Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Debt Financing and Capacity Literature Review on Debt Financing and Capacity In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Josephine M. LaPlante offers the following summary about the topic of Debt Financing and Capacity: Debt financing is a major means states and local governments use to pay [...]...
2. Financial Institution Mergers Financial Institution Acquisitions and Mergers regarding Banking Law This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Financial Institution Acquisitions and Mergers covered in connexion with financial law and banking / lending Institutions....
3. Pay-As-You-Go Literature Review on Pay-As-You-Go Financing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] David L. Baker offers the following summary about the topic of Pay-As-You-Go Financing: The following review of PAYGO financing unfolds through several sections. First, PAYGO [...]...
4. Tax Increment Financing Literature Review on Tax Increment Financing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Deborah A. Carroll offers the following summary about the topic of Tax Increment Financing: Tax increment financing (TIF) is an economic development tool and financial [...]...
5. Nonprofit Finance Literature Review on Nonprofit Organizations Financial Management In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Woods Bowman offers the following summary about the topic of Nonprofit Organizations Financial Management: The first half of this entry covers technical [...]...
6. State Supervision Literature Review on (Local Government) State Supervision of Budgets and Finance In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Julia Beckett offers the following summary about the topic of (Local Government) State Supervision of Budgets and Finance: States have the [...]...
7. Fiscal Sustainability Literature Review on Fiscal Sustainability In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jeffrey I. Chapman offers the following summary about the topic of Fiscal Sustainability: This entry analyzes the term "fiscal sustainability." In the analysis, it [...]...
8. Budgetary Decision Literature Review on Budgetary Decision Making: Logics in Theory and Practice In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Gerald J. Miller, Jonathan B. Justice and Iryna Illiash provide the following summary about the topic of Budgetary Decision Making: Logics in [...]...
9. Infrastructure Banks Literature Review on Infrastructure Banks In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Can Chen offers the following summary about the topic of Bond Banks, Infrastructure Banks, and State Revolving Funds: Traditional funding sources have not been able to meet the [...]...
10. Economic Development Financing Literature Review on Economic Development Financing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] William L. Waugh offers the following summary about the topic of Economic Development Financing: Economic development is a policy priority for most local, regional, and [...]...
11. Futures Literature Review on Futures and Options In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Greg Chen offers the following summary about the topic of Futures and Options: This entry discusses the concepts and practices of futures and options in the financial market. It [...]...
12. Self Financing Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
13. Deficit Financing Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
14. Working Capital Summary of Working Capital A measurement of a firm's liquidity, determined by the excess of current assets over current liabilities. The ratio so derived is the working capital ratio.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Literature Review on Working Capital In the Encyclopedia of [...]...
15. Foreign Base Finance Company It was a financing operation organized abroad (usually in a tax haven) that had as its main purpose the arranging of loans abroad in Eurocurrencies, almost always on behalf of its parent or affiliates.......
16. Public Finance Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Public Finance) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Public Finance) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Public Finance) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Public [...]...
17. Foreign Exchange Control Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
18. Offshore Finance Company Synonymous with Foreign Base Finance Company (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
19. Municipal Securities Literature Review on Municipal Securities In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Mark D. Robbins and Bill Simonsen provide the following summary about the topic of Municipal Securities: Governments borrow money for various reasons, including the need to [...]...
20. Fund Balance Literature Review on Accounting: Fund Balance and Net Position In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Dean Michael Mead offers the following summary about the topic of Fund Balance and Net Position in Accounting: Financial position—the status of a [...]...
21. Arbitrage Summary of Arbitrage The practice whereby foreign exchange or commodities are purchased in one market at lower cost and rapidly traded off in another, higher cost market. For example, if the pound sterling sells for $1.50 in Paris, but only $1.45 in New York, an arbitrageur could buy [...]...
