Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Development Finance Development Finance The U.S. Office of Development Finance The Office of Development Finance, part of the The Bureau of Economic ... Read more...
2. International organizations articles of conventions Contents International Organizations articles of conventions Agreement Establishing the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 29.5.1990 Convention Establishing the Multilateral ... Read more...
3. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ebrd) and Europe There is an entry on european bank for reconstruction and development (ebrd) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Union Resources See Also World Bank Bank [...]...
4. Bank Holding Companies In the United States For information about bank holding companies in the context of international trade, click here...
5. United Nations and Economic Development Functions of the UN: Economic and Social Development Economic DevelopmentIntroduction to United Nations and Economic DevelopmentThe UN operates under the principle that promoting economic and social development will help bring about lasting world peace. The organization's chart......
6. International Trade Center International Trade Center (ITC) This section provides an overview of international trade center (itc) within the legal context of Development Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations [...]...
7. Development Institutions Development Institutions in International Economic Law In international economic law, development institutions includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> World Bank Group (WBG) Regional Development Banks (IDB) International Trade Center (ITC) [...]...
8. Bank Export Services In the United States For information about Bank Export Services in the context of international trade, click here...
9. International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes: An international agency affiliated [...]...
10. United Nations Development Program Introduction to United Nations Development Program United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), permanent arm of the United Nations General Assembly. The conference, established in December 1964, followed an earlier meeting in which 120 nations participated in discussions of [...]...
11. Organization For European Economic Cooperation Organization For European Economic Cooperation Summary of Organization For European Economic Cooperation A post-World War II organization established to coordinate the reconstruction of Europe. The OEEC arose in response to an Anglo-French declaration in 1947 calling for European [...]...
12. International Development Association International Development Association Outline The IDA is one of the two affiliates of the World Bank. It came into existence in 1962 under the Articles of Agreement of the International Development Association of 1960. Its main function is to provide loans on more favourable and flexible terms [...]...
13. Regional Cooperation for Development Regional Cooperation for Development (RCD) in International Trade Resources See Also Economic Cooperation Organization....
14. Inter-American Development Bank Summary of Inter-American Development Bank A multinational development bank established in 1959 to promote economic and social development in Latin American member countries. The bank is owned by its forty-three member countries, of which twenty-seven are regional, i.e., Western Hemisphere [...]...
15. Development International Law – Part 15 Contents Development International Law – Part 15   140 The New ICRC Study on Customary International humanitarian law as an ... Read more...
16. International Trade Organizations Contents International Trade Organizations Introduction This entry concentrates on the structure, role and competence of the World Trade Organization (WTO) ... Read more...
17. Export-lmport Bank of the United States Export-lmport Bank of the United States (Eximbank) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export-lmport Bank of the United States (Eximbank): A public corporation created by executive order of the [...]...
18. List of United Nations Cross References List of United Nations Cross References Economic and Social Council General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade International Bank for Reconstruction ... Read more...
19. International Economic Institutions Institutions Related to International Economic Law In international economic law, institutions related to international economic law includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> International Labour Organization (ILO) Food and Agriculture Organization [...]...
20. United Nations Economic and Social Development Functions of the UN: Economic and Social DevelopmentIntroduction to United Nations Economic and Social DevelopmentThe second major function of the UN is to promote economic and social development worldwide. The UN engages in a myriad of activities and sponsors a large number of age......
21. Correspondent Bank Summary of Correspondent Bank A bank that acts as the representative of another bank in a given transaction. As a rule, correspondents have sums on deposit with each other for the purpose of settling the transactions of the other bank.(Main Author: William J. Miller) [...]...
22. International Natural Rubber Organization International Natural Rubber Organization in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Natural Rubber Organization: An international commodity organization (Sec.l)formed in 1980 to [...]...
23. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, abbreviated as OECD and based in Paris (FR), is an international organisation of 35 countries committed to democracy and the market economy. The forerunner to the OECD was [...]...
24. Development International Law – Part 19 Contents Development International Law – Part 19   172 INTERNATIONAL LAW AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: PAST ACHIEVEMENTS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES Melissa ... Read more...
