Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Labor Market Policy Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy...
2. Trade In the United States For information about Trade in the context of international trade, click here Trade and the Laws of International Trade Prohibited actions Export Administration System Trade and the Laws of International Trade Intent Export Administration System American Coasting Trade: [...]...
3. Common External Tariff Summary of Common External Tariff The uniform customs tariff applied by all the member states of a customs union or common market to imports from nonmember nations.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Common External Tariff and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT [...]...
4. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
5. Commodity Agreement Commodity Agreement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Commodity Agreement: A formal international arrangement among exporters and importers of a commodity. Such [...]...
6. Barter Summary of Barter A direct exchange of products without cash. In some cases, a third party is brought into the transaction to dispose of some or all of the goods in a third country; this practice is known as switch trading. See Countertrade.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Barter [...]...
7. Arbitrage Summary of Arbitrage The practice whereby foreign exchange or commodities are purchased in one market at lower cost and rapidly traded off in another, higher cost market. For example, if the pound sterling sells for $1.50 in Paris, but only $1.45 in New York, an arbitrageur could buy [...]...
8. Monetary Policy Monetary Policy (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Monetary Policy means: the complex of actions aiming to regulate the money supply in a country. By changing banking interest rate, or acting on open securities' market, a government either enlarges or diminishes inflow of [...]...
9. Money Market Accounts Money Market Accounts regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Money Market Accounts covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
10. Cartel Summary of Cartel An alliance among firms in the same line of business aimed at controlling or dominating their field on an international basis.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Definition of Cartel In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Cartel : [...]...
11. Fisheries Policy Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and Europe There is an entry on common fisheries policy (cfp) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Common Fisheries Policy (CFP)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
12. Rules-Oriented Trade Policy Rules-Oriented Trade Policy and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Rules-Oriented Trade Policy: An idealized approach to trade policy under which governments establish a set of rules for the [...]...
13. Labor Practices Labor: Request For Arbitral Panel on Guatemala Labor Practices In relation to the international law practice and Labor: Request For Arbitral Panel on Guatemala Labor Practices in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, [...]...
14. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
15. Labor Advisory Committee Labor Advisory Committee (LAC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Labor Advisory Committee (LAC): A policy-level committee that forms part of the private sector advisory system established by [...]...
16. Trade War Introduction to Trade War Trade War, economic tug-of-war between nations in which each side tries to limit the other's exports while flooding the other's market with its own goods." (1) Resources Notes and References Information about "http://lawi......
17. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
18. Trade Bloc Trade Bloc and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Trade Bloc: A general term referring to regional arrangements among countries that have established formal mechanisms for [...]...
19. Fiscal Transparency Literature Review on Fiscal Transparency In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] A. Premchand offers the following summary about the topic of Fiscal Transparency: The content of fiscal transparency has evolved over years. The cumulative developments in this area [...]...
20. Economic Models Literature Review on (Decision Making) Economic Models In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Richard G. Sims offers the following summary about the topic of (Decision Making) Economic Models: This entry addresses economic models that are useful when the issue [...]...
21. Economic Integration Summary of Economic Integration The process of unifying two or more national economies through conscious coordination of trade, fiscal, and monetary activities. Economic integration is normally preceded by the reduction or abolition of tariffs, quotas, and similar constraints upon trade [...]...
22. Economic Nationalism A conscious, articulated national drive toward economic self-sufficiency. Economic nationalism is comparable to Autarchy (read this and related legal terms for further details) but does not mandate the economic isolation......
23. Agricultural Policy Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Europe There is an entry on common agricultural policy (cap) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law Resources See Also Further Reading [...]...
24. Social Dialogue Social dialogue in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Social dialogue provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Discussion and co-operation between the social partners on matters of common interest, such as economic and social policy. Involves participation by the state where tripartism [...]...
25. Industrial Policy Industrial Policy and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Industrial Policy: A program of selective government interventions designed to change the sectoral composition of a country's economy [...]...
26. Commercial Policy Common Commercial Policy and Europe There is an entry on common commercial policy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Economic Development Social development Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Common Commercial Policy" in the work "A Concise [...]...
27. Imperfect Competition Imperfect Competition and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Imperfect Competition: When an industry is marked by imperfect competition, market prices send "incorrect signals" regarding [...]...
