Trade

by

International Legal Research

Information about Trade in free legal resources:

Treaties & Agreements

International Organizations

Jurisprudence $ Commentary

European Union

IP Law

Trade

In the United States

For information about Trade in the context of international trade, click here

Trade and the Laws of International Trade

Prohibited actions

Export Administration System

Trade and the Laws of International Trade

Intent

Export Administration System

American Coasting Trade: International Incident

In the book “International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes”, in relation to this subject, L. Oppenheim wrote in 1909: In 1898, after having acquired the Philippines and the island of Puerto Rico from Spain by the peace treaty of Paris, and in 1899, after having acquired the Hawaiian Islands, the United States declared trade between any of her ports and these islands to be coasting trade, and reserved it exclusively for American vessels.

Trade and Politics (Foreign Policy)

Introduction

The U.S. political mood toward trade has gone sour. One need look no further than the 2016 presidential contest for the popular narrative: trade means that China wins, at America’s expense. But do the numbers support that conclusion? The metrics used to gauge economic strength—Gross Domestic Product and balance of trade—have not kept up with the realities of modern manufacturing. Obtaining an accurate picture of U.S. economic stature requires a critique of those numbers. Only then can the U.S. develop appropriate policy solutions for the challenges at hand. [1]

Concept of Trade

An introductory definition of Trade is provided here: Exchange of goods. In the international realm, trade can occur between private entities, but usually refers to policies and transactions sanctioned and regulated by national governments.

Concept of Trade

Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law.

Related Fields

Related topics include:

Trade

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Market

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White Market

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Financial Market

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Trade Law

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Competition Law

Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia.

Related Fields

Related topics include:

Trade

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International Trade

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Commerce

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Commercial Law

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Trade, Investment and Migration in International Economic Law

In international economic law, trade, investment and migration includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia:

    li> A Legacy of Fragmentation in Migration, Trade and Investment Law
  • International Fora on Cooperation in Migration

Resources

See Also

  • Foreign Affairs
  • National Defense

Resources

See Also

  • Foregin Policy
  • Foreign Affairs

Resources

See Also

  • Trade
  • Market
  • White Market
  • Financial Market
  • Trade Law
  • Competition Law

Resources

Notes and References

1. Source: the Foreign Policy Association.

See Also

Resources

See Also

Further Reading

  • Information about Trade in the Encyclopedia of World Trade: from Ancient Times to the Present (Cynthia Clark Northrup)

Hierarchical Display of Trade

Trade

Trade

Concept of Trade

See the dictionary definition of Trade.

Characteristics of Trade

Resources

Translation of Trade

Thesaurus of Trade

Trade > Trade

See also

  • Economist
  • Economics science researcher
  • Economics analyst
  • Business economist