25. International Organizations Cross References International Organizations Cross-References International Organizations are Institutions which have membership from several states, and they are usually international in scope. ... Read more...
26. Bank Guarantee Bank Guarantee in International Trade Meaning of Bank Guarantee, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract between a bank (as guarantor) and a beneficiary, in which a bank commits itself to pay a certain amount of money under certain specified [...]...
27. United Nations Capital Development Fund Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
28. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
29. Central Bank The principal monetary authority of a nation. In most commercially developed nations the central bank issues the currency and acts as banker for the government and the nation's commercial banks. By setting the rate at which it will lend money to commercial banks, the central bank [...]...
30. Bank Draft Bank Draft in International Trade Meaning of Bank Draft, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A payment order from a bank, similar to a cashier's cheque. A bank draft is considered cash and cannot be returned unpaid....
31. WTO WTO in International Trade Meaning of Wto, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Trade Organization was established by the Uruguay Round in 1995 as successor to the GATT (General Agreement o Tariffs and Trade), the WTO is the only global organization [...]...
32. International law index U Contents International law index U   Ultimatum Underwater Cultural Heritage Unfriendly Act UNIDROIT Unification and Harmonization of Laws Uniform Sales ... Read more...
33. Bank Export Services Act A 1982 act of Congress that amends Federal banking laws to permit banks to acquire equity, up to 100 percent, in Export Trading Companies. The act forms Title II of the Export Trading Company Act. See export TRADING COMPANY ACT.......
34. International Energy Agency Summary of International Energy Agency An autonomous group within the organization for Economic Cooperation And Development (read this and related legal terms for further details) established in 1974 to coordinate the responses of the developed, oil-importing countries to the 1973 oil [...]...
35. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency: An independent agency of the World Bank group established in 1988 to [...]...
36. International trade law Part 26 Contents International Trade law Part 26   267 International environmental law attempts to be “mutually supportive” with International trade law ... Read more...
37. Asian Development Bank Summary of Asian Development Bank A multilateral development bank formed in 1966 to provide capital to Asian and Pacific countries to expand their economic infrastructure and industrial base. Capital is contributed to the bank by its members, which include both regional, i.e., Asian, and [...]...
38. African Development Bank African Development Bank Outline The agreement to establish the AfDB came into existence in 1964, and the bank began to operate in 1966. Its membership is open to both African and non-African countries. There are about 75 members in the bank. As a regional development bank, the AfDB provides [...]...
39. International Fund for Agricultural Development International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD): A specialized agency of the United Nations [...]...
40. Development International Law – Part 18 Contents Development International Law – Part 18   162 THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DOCTRINES OF ATTRIBUTION AND DUE DILIGENCE ... Read more...
41. International trade law Part 24 Contents International Trade law Part 24   249 The ABCs and NTBs of GMOs: The Great European Union-United States Trade ... Read more...
42. IMF The International Monetary Fund, abbreviated as IMF, is an international organisation, at present counting 188 member countries, with the mission to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic [...]...
43. Central American Bank for Economic Integration Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
44. Islamic Development Bank A multinational development bank formed by Muslim countries to provide economic development assistance to member states, and to foster economic progress in Muslim communities in nonmember states. The financing practices of the bank are conducted in conformity with the principles and laws of Islam. T......
45. Interamerican Development Bank Contents Interamerican Development Bank Interamerican Development Bank as an U.S. State Statute Topic This term is one of the topics ... Read more...
46. Caribbean Development Bank Embracing mainstream international law, this section on caribbean development bank explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
47. Bank For International Settlements Bank For International Settlements Summary of Bank For International Settlements An international bank owned and controlled by the central banks of twenty-four European and five non-European central banks. The BIS was formed at the Hague Conference of 1930 in response to pressures for the [...]...
48. International Investment Bank A multinational development bank, membership of which is comprised of the Soviet Union and its allies. The bank was formed in 1970 to foster "economic efficiency and intensification" in the member states. The authorized capital of the bank is 1,071,300,000 transferable rubles, of which 374......