22. Campaign Financing Campaign Financing or Finance in Election Law Financial resources needed to cover the costs of an election campaign, so that candidates may publicise their political programme. In democratic countries, campaign financing is regulated by law to ensure political independence and to provide equal [...]...
23. Cost Allocation Literature Review on Cost Allocation and Full-Price Costing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Josephine M. LaPlante offers the following summary about the topic of Cost Allocation and Full-Price Costing: State and local revenue from user [...]...
24. Monetary Transfer Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
25. Credit Enhancements Literature Review on Credit Enhancements In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Martin J. Luby and Tima T. Moldogaziev provide the following summary about the topic of Credit Enhancements: State and local governments often seek third-party credit enhancement as [...]...
26. Financing Programmed Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to financing programmed in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
27. European Economic and Monetary Union Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
28. Tax Administration Literature Review on Tax Administration In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] John L. Mikesell offers the following summary about the topic of Tax Administration: Tax administration defines tax policy. The manner in which a tax is implemented determines the [...]...
29. Food Subsidy Resources See Also Taxation Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation...
30. International Monetary Reform Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
31. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
32. Currency Currency in International Trade Meaning of Currency, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The circulating media of exchange in a country. Includes money and such financial instruments as checks. Resources See Also Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law [...]...
33. Capital Budgeting Literature Review on Capital Budgeting In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jane Beckett-Camarata offers the following summary about the topic of Capital Budgeting: This entry describes the state and local government capital budgeting process. It emphasizes [...]...
34. Accounting Standards International Accounting Standards International accounting standards are promulgated by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the International Standards Committee (IASC). The IASB is the the "independent standard-setting body" of the International Financial [...]...
35. Policy Diffusion Literature Review on Policy Diffusion In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Karen Mossberger offers the following summary about the topic of Policy Diffusion: Policy diffusion involves the spread of policy ideas across political jurisdictions. This entry [...]...
36. Aid Financing Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to aid financing in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
37. Risk Management Summary of Risk Management The application of management techniques to identify, quantify, and respond to threats of loss or damage to a firm's assets. Such threats may arise from random events such as fire, explosion, theft, and acts of nature, or from the conscious efforts of external [...]...
38. Debt Affordability Literature Review on Debt Affordability In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Bill Simonsen, Mark D. Robbins and Raymond Brown provide the following summary about the topic of Debt Affordability: Municipal bonds are an important way that state and local [...]...
39. Policy Values Literature Review on Policy Analysis and Values In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Steven A. Peterson offers the following summary about the topic of Policy Analysis and Values: Values structure policy analysis. This entry examines the role of individual [...]...
40. Win-Win Policy Literature Review on (Policy Making) Win-Win Policy Solutions In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Stuart S. Nagel offers the following summary about the topic of (Policy Making) Win-Win Policy Solutions: Win–win policy refers to public policy that is capable [...]...
41. Budget Stabilization Fund Literature Review on Budget Stabilization Fund In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Yilin Hou and Wen Wang provide the following summary about the topic of Budget Stabilization Fund: The budget stabilization fund (BSF), popularly called the "rainy-day [...]...
42. Public Investment Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
43. International Finance Corporation International Finance Corporation Outline The IFC is part of the World Bank. It came into force in 1956 pursuant to the Articles of Agreement of the International Finance Corporation of 1955. Its main function is to facilitate the supply of funds to private enterprises in order to encourage or [...]...
44. Organizational Culture Literature Review on Organizational Culture In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Craig Lundberg offers the following summary about the topic of Organizational Culture: To argue, as is the intent of this entry, that some aspects of cultures, under some [...]...
45. Feminist Comparative Policy Literature Review on (Policy Analysis) Feminist Comparative Policy In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Amy G. Mazur offers the following summary about the topic of (Policy Analysis) Feminist Comparative Policy: This entry maps out a new area of policy [...]...
46. Monetary System European Monetary System (ems) and Europe There is an entry on european monetary system (ems) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Monetary System (ems)" [...]...
