Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Insider Trading Hierarchical Display of Insider trading Law > Criminal lawFinance > Free movement of capital > Financial market > Stock-exchange transaction Insider trading Concept of Insider trading See the dictionary definition of Insider trading. Characteristics of Insider trading [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
2. Stock-exchange Listing Hierarchical Display of Stock-exchange listing Finance > Free movement of capital > Financial market > Stock exchange Stock-exchange listing Concept of Stock-exchange listing See the dictionary definition of Stock-exchange listing. Characteristics of Stock-exchange listing [rtbs [...]...
3. Stock Exchange Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
4. Exchange Transaction Hierarchical Display of Exchange transaction Finance > Financial institutions and credit > BankingFinance > Monetary economics > Exchange policy > Foreign exchange market Exchange transaction Concept of Exchange transaction See the dictionary definition of Exchange transaction. [...]...
5. Stock Exchange Law ContentsStock Exchange LawStock Exchange LawMain Objectives and Key LegislationExchange OrganizationExchange Trading Stock Exchange Law Stock Exchange Law Stock exchange law ... Read more...
6. American Stock Exchange Description of American Stock Exchange Resources See Also Exchanges Securities Regulation...
7. Covered Transaction A transaction denominated in terms of a foreign currency, payable at a future date, in which protection against loss on exchange has been procured, usually in the form of a Forward Exchange Contract (read this and related le......
8. Buffer Stock Summary of Buffer Stock A commodity stockpile controlled by one or more nations for the purpose of stabilizing world prices of that particular commodity. The commodity is released into the market as world prices increase and is purchased for the stockpile as prices decline. The [...]...
9. Foreign Exchange Market Hierarchical Display of Foreign exchange market Finance > Monetary economics > Exchange policyFinance > Monetary relations > Monetary relationsFinance > Free movement of capital > Futures marketFinance > Free movement of capital > Free movement of capital > Capital [...]...
10. Investment Transaction Hierarchical Display of Investment transaction Finance > Free movement of capital > Free movement of capital > Capital movementFinance > Financing and investment > InvestmentFinance > Financial institutions and credit > Financial institution > Investment company Investment transaction [...]...
11. Forward Exchange Option Forward Exchange Option in International Trade Meaning of Forward Exchange Option, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contractually agreed right to buy (put) or to sell (call) a specific amount of one currency for a specified amount of another [...]...
12. Stock Options Spanish Translation of stock optionsThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to stock options and / or a definition of this topic: Stock Options (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
13. Joint-stock Company Resources See Also Joint-stock association or company...
14. Financial Transaction Hierarchical Display of Financial transaction Finance > Free movement of capital > Financial marketTrade > Trade policy > Trade policy > Regulation of transactionsBusiness And Competition > Accounting > Management accounting > PaymentFinance > Monetary economics > Intra-EU payment [...]...
15. Financial Market Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
16. Stock Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to stock in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
17. Fixed Exchange Rates A condition in which the official rates of exchange for most currencies, particularly those of major trading nations, are in an established ratio to one another; generally, this is the result of each currency having an established rate to gold from which a series of bilateral exchange ratios can be ......
18. Joint-stock Insurance Company Resources See Also Stock insurance company...
19. Spot Exchange Spot Exchange in International Trade Meaning of Spot Exchange, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The purchase and sale of foreign exchange for delivery and payment at the time of the transaction....
20. Exchange ContentsExchangeExchange DefinitionOrganizationHistoryCommodities and Futures ExchangesRegulation Exchange Exchange Definition Exchange, in commerce, generally, may be defined as a central office or ... Read more...
21. Stock Registrar Bank as Stock Registrar, Transfer Agent, or Dividend Disbursing Agent in relation with Care, Custody and Transfer of Corporate Securities This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Stock Registrar covered in connexion with Care, Custody and Transfer of Corporate Securities and [...]...
22. Abc Transaction Description of Abc Transaction In this reference work, abc transaction is a sort of the Oil, Gas, Energy Law category. Resources See Also Oil Gas Energy Law...
23. Workers' Stock Ownership Hierarchical Display of Workers' stock ownership Employment And Working Conditions > Labour law and labour relations > Labour relations > Worker participationEmployment And Working Conditions > Labour market > Socioprofessional category > Blue-collar workerFinance > Free movement of [...]...
24. Public Stock Hierarchical Display of Public stock Trade > Distributive trades > Storage > Stock Public stock Concept of Public stock See the dictionary definition of Public stock. Characteristics of Public stock [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Public stock Spanish: Stock público French: [...]...