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  15. Framework Agreements Framework Agreements and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Framework Agreement (2): Also known as a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement, or TIFA. A bilateral agreement [...]...
  16. World Trade Organization Functions World Trade Organization In relation to the international law practice and world trade organization in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, and Transportation About this subject:WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement [...]...
  17. Cooperation Agreements Readmission and Cooperation Agreements This section provides an overview of readmission and cooperation agreements within the legal context of Mode 4 Commitments in international economic law, with coverage of Labour Mobility (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Rosa Maria [...]...
  18. Coverage in Investment Protection This section provides an overview of coverage in investment protection within the legal context of Investment Protection in international economic law, with coverage of The Protection of Property (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Andrew Mitchell and Jacky Mandelbaum, [...]...
  19. Policy Space Specific Exceptions in Investment Law protecting Policy Space This section provides an overview of specific exceptions in investment law protecting policy space within the legal context of Specific Exceptions in Investment Law protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, [...]...
  20. Trade law Part 7 Contents Trade law Part 763LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW64LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW65LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW66LAW JOURNAL / LAW ... Read more...
  21. Trans-pacific Partnership In relation to the international law practice and Trans-pacific Partnership in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, Transportation About this subject: Other Trade Agreements and Trade-related Issues Under this [...]...
  22. Trade law Part 3 Contents Trade law Part 322LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW23LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW24LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW25LAW JOURNAL / LAW ... Read more...
  23. List of Commercial and International Trade Law e-Journals ContentsList of Commercial and International trade law e-JournalsSee AlsoConclusionNotesReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries List ... Read more...
  24. Import Licensing Import Licensing and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Licensing: Procedures requiring the submission of an application or other documentation (other than those [...]...
  25. Trade Liberalization Introduction Trade liberalisation involves removing or reducing barriers to trade between different countries. One of the opposing forces that have shaped the changing pattern of world trade over the last 200 years was the promotion of free trade. The Relative Impact of Trade Liberalization [...]...
  26. Investment Barriers-to-Entry This section provides an overview of investment barriers-to-entry within the legal context of Market Access (Quantitative Restrictions in Goods and Services) in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Wolfgang Alschner, "Investment [...]...
  27. Trade Marks Law Trade Marks Law Contents of Trade Marks Law Contents of this subject matter include:Introduction to Trade Marks Law Passing Off and Misleading & Deceptive Conduct Statutory Definition of Trade Marks Registrability of Trade Marks Restrictions on Registration Opposition Infringement Defenses to [...]...
  28. Anti-Trust Rules This section provides an overview of anti-trust rules within the legal context of Competition Law and Policy in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Relation of IPRs to Trade, Investment and Anti-Trust Rules This section provides an overview of relation of iprs to trade, [...]...
  29. International trade law Part 17 Contents International trade law Part 17193LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW194LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW195LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW196LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
  30. Investment Policy Advisory Committee Investment Policy Advisory Committee (INPAC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Investment Policy Advisory Committee (INPAC): A policy-level committee that forms part of the private sector [...]...
  31. Aid for Trade Initiative This section provides an overview of aid for trade initiative within the legal context of Combating Poverty in international economic law (Cross-Cutting Challenges). Resources Further Reading Jean-Jacques Hallaert, "Aid for Trade Initiative," Elgar Encyclopedia of International [...]...
  32. Rules Relating to Investment This section provides an overview of rules relating to investment within the legal context of Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in international economic law, with coverage of Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources [...]...
  33. Ad Hoc Investment Arbitration Ad hoc Investment Arbitration This section provides an overview of ad hoc investment arbitration within the legal context of Investment Arbitration Fora in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Ucheora Onwuamaegbu, [...]...
  34. Defense Policy Advisory Committee on Trade Defense Policy Advisory Committee on Trade (DPACT) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Defense Policy Advisory Committee on Trade (DPACT): A policy-Ievel committee that funds part of the [...]...
  35. United States-peru Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation: United States-peru Trade Promotion Agreement ("ptpa") in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): In 2011, both the United States and Peru took steps to implement the PTPA. On [...]...
  36. Domestic Policy Space Recognised Policies Protecting Domestic Policy Space in International Economic Law In international economic law, recognised policies protecting domestic policy space includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Public Morals Environmental Protection [...]...
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  38. National Treatment in Investment Law This section provides an overview of national treatment in investment law within the legal context of Non-Discrimination on Foreign Direct Investment in international economic law (Principles). Resources Further Reading Andrea K Bjorklund, "National Treatment in Investment Law," [...]...
  39. Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space This section provides an overview of specific exemptions in trade law protecting domestic policy space within the legal context of Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, [...]...
  40. International trade law Part 2 ContentsInternational Trade law Part 2 16LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW17LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW18LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW19LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
  41. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Conference On Trade And Development (UNCTAD) Introduction to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, permanent arm of the United Nations General Assembly. The conference, established in December 1964, followed [...]...
  42. Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS): A US government inter-agency [...]...
  43. Trade Organizations World Trade Organization (WTO) Notion of of World Trade Organization (WTO): An international organization founded in 1995 to provide conciliation mechanisms to resolve trade conflicts between members and, if necessary, adjudicate disputes. The WTO provides a forum for ongoing negotiations in [...]...
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  46. Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN): The highest-level group in the [...]...
  47. International Trade Center International Trade Center (ITC) This section provides an overview of international trade center (itc) within the legal context of Development Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations [...]...
  48. Trade Authorization In the United States For information about Trade authorization in the context of international trade, click here...
  49. International Trade Law Outline Following an introductory overview of the principles and structure of international trade law, this entry concentrates on the substantive obligations in the agreements that form part of the World Trade Organization Agreement, including tariff and customs?related matters, [...]...