47. Trade Union Fund Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
48. Joint Ventures In the United States For information about Joint ventures in the context of international trade, click here Literature Review on Joint Ventures In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Christopher Hawkins offers the following summary about the topic of Joint [...]...
49. Defense Policy Literature Review on (Defense and Military Policy) Casualty Aversion In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Yagil Levy offers the following summary about the topic of (Defense and Military Policy) Casualty Aversion: This entry describes the emergence of the [...]...
50. Evolutionary Theory Literature Review on Evolutionary Theory and Public Policy In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Steven A. Peterson offers the following summary about the topic of Evolutionary Theory and Public Policy: Evolutionary theory can inform policy discussion. This [...]...
51. James W. Fesler Literature Review on James W. Fesler In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Donald F. Kettl offers the following summary about the topic of James W. Fesler: Over the course of his career, James W. Fesler (1911–2005) made remarkable contributions to teaching, [...]...
52. Operations Research Literature Review on Operations Research In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] William L. Waugh offers the following summary about the topic of Operations Research: Operations research and management science techniques have been invaluable tools in many [...]...
53. Financial Reporting Traditionally, the function of financial reporting was to provide proprietors with information about the companies that they owned and operated. Once the delegation of managerial responsibilities to hired personnel became a common practice, financial reporting began to focus on stewardship, [...]...
54. Financial Condition Literature Review on Financial Condition In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jane Beckett-Camarata offers the following summary about the topic of Financial Condition: This entry describes local government financial condition, its importance, and discusses [...]...
55. Financial Emergencies Literature Review on Financial Emergencies In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jane Beckett-Camarata offers the following summary about the topic of Financial Emergencies: This entry provides a comprehensive description of local government financial [...]...
56. Financial Statement Literature Review on Financial Statement Analysis In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Martin Ives offers the following summary about the topic of Financial Statement Analysis: Financial statement analysis allows the analyst to assess an entity's [...]...
57. Financial System Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
58. Financial Law Spanish Translation of financial lawThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to financial law and / or a definition of this topic: Derecho Financiero (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
59. Financial Accounting Financial accounting includes information disseminated to parties that are not part of the enterprise proper—stockholders, creditors, customers, suppliers, regulatory commissions, financial analysts, and trade associations—although the information is also of interest to the [...]...
60. Financial Paper Short-term, unsecured promissory notes issued by finance companies. The funds raised by the sale of financial paper are loaned out to commercial firms to finance inventories and current receivables.......
61. Financial Risk The risk borne by an exporter that his foreign customer may be unable or unwilling to pay for the merchandise purchased; the financial risk relates purely to commercial considerations and not to such "political" risks as expropriation or inconvertibility of currency.......
62. Financial Solidarity A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
63. Financial Crises Financial Crises Further ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Financial Crises , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Financial Crises , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) ...
64. Financial Asset Spanish Translation of financial assetThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to financial asset and / or a definition of this topic: Activo Financiero (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
65. Financial Income Spanish Translation of financial incomeThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to financial income and / or a definition of this topic: Renta Financiera (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
66. Financial Sanctions Financial Sanctions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On October 11, 2011, FinCEN issued a final rule to implement section 104(e) of CISADA. 76 Fed. Reg. 62,607 (Oct. 11, 2011). This final rule [...]...
67. Financial Services Financial Services and the World Trade Organization Financial Services in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. European Passport and Europe There is an entry on european passport in the European legal encyclopedia. This section provides an overview of financial [...]...
68. Financial Rules Sec Rules Implementing Dodd-frank in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Sec Rules Implementing Dodd-frank: (As reviewed in this legal encyclopedia in relation to international law issues in the year 2012) at 410-12, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission [...]...
69. Financial Engineering Distributed Parameter Systems Control and Its Applications to Financial Engineering, the Law and other Social Sciences The chapter analyzes differential flatness theory for the control of single asset and multi-asset option price dynamics, described by PDE models. Through these control [...]...