25. Private Stock Hierarchical Display of Private stock Trade > Distributive trades > Storage > Stock Private stock Concept of Private stock See the dictionary definition of Private stock. Characteristics of Private stock [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Private stock Spanish: Stock privado [...]...
26. Foreign Currency Transaction For accounting purposes, a transaction stated in terms of a currency other than the firm's functional currency. The purchase or sale of goods priced in terms of a foreign currency and the lending or borrowing of foreign funds represent such transactions.......
27. Stock-transfer Agent Description of Stock-transfer Agent Resources See Also Corporations...
28. Market Abuse Hierarchical Display of Market abuse Law > Criminal law > Offence > Economic offence Market abuse Concept of Market abuse See the dictionary definition of Market abuse. Characteristics of Market abuse [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Market abuse Spanish: Abuso de mercado [...]...
29. Transaction Value The primary method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
30. Arm's Length Transaction An economic transaction between unaffiliated parties undertaken as a product of commercial negotiation or market forces. Section 482 of the Internal Revenue Code authorizes the Internal Revenue Service to reallocate income to a domestic corporation when transactions with a controlled affiliate are u......
31. Minimum Stock Hierarchical Display of Minimum stock Business And Competition > Management > Management Minimum stock Concept of Minimum stock See the dictionary definition of Minimum stock. Characteristics of Minimum stock [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Minimum stock Spanish: Stock [...]...
32. Surplus Stock Hierarchical Display of Surplus stock Agri-Foodstuffs > Production > ProductionAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural structures and production > Regulation of agricultural production > Agricultural surplusAgri-Foodstuffs > Production > Production policy > Production [...]...
33. Commercial Transaction Hierarchical Display of Commercial transaction Trade > MarketingTrade > Trade policy > Commercial law Commercial transaction Concept of Commercial transaction See the dictionary definition of Commercial transaction. Characteristics of Commercial transaction [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources [...]...
34. Transaction Cost Literature Review on (Policy Analysis) Transaction Cost Economics In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Glenn A. Daley offers the following summary about the topic of (Policy Analysis) Transaction Cost Economics: Transaction cost economics (TCE) is the study [...]...
35. EU Stock Hierarchical Display of EU stock Agri-Foodstuffs > Production > Production > EU productionAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural structures and production > Regulation of agricultural production > Agricultural surplus EU stock Concept of EU stock See the dictionary definition [...]...
36. Forward Exchange Contract An agreement to exchange, at a specified future date, a fixed number of units of one currency for a fixed number of units of another currency. Such contracts are often procured by merchants when they must settle future accounts in a foreign currency and wish to protect against possible losses [...]...
37. Stock in Trade Stock In Trade What is “stock-in-trade”? Stock in trade is the inventory of goods, and merchandise, held by a business ... Read more...
38. Intervention Stock Hierarchical Display of Intervention stock Trade > Trade policy > Trade policy > Market intervention > Market support Intervention stock Concept of Intervention stock See the dictionary definition of Intervention stock. Characteristics of Intervention stock [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources [...]...
39. Trading Company A firm engaged in the purchase, distribution, and marketing of products in international trade. Generally, the trading company deals with products of unrelated firms as well as the manufacturers of joint ventures in which it is involved.......
40. Export Companies In the United States For information about Export Companies in the context of international trade, click here...
41. Financial Institution Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
42. Takeover Bid Hierarchical Display of Takeover bid Business And Competition > Business organisation > Economic concentrationFinance > Free movement of capital > Financial marketBusiness And Competition > Business organisation > Company law > Protection of shareholders Takeover bid Concept of [...]...
43. World Stock Hierarchical Display of World stock Agri-Foodstuffs > Production > Production > World productionSocial Questions > Health > Nutrition > Food resources World stock Concept of World stock See the dictionary definition of World stock. Characteristics of World stock [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
44. Differential Exchange Rates A scheme in which a government prescribes different rates of exchange for the local currency, depending upon the transaction involved. The government may assign its currency a given value in terms of gold for capital transfers, for example, but provide for a less favorable rate of exchange for impor......
45. Complementarity Agreement Hierarchical Display of Complementarity agreement International Relations > Cooperation policy > Cooperation policy > Industrial cooperation Complementarity agreement Concept of Complementarity agreement See the dictionary definition of Complementarity agreement. Characteristics of [...]...