49. International Bank For Economic Cooperation A clearinghouse for international settlements among COMECON members established at Moscow in 1963. The object of the bank was to eliminate the need for strict bilateral settlement of trade balances among members by use of accounts in "transferable rubles." The tranferable ruble, however, h......
50. African Development Bank Sanctions Procedures Contents African Development Bank Sanctions Procedures Text  Background 1.1.  The mandate of the African Development Bank Group, which comprises the African ... Read more...
51. International Finance Corporation International Finance Corporation Outline The IFC is part of the World Bank. It came into force in 1956 pursuant to the Articles of Agreement of the International Finance Corporation of 1955. Its main function is to facilitate the supply of funds to private enterprises in order to encourage or [...]...
52. International Monetary Fund International Monetary Fund Outline The UN Monetary and Financial Conference met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, from 1 to 20 July 1944. The Bretton Woods Agreement announced the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for [...]...
53. International Law Development Functions of the UN: Development of International LawIntroduction to International Law DevelopmentThe UN plays an important role in the development of international law. Formally, the UN can produce international law in two ways. Security Council resolutions are binding on all UN m......
54. International Development Law Embracing mainstream international law, this section on international development law explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "development law, international" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary [...]...
55. Development Bank Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
56. Industrial Reconstruction Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
57. International Development Research Center Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
58. African Development Bank Group A multilateral development organization, the first component of which, the African Development Bank, was created in 1963 under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. The group provides funding to African states and multinational official bodies in Africa to advance indust......
59. International Maritime Organization Summary of International Maritime Organization A specialized agency of the United Nations concerned with maritime safety and protection of the marine environment. The IMO was created as the result of the United Nations Maritime Conference of 1948; the convention creating the IMO did not, [...]...
60. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development (OECD) Summary of Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development An association of industrial countries formed in 1961 to promote the economic well-being of its member countries while contributing to the development of the world [...]...
61. World Bank World Bank and the World Bank Group Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including World Bank , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including World Bank , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) [...]...
62. International Development Agenda 21 and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Agenda 21 provided by the European Union Commission: Agenda 21 stands for "Agenda for the 21st Century". It is a declaration from the Earth Summit (UN Conference on the Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro [...]...
63. International Development Banks Resources See Also World Bank Bank Regulation History of Banking Functions of the World Bank...
64. International Air Transport Association International Air Transport Association Outline The IATA was founded in 1945 in Havana under the agreement of the 1944 International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago. The IATA replaced the International Air Traffic Association set up in 1919 in The Hague. It is a non-governmental [...]...
65. International Civil Aviation Organization International Civil Aviation Organization Outline The ICAO came into existence in 1947 pursuant to an international agreement signed in 1944 in Chicago. The Chicago Convention sets out international standards and recommended practices for international civil aviation. The ICAO was founded to [...]...
66. International Maritime Satellite Organization International Maritime Satellite Organization Outline INMARSAT was established in 1979 pursuant to an international convention made in 1976 by the members of IMO: see 2.57. Its membership is open to any country. Its main task is to improve and coordinate maritime satellite communications [...]...
67. International Tin Council International Tin Council Outline The International Tin Agreement was made for the purpose of stabilising the price of tin on the world markets. The first agreement was made in 1953 and came into operation in 1956. This agreement expired in 1961. It was followed by five agreements between 19......
68. International Trade Centre International Trade Centre Outline The ITC is a governmental body operating under the joint auspices of GATT and UNCTAD. It initially came into existence in 1964 as an organization supported by GATT and came under the joint auspices of GATT and UNCTAD in 1968. Its main function is to promote......
69. International Wheat Council International Wheat Council Outline The first International Wheat Agreement, which was made in 1933, set out export quotas to control the wheat market. The agreement came to an end in 1935. The International Wheat Council was set up in 1942. Its headquarters are in London. Another Internatio......
70. United Nations Industrial Development Organization Introduction to United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), international agency established by the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) in 1966 to promote industrialization in developing nations. The organization offers [...]...