70. Financial Inclusion Financial Inclusion, Content, and Information Technologies in Latin America, the Law and other Social Sciences While the current scientific literature is quite scarce for most of the developing world, several leading researchers have made great strides in understanding the role of cyber [...]...
71. Financial Investing Applying Artificial Intelligence to Financial Investing, the Law and other Social Sciences Artificial intelligence techniques have long been applied to financial investing scenarios to determine market inefficiencies, criteria for credit scoring, and bankruptcy prediction, to name a few. While [...]...
72. Financial Regulation Financial Regulation in International Economic Law In international economic law, financial regulation includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> International Standards Banking Core Principles Insurance Core Principles Standards for Market Actors...
73. Financial Stability This section provides an overview of financial stability within the legal context of Recognised Policies Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, with coverage of Protecting Domestic Policy Space (Principles). Resources Further Reading Nina Reiser, "Financial [...]...
74. Financial Instruments Financial Instruments in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to financial instruments on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
75. Financial Loss Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to financial loss in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
76. Financial Policy Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
77. Financial Administration Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law...
78. Financial Management Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law...
79. Financial Sector Resources See Also Saving Loan Deregulation...
80. Financial Market Resources See Also Trade Market White Market Financial Market Trade Law Competition Law...
81. Financial Accounting Standards Board A private, non-profit organization concerned with formulating standards for financial accounting and reporting by U.S. industry. The FASB is independent of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and other professional bodies. In 1973 the FASB succeeded the Accounting Principl......
82. Financial Resource Management Literature Review on (Local Government) Financial Resource Management In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Kenneth A. Klase offers the following summary about the topic of (Local Government) Financial Resource Management: Financial resource management in [...]...
83. Financial Stability Board Financial Stability Board (FSB) This section provides an overview of financial stability board (fsb) within the legal context of Monetary Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Eva Hüpkes, "Financial Stability Board [...]...
84. Financial Action Task Force Financial Action Task Force (FATF) This section provides an overview of financial action task force (fatf) within the legal context of Monetary Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Riccardo Sansonetti, "Financial Action Task [...]...
85. Financial Leasing (Uniform Law) Financial Leasing (Uniform Law) in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to financial leasing (uniform law) on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international [...]...
86. Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No 52 A set of accounting rules governing offshore and multicurrency transactions, adopted in 1981 and mandatory for use by December 15, 1984. FASB 52 replaces Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 8 (read this and re......
87. Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No 8 A far-reaching and controversial pronouncement by the Financial Accounting Standards Board governing accounting practices used by American firms in transactions involving foreign currencies. The pronouncement, known commonly as FASB 8, came into effect for fiscal years beginning January 1, 1976. Am......
88. Aid Institution Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to aid institution in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
89. Brookings Institution Brookings Institution in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Brookings Institution: An independent research organization, founded in 1927, specializing in economics, government, foreign policy, [...]...
90. Charitable Institution From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Charitable Institution (1): An institution that limits its benefactions to the members of a particular denomination is, in the absence of a statute to the contrary, a charitable institution.604 This rule has exceptions.605 Resources [...]...
91. Lending Institution Banking and Lending Institution Forms in relation with Consumer Lending This content deals with legal and regulatory aspects of Banking and Lending Institution Forms covered in connexion with Consumer Lending and banking / lending Institutions....
92. Rural Institution Resources See Also Credit Union Cooperative Collective...
93. Educational Institution Resources See Also Educational Infrastructure Education Equal Education...
94. Welfare Institution Resources See Also Social Service Social Work Social Worker...
95. Training Institution Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
96. Financial Aid Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to financial aid in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
97. Social Institution Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to social institution in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
98. Financial Times Financial Times In the words of Professor Michael Simkovic: “While some leading business and financial newspapers have adulterated their coverage ... Read more...