28. Financial Rules Sec Rules Implementing Dodd-frank in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Sec Rules Implementing Dodd-frank: (As reviewed in this legal encyclopedia in relation to international law issues in the year 2012) at 410-12, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission [...]...
29. Financial Law Spanish Translation of financial lawThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to financial law and / or a definition of this topic: Derecho Financiero (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
30. Financial Aid Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to financial aid in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
31. Financial Accounting Financial accounting includes information disseminated to parties that are not part of the enterprise proper—stockholders, creditors, customers, suppliers, regulatory commissions, financial analysts, and trade associations—although the information is also of interest to the [...]...
32. Financial Reporting Traditionally, the function of financial reporting was to provide proprietors with information about the companies that they owned and operated. Once the delegation of managerial responsibilities to hired personnel became a common practice, financial reporting began to focus on stewardship, [...]...
33. Financial Paper Short-term, unsecured promissory notes issued by finance companies. The funds raised by the sale of financial paper are loaned out to commercial firms to finance inventories and current receivables.......
34. Financial Risk The risk borne by an exporter that his foreign customer may be unable or unwilling to pay for the merchandise purchased; the financial risk relates purely to commercial considerations and not to such "political" risks as expropriation or inconvertibility of currency.......
35. Financial Solidarity A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
36. Financial Crises Financial Crises Further ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Financial Crises , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Financial Crises , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) ...
37. Financial Asset Spanish Translation of financial assetThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to financial asset and / or a definition of this topic: Activo Financiero (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
38. Financial Income Spanish Translation of financial incomeThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to financial income and / or a definition of this topic: Renta Financiera (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
39. Financial Sanctions Financial Sanctions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On October 11, 2011, FinCEN issued a final rule to implement section 104(e) of CISADA. 76 Fed. Reg. 62,607 (Oct. 11, 2011). This final rule [...]...
40. Financial Services Financial Services and the World Trade Organization Financial Services in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. European Passport and Europe There is an entry on european passport in the European legal encyclopedia. This section provides an overview of financial [...]...
41. Financial Condition Literature Review on Financial Condition In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jane Beckett-Camarata offers the following summary about the topic of Financial Condition: This entry describes local government financial condition, its importance, and discusses [...]...
42. Financial Emergencies Literature Review on Financial Emergencies In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jane Beckett-Camarata offers the following summary about the topic of Financial Emergencies: This entry provides a comprehensive description of local government financial [...]...
43. Financial Statement Literature Review on Financial Statement Analysis In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Martin Ives offers the following summary about the topic of Financial Statement Analysis: Financial statement analysis allows the analyst to assess an entity's [...]...
44. Financial Engineering Distributed Parameter Systems Control and Its Applications to Financial Engineering, the Law and other Social Sciences The chapter analyzes differential flatness theory for the control of single asset and multi-asset option price dynamics, described by PDE models. Through these control [...]...
45. Financial Inclusion Financial Inclusion, Content, and Information Technologies in Latin America, the Law and other Social Sciences While the current scientific literature is quite scarce for most of the developing world, several leading researchers have made great strides in understanding the role of cyber [...]...
46. Financial Investing Applying Artificial Intelligence to Financial Investing, the Law and other Social Sciences Artificial intelligence techniques have long been applied to financial investing scenarios to determine market inefficiencies, criteria for credit scoring, and bankruptcy prediction, to name a few. While [...]...
47. Financial Regulation Financial Regulation in International Economic Law In international economic law, financial regulation includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> International Standards Banking Core Principles Insurance Core Principles Standards for Market Actors...
48. Financial Stability This section provides an overview of financial stability within the legal context of Recognised Policies Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, with coverage of Protecting Domestic Policy Space (Principles). Resources Further Reading Nina Reiser, "Financial [...]...
49. Financial Instruments Financial Instruments in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to financial instruments on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
50. Financial Loss Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to financial loss in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
51. Financial Policy Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
52. Financial Institution Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
53. Financial System Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
54. Financial Administration Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law...
55. Financial Management Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law...
56. Financial Sector Resources See Also Saving Loan Deregulation...
57. Financial Accounting Standards Board A private, non-profit organization concerned with formulating standards for financial accounting and reporting by U.S. industry. The FASB is independent of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and other professional bodies. In 1973 the FASB succeeded the Accounting Principl......