46. Time Bill Of Exchange A bill of exchange (read here for further details) payable other than "at sight," i.e., immediately upon presentation. Bills drawn at sixty days' sight or thirty days date, for example, are time bills.......
47. Economic Contingency Stock Hierarchical Display of Economic contingency stock Trade > Trade policy > Trade policy > Market intervention > Market support Economic contingency stock Concept of Economic contingency stock See the dictionary definition of Economic contingency stock. Characteristics of Economic [...]...
48. Rolling Stock Hierarchical Display of Rolling stock Transport > Land transport > Land transport > Rail transport Rolling stock Concept of Rolling stock See the dictionary definition of Rolling stock. Characteristics of Rolling stock [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Rolling stock Spanish: [...]...
49. Transaction Value Of Identical Merchandise An alternative method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the CustomsValuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
50. Gold Stock A nation's supply of monetary gold.......
51. Aleatory Transaction Resources See Also Aleatory contract...
52. Debenture Stock Spanish Translation of debenture stockThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to debenture stock and / or a definition of this topic: Acción Privilegiada (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
53. Non Voting Stock Spanish Translation of non voting stockThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to non voting stock and / or a definition of this topic: Acción Sin Voto (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
54. Exchange Rates Multiple Exchange Rates (also known as Differential Exchange Rates) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Multiple Exchange Rates (also known as Differential Exchange Rates): [...]...
55. Exchange Policy Hierarchical Display of Exchange policy Finance > Monetary economicsFinance > Monetary relations > Monetary relationsFinance > Monetary relations > European currency > EuroTrade > Trade policy > Commercial law > Law on negotiable instrumentsFinance > Monetary economics > [...]...
56. Classes of Stock Resources See Also Stock...
57. Corporate Stock Resources See Also Stock...
58. Guaranteed Stock Resources See Also Stock...
59. Sole Of Exchange Bill of Exchange is considered here.......
60. Rationing Of Exchange An exchange control imposed by governmental authority to regulate transactions in foreign exchange. Under a rationing of exchange scheme, only the government may issue exchange to importers, and holders of bills of exchange denominated in a foreign currency must surrender them to the government in e......
61. Transaction Value Of Similar Goods Sold An alternative method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
62. Single Exchange-rate Policy Hierarchical Display of Single exchange-rate policy Finance > Monetary economics > Economic and Monetary UnionFinance > Monetary economics > Exchange policy Single exchange-rate policy Concept of Single exchange-rate policy See the dictionary definition of Single exchange-rate policy. [...]...
63. Cumulative Preferred Stock Resources See Also Stock...
64. Sogo Shosha A Japanese general trading company. Customarily, the term is used in connection with the largest of such companies. According to the Trade Business Statistics report for 1981 issued by the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry, there are over 8,500 trading companies operating in [...]...
65. Price Formation Hierarchical Display of Price formation Finance > Prices > Prices policyTrade > Trade > Supply and demandFinance > Prices > Market pricesBusiness And Competition > Competition > Competition policy > Competition Price formation Concept of Price formation See the dictionary [...]...
66. Bank Export Services Act A 1982 act of Congress that amends Federal banking laws to permit banks to acquire equity, up to 100 percent, in Export Trading Companies. The act forms Title II of the Export Trading Company Act. See export TRADING COMPANY ACT.......
67. Exchange Restriction Hierarchical Display of Exchange restriction Finance > Monetary economics > Exchange policy Exchange restriction Concept of Exchange restriction See the dictionary definition of Exchange restriction. Characteristics of Exchange restriction [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of [...]...
68. Foreign Exchange Foreign Exchange in International Trade Meaning of Foreign Exchange, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Current or liquid claims payable in foreign currency and in a foreign country (bank balances, checks, bills of exchange). Not to be confused with foreign [...]...
69. Arbitration Of Exchange Arbitration Of Exchange Summary of Arbitration Of Exchange The near- simultaneous purchase and sale of foreign bills of exchange so as to take advantage of price differentials for such instruments in different money centers.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Resources See Also [...]...
70. Letter Of Exchange An infrequently used synonym for bill of exchange (read here for further details).......
71. Eurobill Of Exchange A bill of exchange (read here for further details) drawn in a currency other than that used in the country of the maker.......
72. Sister Company Sister Company in International Trade Meaning of Sister Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sister company is a company with close affiliations to another company with a separate name and personnel. Both companies are owned by the same parent and [...]...