99. Financial Crime ContentsFinancial CrimeImpact of Illicit Financial FlowsThe principles of Fraud and Financial Crime InvestigationProceeds of Crime, Money Laundering and Financial Investigation ... Read more...
100. Customer Protection in Financial Services Spanish Translation of customer protection in financial servicesThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to customer protection in financial services and / or a definition of this topic: Protección del Cliente de los Servicios Financieros (in Spanish, without [...]...
101. Online Financial Transactions The Conduct and Regulation of Internet commerce in the Context of Internet Law Read, in this legal Encyclopedia, about the topic of this section, and, specially, about Online Financial Transactions and Payment Mechanisms...
102. Asian Financial Crisis Asian Financial Crisis (1997–98) Note: there is more information on the Asian/Chinese legal Encyclopedia. Notion of of Asian Financial Crisis (1997–98): Triggered by the collapse of the Thai baht, the crisis threatened to lead to global economic meltdown, but was ultimately limited [...]...
103. Targeted Financial Sanctions U.S. Targeted Financial Sanctions Implementing Security Council Resolutions in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to U.S. Targeted Financial Sanctions Implementing Security Council Resolutions: (1) Overview The United States implements its counterterrorism [...]...
104. Annual Financial Reports Literature Review on Popular Annual Financial Reports (PAFR) In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Joy A. Clay offers the following summary about the topic of Popular Annual Financial Reports (PAFR): Popular reporting has become a means of providing important [...]...
105. Consolidated Financial Statements Resources See Also Consolidated tax return...
106. Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing ContentsUnidroit Convention on International Financial LeasingConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Unidroit Convention on ... Read more...
107. Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing 2 Contents Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Unidroit ... Read more...
108. Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing 3 Contents Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Unidroit ... Read more...
109. International Financial Institutions International Financial Institutions Find out, in this world legal encyclopedia, additional information relating to International Financial Institutions ....
110. Society For Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications An organization, commonly known as SWIFT, established in 1977 by the international banking community to facilitate transactions among member banks. The SWIFT system is a data processing network for the purpose of remitting and collecting funds among the members. Banks interface with the system throu......
111. Finance Literature Review on Finance: Activity-Based Costing (ABC) In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Thomas Buttross and George Schmelzle provide the following summary about the topic of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in Finance: This entry is meant to provide the [...]...
112. Finance Seasonality Literature Review on Finance Seasonality In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Daniel Williams offers the following summary about the topic of Finance Seasonality: This entry defines seasonality. Seasonality is relevant to all time-variant data and may affect [...]...
113. Finance Analysis Literature Review on Spatial Finance Analysis In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Ray Gonzales offers the following summary about the topic of Spatial Finance Analysis: This entry explores the idea of housing choice as it was envisioned by Charles Tiebout. [...]...
114. Fire Insurance Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
115. Fideicommissary Substitutions ContentsFideicommissary SubstitutionsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Fideicommissary Substitutions Fideicommissary substitutions were, before the ... Read more...
116. First Amendment: Finding Jefferson ContentsFirst Amendment: Finding JeffersonConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries First Amendment: Finding Jefferson In ... Read more...
117. Finality in Criminal Law and Federal Habeas Corpus for State Prisoners ContentsFinality in Criminal Law and Federal Habeas Corpus for State PrisonersConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Finality ... Read more...
118. Fiduciary ContentsFiduciarySee AlsoIntroduction to FiduciaryResourcesNotes and References Fiduciary Fiduciary, person standing in a special relationship of trust, confidence, or responsibility to ... Read more...
119. Fiat Money Currency that has value only because the state that issues it declares it to be legal tender; money that has no intrinsic value beyond the faith of the government that issues it. Paper money not freely exchangeable for gold or silver is fiat money. The term is often associated with regimes which ha......
120. Fiat Standard A monetary system in which the money in circulation is not redeemable in any other form of money (e.g., gold) but has value simply by virtue of its issuance by governmental authority.......