71. Agency For International Development A component of the united states international DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
72. International Cocoa Agreement And International Cocoa Organization International Cocoa Agreement and International Cocoa Organization OutlineThe International Cocoa Agreement has been made for the purpose of stabilising the cocoa market and preventing excessive fluctuations in the prices of cocoa. The first agreement was made in the 1972 UN Cocoa Conferenc......
73. Bank of International Settlements Bank of International Settlements (BIS) This section provides an overview of bank of international settlements (bis) within the legal context of Monetary Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Pierre Panchaud, "Bank of [...]...
74. Holocaust Victims of Bank Theft V Magyar Nemzeti Bank Holocaust Victims of Bank Theft v Magyar Nemzeti Bank in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On February 18, 2011, the United States filed a statement of interest in a case in federal district court in [...]...
75. Dismissal of the Claims Against Erste Bank Group Ag and Mkb Bank Dismissal of the Claims Against Erste Bank Group ag and Mkb Bank in This Action Would be in the Foreign Policy Interest of the United States in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Austria is an [...]...
76. International Organizations Introduction An International Organization can be defined, following the International Law Commission, as an "organization established by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law and possessing its own international legal [...]...
77. International Bauxite Association See the International Commodity Organization.......
78. International Coffee Organization See the International Commodity Organization.......
79. International Commodity Organization An organization of the producing nations of a particular commodity. The principal motive for the organization is to foster price collaboration among the producers; the organization may establish buffer stocks to prevent wide swings in the market price of the commodity. The principal [...]...
80. International Cotton Advisory Committee See the International Commodity Organization.......
81. International Sugar Organization See the International Commodity Organization.......
82. International Trade Commission For more details on United States International Trade Commission, click here.......
83. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Conference On Trade And Development (UNCTAD) Introduction to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, permanent arm of the United Nations General Assembly. The conference, established in December 1964, followed [...]...
84. International Economic Law Legal Issues International economic law is more likely to fall under the rubric of public international law, as it deals with international economic relationships between states. See, for example, Petersmann, 'International Economic Theory and International Economic Law: On the Tasks of a [...]...
85. International Atomic Energy Agency International Atomic Energy Agency Outline The IAEA was founded in 1957 as an agency of the UN. It is directly accountable to the General Assembly of the UN. Its main task is to prevent and monitor radiation hazards. Because of the potential abuse of atomic energy, the IAEA works closely with [...]...
86. International Chamber of Commerce International Chamber Of Commerce International Chamber of Commerce Outline The ICC was established in 1919 as a non-governmental organization. Its main purposes are to facilitate international trade and commerce, serve the needs of the international business community (for example, in 1989 [...]...
87. International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union Outline The ITU was established in 1865 in Paris. It became a specialized agency of the UN in 1947. Its main function is to coordinate international cooperation in the area of telecommunications. It promotes international cooperation through various [...]...
88. International Telecommunications Satellite Organization International Telecommunications Satellite Organization OutlineINTELSAT was established pursuant to the Agreement Relating to the International Telecommunication Satellite Organization of 1971, which entered into force in 1973. A country should become a member of the ITU before becoming a m......
89. International Organization Introduction to International Organization International Organization, a membership group that operates across national borders for specific purposes. Scholars of international relations consider international organizations to have growing importance in world politics. Examples of [...]...
90. International Labour Organization ILO – International Labour Organization Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including International Labour Organization , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including [...]...
91. International Trade Organization International Trade Organization (ITO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Trade Organization (ITO): (Not to be confused with Multilateral Trade "Organization, Sec. I). An [...]...
92. International Organization for Standardization International Organization for Standardization; sometimes referred to as the International Standards Organization (ISO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Organization for [...]...
93. Issuing Bank Issuing Bank in International Trade Meaning of Issuing Bank, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The buyer's bank which establishes a letter of credit at the request of the buyer, in favour of the beneficiary (exporter/seller). Also called buyer's [...]...
94. International Organization for Migration International Organization for Migration (IOM) Introduction Established in 1951, the International Organization for Migration is the leading intergovernmental organization in the field of migration. With 157 member states, an additional 10 states holding observer status, and offices in over [...]...