73. Market Capitalisation Hierarchical Display of Market capitalisation Finance > Free movement of capital > Financial market > Stock exchange > Stock-exchange listing Market capitalisation Concept of Market capitalisation See the dictionary definition of Market capitalisation. Characteristics of Market [...]...
74. Dual Exchange Market A governmentally mandated system for the handling of foreign exchange transactions under which officially sanctioned imports or other approved transactions are accommodated at a given, prescribed rate of exchange while other transactions employ the market rate of exchange. For a listing of countries......
75. Clean Bill of Exchange Any bill of exchange (read here for further details) not accompanied by documents, such as invoices, bills of lading, et cetera. See direct collection.......
76. Floating Exchange Rate Floating Exchange Rate in International Trade Meaning of Floating Exchange Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A rate of exchange that is determined by market forces. See also clean float and dirty float. Concept of Floating Exchange Rate An [...]...
77. Exchange Parity Hierarchical Display of Exchange parity Finance > Monetary economics > Exchange policy > Exchange rateIndustry > Iron, steel and other metal industries > Metals > Precious metal > Gold Exchange parity Concept of Exchange parity See the dictionary definition of Exchange parity. [...]...
78. Shell Company A "paper" company, usually operated without employees. Normally an attorney or other local agent or management company performs the legal duties of the company on behalf of the stockholders. Shell companies often operate in tax-free or low- tax jurisdictions such as Bermuda, Liechtenstein,......
79. Bill of Exchange Bill of Exchange in International Trade Meaning of Bill of Exchange, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An unconditional order in writing, signed by a creditor (drawer) such as a buyer, and addressed to another person (drawee), typically a bank, ordering [...]...
80. Exchange Risk Exchange Risk in International Trade Meaning of Exchange Risk, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The possibility of receiving less or paying more money because a receivable or a payable is denominated in a foreign currency. Countries with shortages of [...]...
81. Foreign Bill Of Exchange A bill of exchange (read here for further details) drawn in one state or country and payable in another.......
82. Prime Bill Of Exchange A bill of exchange (read here for further details) that states on its face that it arises from the sale of goods.......
83. Uniform Law On Bills Of Exchange A product of the 1932 Geneva Convention on Bills of Exchange. The object of the act was to standardize various national laws and usages relative to bills of exchange, thereby overcoming an impediment to rade. The act specifies that a bill of exchange must contain:1. The term bill of exch......
84. Spot Exchange Rate Spot Exchange Rate in International Trade Meaning of Spot Exchange Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The price of one currency expressed in terms of another currency at a given moment in time....
85. Payable With Exchange A condition that may be written on a bill of exchange or check, the effect of which is to stipulate that exchange conversion or collection costs shall be borne by the payee in the case of a bill, or the maker in the case of a check.......
86. Exchange Control The system by which a government regulates possession of and dealings in foreign exchange. The principal objective of exchange control is to allocate foreign exchange to necessary imports and expenditures. Normally, the finance ministry or central bank is invested with the authority to issue [...]...
87. Dollar Exchange A draft or bill of exchange, wherever drawn, payable in U.S. dollars.......
88. Premium (Exchange) In foreign exchange transactions, the rise in value of one currency when measured against another currrency.......
89. Wholesale Price Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
90. Exchange Rate Mechanism Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) and Europe There is an entry on exchange rate mechanism (erm) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
91. Wholesale Selling Hierarchical Display of Wholesale selling Trade > Marketing > Commercial transaction > SaleFinance > Prices > Market prices > Wholesale priceTrade > Distributive trades > Distributive trades > Wholesale trade Wholesale selling Concept of Wholesale selling See the dictionary definition [...]...
92. Offshore Trading Company Synonymous with foreign base trading company. See subpart f.......
93. Foreign-exchange Reserves Hierarchical Display of Foreign-exchange reserves Finance > Monetary relations > International financeIndustry > Iron, steel and other metal industries > Metals > Precious metal > GoldFinance > Monetary economics > Exchange policy > Foreign exchange market > Foreign currency [...]...
94. Wholesale Trade Resources See Also Price Policy Price Control Pricing Strategy Dumping...
95. Value Date The day on which foreign exchange will be delivered and paid for, usually two business days following the transaction.......
96. Gold Exchange Standard A condition in which a nation maintains its reserves in a currency convertible into gold rather than in the metal itself. Since August 15, 1971, the U.S. dollar has not been freely convertible into gold by foreign central banks; it therefore does not qualify as a reserve currency for a nation on a g......
