LAWIN

Developing Countries

Developing Countries

The developing countries generally lack a high degree of industrialization, infrastructure and other capital investment, sophisticated technology.

Rajagopal (2003, p. 292), in relation to international human rights law, wrote:

“According to [the mainstream historical approach of international lawyers], international human rights is the product of western humanist reaction to the horrors of the Nazi era, but is intellectually grounded in western political theory of Locke, Kant, and Rousseau. It bears no relationship to the “old” international law of colonialism, and owes nothing to anti-colonial struggles as intellectual forebears. Instead, I suggest[ed] that the discursive field of human rights—its symbols, apparatuses, and doctrines—was significantly shaped during the inter-war transition from colonialism to development, as well as by the apparatuses that were developed to manage anti-colonial resistance movements.”

In relation to the concept of sustainable development. Acharya (2007, pp. 411–12) wrote about the role of developed countries in this tasks:

“The concept of sustainable development was born from the tension between the developed and developing countries—the environment as perceived by the developed world and development as perceived by the developing world. [. . .] The doctrine of sustainable development has [. . .] become a convenient tool for the developed world to undermine the developing world’s core demand of the right to development as conceptualized in the NIEO and the UN Declaration on the Right to Development. The right to development has been diluted within the mixed concept of environment and development—sustainable development—and the developed world can, at its discretion, decide when and what priority should be given to which element of the sustainable development amalgam, either the environment or development. By enfolding the development concern of the developing world within the concept of sustainable development, the compromise between the two worlds has earned legitimacy without any legal commitment to the development efforts of the developing countries.”

Developing Countries and the Sources of International Law

Kelly (2000, pp. 468, 472) descibed a trend among scholars residing in Europe and the United States to “prematurely conclude that one’s policy preferences, particularly when shared by other Western societies, have become customary norms. In making these assessments, Western writers virtually ignore the domestic policies and perspectives of non-Western cultures [. . .] The practices and attitudes of Japan, China, and the many nations of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are virtually ignored in the Western literature.”

Colonialism

In this regard, Falk, Rajagopal, and Stevens (2008, p. 5) argued that, from “times past, international law has provided the powerful with a series of instruments by which to exploit and control the weak, and even provided legal cover for colonial rule. With this historical awareness, it is evident that there is no necessary linkage between international law and global justice; indeed, it is more convincing to claim that the historic experience, with some exceptions, most clearly expresses the reinforcing interconnections between law, power, and injustice. But we also believe that international law, as with all law, is a two-edged reality and, with political and moral imagination, can be used advantageously by the weak to resist the plunder and invasions of the strong.”

Textiles and Developing Countries and the World Trade Organization

Textiles and Developing Countries in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues.

Regional Trading Arrangements and Developing Countries and the World Trade Organization

Regional Trading Arrangements and Developing Countries in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues.

Human Poverty Index For Developing Countries (hpi-1) (in the Human Development Area)

In this context, Human Poverty Index For Developing Countries (hpi-1) means:

A composite index measuring deprivations in the three basic dimensions captured in the human development index:A long and healthy life—vulnerability to death at relatively early age, as measured by the probability at birth of not surviving to age 40Knowledge—exclusion from the world of reading and communications, as measured by the adult literacy rat. eA decent standard of living—lack of access to overall economic provisioning, as measured by the unweighted average of two indicators, the percentage of the population not using and improved water source and the percentage of children under weight-for-age.

Conducting Business in Developing Countries

Find out, in this world legal encyclopedia, additional information relating to Conducting Business in Developing Countries.

Developing Countries

Embracing mainstream international law, this section on developing countries explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here.

Developing Countries

See more related entries to Developing Countries in this legal encyclopedia.