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  51. Trade Agreements Commercial Treaties: Trade Agreements In addition to formal agreements between modern states having important economic ties with each other, less formal and durable agreements relate to such matters as tariff rates, navigation dues, customs formalities, air-transport clearance arrangements, [...]...
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  53. Trade in Services The General Agreement on Trade in Services and the World Trade Organization The General Agreement on Trade in Services in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. Trade in Services: Preferential Trade Agreements This section provides an overview of trade in [...]...
  54. Trade Standards Regulatory Barriers to Trade: Regulations and Standards This section provides an overview of regulatory barriers to trade: regulations and standards within the legal context of Harmonization, Equivalence and Mutual Recognition in international economic law, with coverage of Domestic Regulation [...]...
  55. Trade in Services Agreement The Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA) This section provides an overview of the trade in services agreement (tisa) within the legal context of Preferential Trade in Services Agreements in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory [...]...
  56. Trade Policy Review Mechanism Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM): A process of examination in the GATT Council to provide [...]...
  57. International Trade Commission For more details on United States International Trade Commission, click here.......
  58. International Trade International Political Economy Trends: International Trade Introduction to International Trade In the 21st century, international trade has grown to 20 percent of the world's total production of goods and services-around $6.5 trillion per year. This volume of trade is almost seven times [...]...
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  60. International Trade Organization International Trade Organization (ITO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Trade Organization (ITO): (Not to be confused with Multilateral Trade "Organization, Sec. I). An [...]...
  61. Trade Barriers Standards-Related Activity and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Standards-Related Activity: An activity undertaken in conjunction with administration or enforcement of [...]...
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  64. Trade Controls In the United States For information about Trade Controls in the context of international trade, click here...
  65. Trade Laws In the United States For information about Trade Laws in the context of international trade, click here...
  66. Trade Legislation In the United States For information about Trade Legislation in the context of international trade, click here...
  67. Trade Sanctions Somalia Sanctions ...
  68. Trade Promotion Agreements U.S.-colombia Trade Promotion Agreement in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to U.s.-colombia Trade Promotion Agreement: (1) Environmental Cooperation Agreement On April 19, 2013, the United States and Colombia signed the U.S.-Colombia Environmental Cooperation [...]...
  69. Trade-related Issues Trade Agreements and Trade-related Issues In relation to the international law practice and other trade agreements and trade-related issues in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, and Transportation About this [...]...
  70. Trade in Water Trade in Bulk Water This section provides an overview of trade in bulk waterfitzgerald temmerman within the legal context of International Economic Law and Human Rights in international economic law (Cross-Cutting Challenges). Resources Further Reading Fitzgerald Temmerman, "Trade in [...]...
  71. Trade in Services in the WTO – General Rules This section provides an overview of trade in services in the wto – general rules within the legal context of WTO Commitments in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas)....
  72. Trade in Services in the WTO – Specific Commitments This section provides an overview of trade in services in the wto – specific commitments within the legal context of WTO Commitments in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas)....
  73. Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space This section provides an overview of specific exemptions in trade law protecting domestic policy space within the legal context of Specific Exemptions in Trade Law Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, [...]...
  74. Intellectual Property Rights Introduction Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) protection is one of the most important and current legal issues in the international trade arena. As international trade and investment increases around the world, copyrights, trademarks, patents and trade secrets need to be subjects of a [...]...
  75. Cooperation in Migration International Fora on Cooperation in Migration This section provides an overview of international fora on cooperation in migration within the legal context of Trade, Investment and Migration in international economic law, with coverage of Labour Mobility (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources [...]...
  76. Migration Law A Legacy of Fragmentation in Migration, Trade and Investment Law This section provides an overview of a legacy of fragmentation in migration, trade and investment law within the legal context of Trade, Investment and Migration in international economic law, with coverage of Labour Mobility [...]...
  77. Trade law Part 1 Contents Trade law Part 11LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW2LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW3LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW4LAW JOURNAL / LAW ... Read more...
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  110. Free Trade Introduction Free Trade, interchange of commodities across political frontiers without restrictions such as tariffs, quotas, or foreign exchange controls. This economic policy contrasts with protectionist policies that use such restrictions to protect or stimulate domestic industries. See [...]...
  111. Terms of Trade Summary of Terms of Trade An export-import price ratio derived by dividing indices of export prices by indices of import prices. For example, when export indices are 105 percent of a base period, and import indices are 98 percent of the same base period, then the terms of trade [...]...
  112. Trade Barrier Summary of Trade Barrier Constraints upon the exchange of goods among nations imposed by governments; such constraints are manifested in the form of tariffs, quotas, exchange controls, and a variety of so-called nontariff barriers. Barriers usually arise to protect domestic industries, [...]...
  113. Trade Creation The substitution of lower- cost foreign goods for higher-cost domestic manufactures.......
  114. Trade Diversion The shift in purchases from sources outside a free-trade area (within which tariffs have been eliminated) to a union member, even though the cost of purchasing outside the union (before duty) is less than procuring from within. The absence of duty among members of the free- trade area more than [...]...
  115. Trade Opportunities Program An export promotion service of the U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration. U.S. firms interested in marketing abroad may list their products with the International Trade Administration; this data will be retained in IT A computers and matched with inquiries received by [...]...
  116. Trade War Introduction to Trade War Trade War, economic tug-of-war between nations in which each side tries to limit the other's exports while flooding the other's market with its own goods." (1) Resources Notes and References Information about "http://lawi......
  117. Trade and Investment Council Trade and Investment Council in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade and Investment Council: A forum for bilateral consultations between the United States and various countries which have [...]...
  118. Trade Negotiations Committee Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC): The steering group established at the outset of the GA 1TUruguay Round (Sec. I) to [...]...
  119. Trade Secret Trade Secret and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade Secret: A form of industrial property (Sec. I). Refers to a non-patented process, mechanism, or formula, known only to its owner, that [...]...
  120. Trade Balance J-Curve and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of J-Curve: The expected adjustment path in a country's trade balance following a currency depreciation or devaluation. Because a change in the [...]...

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