95. Industrial Bank Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
96. Development International Law – Part 2 Contents Development International Law – Part 2   5 Introduction Law and Development Review Volume 4, Number 2, 2011 LAW ... Read more...
97. Development International Law – Part 3 Contents Development International Law – Part 3   13 “SPORTS LAW”: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL, COMPARATIVE, AND NATIONAL ... Read more...
98. Development International Law – Part 4 Contents Development International Law – Part 4   23 Investment Treaty Arbitration and the Development of International Investment Law as ... Read more...
99. Development International Law – Part 5 Contents Development International Law – Part 5   41 The Application of Human Rights Treaties in the Development of Domestic ... Read more...
100. Development International Law – Part 6 Contents Development International Law – Part 6   54 Sustainable Development in International and National Law – Edited by Hans ... Read more...
101. Development International Law – Part 7 Contents Development International Law – Part 7   66 The Politics of Law: How Competing Politics Influence the Development of ... Read more...
102. Development International Law – Part 9 Contents Development International Law – Part 9   89 Riding the Tiger: A Comparison of Intellectual Property Rights in the ... Read more...
103. Development International Law – Part 11 Contents Development International Law – Part 11   112 Penetrating the Zombie Collective: Spam as an International Security Issue Andrea ... Read more...
104. Development International Law – Part 12 Contents Development International Law – Part 12   117 INTERNATIONAL LEGAL DEVELOPMENT: THE “COMPLEX PROBLEM”OF CUSTOMS LAW AND ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM ... Read more...
105. Development International Law – Part 14 Contents Development International Law – Part 14   134 PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION IN EGYPT BRONWEN JONES Bio-Science Law Review Volume ... Read more...
106. Development International Law – Part 16 Contents Development International Law – Part 16   147 The International Court of Justice and the development of international law ... Read more...
107. Development International Law – Part 17 Contents Development International Law – Part 17   158 UNHCR’s Contribution to the Development of International Refugee Law: Its Foundations ... Read more...
108. Development International Law – Part 20 Contents Development International Law – Part 20   185 Prospects for Principles of International Sustainable Development Law after the WSSD: ... Read more...
109. Development International Law – Part 21 Contents Development International Law – Part 21   196 The Development of a ProLaw Journal / Law Reviewol on Energy ... Read more...
110. Development International Law – Part 22 Contents Development International Law – Part 22   201 Multilateral Development Banking: Environmental Principles and Concepts Reflecting General International Law ... Read more...
111. Development International Law – Part 23 Contents Development International Law – Part 23   212 Compensation Versus Colonization: A Common Heritage Approach to the Use of ... Read more...
112. Development International Law – Part 24 Contents Development International Law – Part 24   221 Boyle, Alan, and David Freestone. International Law and Sustainable Development: Past ... Read more...
113. European Investment Bank Summary of European Investment Bank A multilateral development bank established in 1958 by the Treaty of Rome for the purpose of assisting in the balanced growth of the European economic community (read this and related legal terms for further details) (EEC). The bank grants long-term loans [...]...
114. International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes Summary of International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes An international agency affiliated with the World Bank and serving as a forum for the resolution of international investment disputes. The center was established [...]...
115. International Lead and Zinc Study Group See the International Commodity Organization.......
116. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law United Nations Commission On International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Outline The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law was set up in 1966 by the General Assembly of the United Nations to deal with conflicts of national laws [...]...
117. World Bank Group World Bank Group in International Trade Meaning of World Bank Group, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Bank Group is a specialized United Nations agency dedicated to improving living standards in developing countries through facilitation and [...]...
118. Economic Reconstruction Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
119. International Coffee Agreement And International Coffee Organization International Coffee Agreement and International Coffee Organization OutlineThe International Coffee Agreement was made for the purpose of regulating coffee markets, preventing excessive fluctuation in coffee prices and ensuring an adequate supply to the markets. There had been a number of ......
120. Intergovernmental Organizations A list of some Intergovernmental Organizations is the following: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization ( CTBTO ) Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) Global Environment Facility ( GEF ) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) International Atomic [...]...