Resources

See Also

Further Reading

Resources

Further Reading

  • The entry “developing countries” in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law, 2009), Oxford University Press
  • Acharya, U. D. (2007). Is development a lost paradise? Trade, environment, and development: A triadic dream of international law. Alberta Law Review, 45(2), 401–420.
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  • Alexandrowicz, C. H. (1960). Treaty and diplomatic relations between European and South Asian powers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Recueil des Courses, 100(1960/II), 203–321.
  • Alexandrowicz, C. H. (1968). The Afro-Asian world and the law of nations (historical aspects). Recueil des Courses, 123(1968/I), 117–312.
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  • Anand, R. P. (2003). Family of “civilized” states and Japan: A story of humiliation, assimilation, defiance, and confrontation. Journal of the History of International Law, 5, 1–75.
  • Anand, R. P. (2013). Studies in International Law and History: An Asian Perspective. Springer.
  • Anghie, A (2006). The evolution of international law: Colonial and postcolonial realities. Third World Quarterly, 27(5), 739–753.
  • Anghie, A. (2007). Imperialism, sovereignty, and the making of international law. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
  • Anghie, A., Chimni, B., Mickelson, K., & Okafor, O. (Eds.). (2003). The Third World and international order: Law, politics, and globalization. Leiden, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.
  • Anghie, A., & Chimni, B. S. (2003). Third World approaches to international law and individual responsibility in internal conflicts. Chinese Journal of International Law, 2(1), 77–103.
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  • Flory, M. (1982). Adapting international law to the development of the Third World. Journal of African Law, 26, 12–20.
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  • Garcia-Amador, F. V. (1990). The emerging international law of development: A new dimension of international economic law. New York: Oceana.
  • Gathii, J. T. (1998). International law and Eurocentricity. European Journal of International Law, 9, 203–211.
  • Gathii, J. T. (2011). TWAIL: A brief history of its origins, its decentralized network, and a tentative bibliography Trade Law and Development, 3(1), 26–48.
  • Gaubatz, K. T., & MacArthur, M. (2000–2001). How international is “international” law? Michigan Journal of International Law, 22, 239–282.
  • Gong, G. W. (1984). The standard of “civilization” in international society. Oxford: Clarendon.
  • Hanqin, X. (2012). Chinese contemporary perspectives on international law: History, culture and international law. Leiden, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.
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  • Hsueh, R. (2012). China and India in the age of globalization: Sectoral variation in postliberalization reregulation. Comparative Political Studies, 45(1), 32–61.
  • Huiping, C. (2013). Recent approaches in China’s BITs and impact on African countries. Proceedings of the American Society of International Law, 107, 228–230.
  • Ibhawoh, B. (2011). The right to development: The politics and polemics of power and resistance. Human Rights Quarterly, 33, 76–104.
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  • International Criminal Court. (2017). Situations and Cases.
  • Jiabao, W. (2010). Address by Mr Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China United Nations General Assembly 65th Session A/65/PV.11 41–43.
  • Kelly, J. P. (2000). The twilight of customary international law. Virginia Journal of International Law, 40, 449–543.
  • Kelly, J. P. (2008). International law and the shrinking space for politics in developing countries. Widener Law School Legal Studies Research Paper Series no. 08–31, Law and Rights: Global Perspectives on Constitutionalism and Governance. Vandeplas Publishing.
  • Khosla, M. (2007). The TWAIL discourse: The emergence of a new phase. International Community Law Review, 9, 291–304.
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  • Mamdani, M. (2008). The new humanitarian order. The Nation.
  • Maswood, S. J. (2006). The South in international economic regimes. Whose globalization? Houndmills, U.K.: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Meagher, R. F. (1979). An international redistribution of wealth and power: A study of the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States. New York: Pergamon.
  • Merilainen, S., Tienan, J., Thomas, R., & Davies, A. (2008). Hegemonic academic practices: Experience of publishing from the periphery. Organization, 15(4), 584–597.
  • Mickelson, K. (1998). Rhetoric and rage: Third World voices in international legal discourse. Wisconsin International Law Journal, 16(2), 353–419.
  • Mielniczuk, F. (2013). BRICS in the contemporary world: Changing identities, converging interests. Third World Quarterly, 34(6), 1075–1090.
  • Miéville, C. (2005). Between equal rights: A Marxist theory of international law. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
  • Nataranjan, U., Reynolds, J., Bhatia, A., Xavier, S., (2016). Introduction: TWAIL—On Praxis and the Intellectual. Third World Quarterly, 37(11), 1946–1956.
  • Netanel, N. W. (2009). Introduction: The WIPO Development Agenda and its development policy context. In N. W. Netanel (Ed.), The Development Agenda: Global intellectual property and developing countries (pp. 1–29). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Odell, J. S., & Sell, S. K. (2006). Reframing the issue: The WTO Coalition on Intellectual Property and Public Health, 2001. In J. S. Odell (Ed.), Negotiating trade: Developing countries in the WTO and NAFTA (pp. 85–114). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
  • Odero, S. (2011). Politics of international criminal justice, the ICC’s arrest warrant for Al Bashir and the African Union’s neo-colonial conspirator thesis. In C. Murungu & J. Biegon (Eds.), Prosecuting international crimes in Africa (pp. 145–159). Pretoria, South Africa: Pretoria University Law Press (PULP).
  • Palma, L. (2005). The participation of developing countries in WTO dispute settlement and the role of the Advisory Centre on WTO Law. In S. Charnovitz, D. P. Steger, & P. Van Den Bossche. Law in the Service of Human Dignity: Essays in Honour of Florentino Feliciano. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
  • Paulus, A. L. (2001). International law after postmodernism: Towards renewal or decline of international law? Leiden Journal of International Law, 14, 727–755.
  • Paris Agreement. (2015).
  • Payoyo, P. B. (1997). Cries of the sea: World inequality, sustainable development and the common heritage of humanity. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
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  • Pham, J. P. (2005). Beyond power politics: International law and human rights discourse in the post–9/11 world. Human Rights and Human Welfare, 6, 203–216.
  • Radipati, B. D. D. (2010). Review: WTO law and developing countries. Modern Law Review, 73(2), 338–340.
  • Rajagopal, B. (2003). International law from below: Development, social movements, and Third World resistance. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rajagopal, B. (2008). Counter-hegemonic international law: Rethinking human rights and development as a Third World strategy. In R. Falk, B. Rajagopal, & J. Stevens (Eds.), International law and the Third World: Reshaping justice (pp. 63–80). London: Routledge-Cavendish.
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  • Rolland, S. E. (2007). Developing country coalitions at the WTO: In search of legal support. Harvard International Law Journal, 48(2), 483–551.
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Hierarchical Display of Developing countries