97. Growth Company ContentsGrowth CompanyGrowth Company in the United StatesResourcesNotes and ReferencesSee Also Growth Company Growth Company in the United States There are ... Read more...
98. Scope of the Securities Exchange Legislation Scope of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934: Main Elements in the United States of America (In the U.S. law) The coverage of Scope of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 includes the following element(s): Securities Regulation For detailed information on this issue, please read the [...]...
99. Fixed Exchange Rate Concept of Fixed Exchange Rate An introductory definition of Fixed Exchange Rate is provided here: the rate of exchange of a currency or currency is set by agreement between governments or by government policy (see also gold standard) Resources See Also Foregin Policy Foreign Affairs...
100. State-Controlled Trading Company An instrumentality of a foreign government charged with the exclusive importation or exportation of a specific group of products. Such entities are most common in communist or centrally planned economies.......
101. Selling At A Loss Hierarchical Display of Selling at a loss Trade > Marketing > Commercial transaction > SaleFinance > Prices > Prices > Reduced price Selling at a loss Concept of Selling at a loss See the dictionary definition of Selling at a loss. Characteristics of Selling at a loss [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
102. Interbank Market A market for the purchase and sale in the spot and forward markets for foreign exchange among major commercial banks. Very often, these banks will offer to purchase or sell exchange through brokers, thereby initially protecting the identity of the market participants in a given currency at a point i......
103. Securities and Exchange Commission Spanish Translation of Securities and Exchange CommissionThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to Securities and Exchange Commission and / or a definition of this topic: Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary [...]...
104. Student Exchange Resources See Also Education Policy Training Policy...
105. EMS Exchange-rate Mechanism Hierarchical Display of EMS exchange-rate mechanism Finance > Monetary relations > European Monetary SystemEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Economic convergence > Convergence criteria EMS exchange-rate mechanism Concept of EMS exchange-rate mechanism See the dictionary [...]...
106. Common Unit of Exchange Concept of Common Unit of Exchange An introductory definition of Common Unit of Exchange is provided here: a currency in which international economic exchanges are valued Resources See Also Foregin Policy Foreign Affairs...
107. Exchange Control Restrictions Embracing mainstream international law, this section on exchange control restrictions explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "exchange control, restrictions" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
108. Scientific Exchange Hierarchical Display of Scientific exchange International Relations > Cooperation policy > Cooperation policy > Scientific cooperationSocial Questions > Culture and religion > Cultural policy > Cultural relationsProduction, Technology And Research > Research and intellectual property > [...]...
109. Blocked Exchange An exchange restriction, imposed by governmental authority, that forbids the unlicensed purchase of bills of exchange, currency, or negotiable instruments denominated in a foreign currency. The object of this measure is to prevent transmission of foreign currency reserves out of the country. [...]...
110. Dollar Bill Of Exchange Synonymous with Dollar Exchange (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
111. Multiple Exchange Rates Synonymous with Differential Exchange Rates (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
112. Exchange of Publications Hierarchical Display of Exchange of publications Education And Communications > Documentation > Documentation > Document acquisitionEducation And Communications > Information and information processing > Information > Exchange of information Exchange of publications Concept of Exchange of [...]...
113. Commodity Price Hierarchical Display of Commodity price Finance > Prices > PricesTrade > Trade policy > Market > Commodities marketTrade > International trade > International trade > Primary productTrade > International trade > Trade relations > Commodity agreement > Buffer stock Commodity price [...]...
114. Spot Market A market for commodities or currency in which the sale results in an immediate or nearly immediate exchange of the goods or instruments for cash, as compared with a futures market, which trades in contracts for the future delivery of the product.......
115. Exchange Controls Exchange Controls and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Exchange Controls: The rationing of foreign currencies and other instruments for settling international financial [...]...
116. Bank Holding Companies In the United States For information about bank holding companies in the context of international trade, click here...
117. Public Companies Public Companies In the United States, public companies are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of ... Read more...
118. Money Market Hierarchical Display of Money market Finance > Monetary economicsFinance > Monetary relations > Monetary relations > Currency areaFinance > Free movement of capital > Financial market Money market Concept of Money market See the dictionary definition of Money market. Characteristics of [...]...
119. ESA Agreement on the Protection and Exchange of Classified Information ContentsESA Agreement on the Protection and Exchange of Classified InformationTitle of TreatyAbout the Agreement about the Exchange of Classified InformationConclusionNotesSee ... Read more...
120. Pecuniary Exchange The settlement of obligations by payment of money, rather than by goods or services.......