58. Financial Resource Management Literature Review on (Local Government) Financial Resource Management In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Kenneth A. Klase offers the following summary about the topic of (Local Government) Financial Resource Management: Financial resource management in [...]...
59. Financial Stability Board Financial Stability Board (FSB) This section provides an overview of financial stability board (fsb) within the legal context of Monetary Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Eva Hüpkes, "Financial Stability Board [...]...
60. Financial Action Task Force Financial Action Task Force (FATF) This section provides an overview of financial action task force (fatf) within the legal context of Monetary Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Riccardo Sansonetti, "Financial Action Task [...]...
61. Financial Leasing (Uniform Law) Financial Leasing (Uniform Law) in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to financial leasing (uniform law) on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international [...]...
62. Financial Institution Mergers Financial Institution Acquisitions and Mergers regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Financial Institution Acquisitions and Mergers covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
63. Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No 52 A set of accounting rules governing offshore and multicurrency transactions, adopted in 1981 and mandatory for use by December 15, 1984. FASB 52 replaces Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 8 (read this and re......
64. Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No 8 A far-reaching and controversial pronouncement by the Financial Accounting Standards Board governing accounting practices used by American firms in transactions involving foreign currencies. The pronouncement, known commonly as FASB 8, came into effect for fiscal years beginning January 1, 1976. Am......
65. Market Access Summary of Market Access The degree of participation in the domestic market that a nation allows to foreign suppliers. Tariffs, quotas, and similar protective devices are devices imposed to limit market access. (Main Author: William J. Miller) Market Access and National Treatment in the [...]...
66. Commodity Market Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
67. Domestic Market Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
68. International Market Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
69. Market Planning Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
70. Market Stabilization Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
71. Market Study Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
72. Fair Market Value The value an imported product would fetch, under similar circumstances of sale, were the goods sold in the country of origin. Customs authorities are usually interested in the fair market value of imported merchandise inasmuch as sales below such value may serve as the basis of a Dumping (...
73. Free Market The economic system of a nation in which market forces determine which goods and services are produced, and at what price they are offered. Free market economies do not contain substantial government controls on resource availability, price levels, or central planning of economic objectives.......
74. Foreign Market Price For purposes of customs valuation comparisons, generally the price of like merchandise sold for consumption in the country of origin.......
75. Financial Times Financial Times In the words of Professor Michael Simkovic: “While some leading business and financial newspapers have adulterated their coverage ... Read more...
76. Financial Crime ContentsFinancial CrimeImpact of Illicit Financial FlowsThe principles of Fraud and Financial Crime InvestigationProceeds of Crime, Money Laundering and Financial Investigation ... Read more...
77. Customer Protection in Financial Services Spanish Translation of customer protection in financial servicesThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to customer protection in financial services and / or a definition of this topic: Protección del Cliente de los Servicios Financieros (in Spanish, without [...]...
78. Online Financial Transactions The Conduct and Regulation of Internet commerce in the Context of Internet Law Read, in this legal Encyclopedia, about the topic of this section, and, specially, about Online Financial Transactions and Payment Mechanisms...
79. Asian Financial Crisis Asian Financial Crisis (1997–98) Note: there is more information on the Asian/Chinese legal Encyclopedia. Notion of of Asian Financial Crisis (1997–98): Triggered by the collapse of the Thai baht, the crisis threatened to lead to global economic meltdown, but was ultimately limited [...]...
80. International Financial Institutions International Financial Institutions Find out, in this world legal encyclopedia, additional information relating to International Financial Institutions ....
81. Targeted Financial Sanctions U.S. Targeted Financial Sanctions Implementing Security Council Resolutions in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to U.S. Targeted Financial Sanctions Implementing Security Council Resolutions: (1) Overview The United States implements its counterterrorism [...]...
82. Annual Financial Reports Literature Review on Popular Annual Financial Reports (PAFR) In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Joy A. Clay offers the following summary about the topic of Popular Annual Financial Reports (PAFR): Popular reporting has become a means of providing important [...]...
83. Consolidated Financial Statements Resources See Also Consolidated tax return...
84. Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing ContentsUnidroit Convention on International Financial LeasingConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Unidroit Convention on ... Read more...
85. Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing 2 Contents Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Unidroit ... Read more...
86. Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing 3 Contents Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Unidroit ... Read more...
87. Society For Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications An organization, commonly known as SWIFT, established in 1977 by the international banking community to facilitate transactions among member banks. The SWIFT system is a data processing network for the purpose of remitting and collecting funds among the members. Banks interface with the system throu......
88. Market Market Reserve Policies and International Trade Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism Resources See Also Law of Similars...
89. Market Value Embracing mainstream international law, this section on market value explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "market value" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
90. At the Market Resources See Also Market order...
91. Market-Inalienability ContentsMarket-InalienabilityConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Market-Inalienability   Margaret Jane Radin   Things that ... Read more...
92. Black Market Black Market Definition Black Market is the term designating the illicit sale of commodities in violation of government rationing and price-fixing. The term originated in Europe during World War I, when the introduction of rationing in belligerent countries tempted some persons with access [...]...
93. Central Market A spot commodity market that serves as a national or regional center of trading activity, and often large-scale distribution of the products as well. Transactions are usually performed by dealers who serve as intermediary brokers between buyers and sellers.......
94. Common Market Summary of Common Market A supranational organization of trading nations, created to promote economic collaboration and minimize constraints on the free movement of goods among the member states. Features of a common market include elimination of tariffs on goods moving between member [...]...
95. Interbank Market A market for the purchase and sale in the spot and forward markets for foreign exchange among major commercial banks. Very often, these banks will offer to purchase or sell exchange through brokers, thereby initially protecting the identity of the market participants in a given currency at a point i......
96. Market Disruption A condition in which foreign imports of a given product increase in quantity so rapidly as to cause, or threaten to cause, material injury to a competing domestic industry. A finding of market disruption before the International Trade Commission may result in retaliatory actions against the [...]...
97. Primary Market A spot commodity market dealing in a local producing area. Ordinarily such markets develop around local transportation centers.......
98. Single Market Summary of Single Market A component feature of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Single Market and Europe There is an entry on single market in the European [...]...
99. Spot Market A market for commodities or currency in which the sale results in an immediate or nearly immediate exchange of the goods or instruments for cash, as compared with a futures market, which trades in contracts for the future delivery of the product.......
100. Bonds Market Bonds in this SectionBondHow Bonds WorkTypes of BondsIssu......
101. Market Failure Market Imperfections or Market Failure and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Imperfections or Market Failure: Often refers to two sources of departure from perfect competition, i.e., [...]...
102. Market Structure Market Structure and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Structure: Refers to the structure of an industry or market, as reflected in the number and size distribution of sellers and buyers, [...]...
103. Market Power Market Power and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Power: The ability of an individual firm to exert control over prices prevailing in the markets for its products or services. The highest [...]...
104. Market Performance Market Performance and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Performance: The principal focus of competition policy, market performance refers to the degree to which a particular industry or [...]...
105. Grey Market Grey Market in International Trade Meaning of Grey Market, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A situation that consists of unauthorized traders buying and selling a company's product in different countries. Companies confronted with a grey situation can [...]...
106. Market Risk Market Risk in International Trade Meaning of Market Risk, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The possibility that results at the time a product is delivered may differ from expectations held at a time it was ordered. For instance, the market price may have [...]...
107. Market Intelligence Improving Competitiveness Through Organizational Market Intelligence: Market Intelligence, the Law and other Social Sciences Market intelligence (MI) is a concept that results in real opportunities for knowledge management in organizations. MI is a cyclic process to deliver knowledge for [...]...
108. Internal Market Meaning of Internal market Here is a very short concept of internal market in the European Union framework: Another term for the single market; also known as the common market, although that expression has wider connotations. Resources Notas y References See Also...
109. Over-the-counter Market Resources See Also NASD NASDAQ...
110. Actual Market Value Resources See Also Market volume...
111. Cornering the Market Resources See Also Corner...
112. Clear Market Value Resources See Also Fair market value...
113. Current Market Value Resources See Also Fair market value...
114. Agricultural Market Resources See Also Farming Farm Bill Agricultural Law Agriculture Reform Agriculture...
115. Market Economy Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism...
116. Capital Market Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
117. Labor Market Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy...
118. Market Research Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
119. Market Definition Resources See Also Business Law Antitrust Laws...
120. Market Scope Resources See Also Business Law Antitrust Laws...