Economics > Economic conditions > Economic development
International Relations > International affairs > National independence > Economic independence
Environment > Environmental policy > Climate change policy > Clean development mechanism
Trade > International trade > Trade relations > Trade agreement
Trade > Trade policy > Trade policy > Generalised preferences
Law > Rights and freedoms > Economic rights > Right to development
Production, Technology And Research > Technology and technical regulations > Technology > Technology transfer
International Relations > International affairs > National independence > Technological independence
International Relations > Cooperation policy > Cooperation policy > South-South cooperation
International Relations > International affairs > International affairs > North-South relations

Developing countries

Concept of Developing countries

See the dictionary definition of Developing countries.

Characteristics of Developing countries

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Resources

Translation of Developing countries

Thesaurus of Developing countries

Economics > Economic conditions > Economic development > Developing countries
International Relations > International affairs > National independence > Economic independence > Developing countries
Environment > Environmental policy > Climate change policy > Clean development mechanism > Developing countries
Trade > International trade > Trade relations > Trade agreement > Developing countries
Trade > Trade policy > Trade policy > Generalised preferences > Developing countries
Law > Rights and freedoms > Economic rights > Right to development > Developing countries
Production, Technology And Research > Technology and technical regulations > Technology > Technology transfer > Developing countries
International Relations > International affairs > National independence > Technological independence > Developing countries
International Relations > Cooperation policy > Cooperation policy > South-South cooperation > Developing countries
International Relations > International affairs > International affairs > North-South relations > Developing countries

See also

  • Third World
  • Third World countries

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