Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Carousel Voting Carousel Voting in Election Law A method of vote rigging which involves multiple voting, in particular when voters are transported to different polling stations so that they can cast their votes for the same candidate or the same list more than once. Another example is voters using a ballot [...]...
2. Protest Vote Protest Vote in Election Law A voter's choice that expresses his or her dissatisfaction or mistrust of the candidates in the race or of the election process itself. A protest vote may take the form of a blank or spoilt ballot in the ballot box, or a vote for a candidate who has no chance [...]...
3. Voting Preference Voting in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: A ranked ballot or preferential voting system is a type of voting system in which each voter casts their vote by ranking candidates in order of preference. 'Bandwagon' Voting in Election Law Voting for [...]...
4. Votes Single Non-transferable Vote (sntv) in Election Law Electoral system in which the voter is asked to vote for a single candidate in a multi-member district represented by several seats. The candidates who receive the most votes are declared winners. In this type of system, electors vote for [...]...
5. Voter Information Voter Information in Election Law A process of giving relevant factual information about an election process on a timely basis. This includes when, where and how voters will vote. When this is done during the preparatory stages of an election, particularly a general election, it aids [...]...
6. Cumulative Voting Cumulative Voting in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: A semiproportional system of voting in which each voter has as many votes as there are seats to fill, but each voter may give all of his/her votes to one candidates, or split them up as s/he desires. Cumulative [...]...
7. Optical Mark Recognition Optical Mark Recognition (omr) Device in Election Law A scanner that can read specific marks in a defined set of locations on a page. The computer software used by an OMR scanner is programmed to recognise the meaning of the various marks and to convert scanned images into computer-readable [...]...
8. Absentee Vote Absentee Vote or Ballot in Election Law Method by which a person may vote without going to the polling station on election day. Depending on national laws, the voter has a certain period of time during which he or she can obtain a ballot before the election. The ballot paper is filled out and [...]...
9. Election Process Election Process in Election Law Set of legal measures and concrete operations needed to hold an election. A starting point may be a writ or decree calling voters to vote in a particular election and may require the adoption of an electoral law. The election process includes voter [...]...
10. Alternative Vote Majority (Alternative Vote Method) in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: This majority system is based upon, full, standard, and preferential voting. Accordingly electors are required to number all candidates in order of preference. A candidate requires an absolute [...]...
11. Voters Unbalanced Distribution of Voters in Election Law Situation in which certain constituencies/ districts are overpopulated while others are underpopulated. This happens when electoral boundaries are not updated to reflect demographic trends or are deliberately manipulated so as to influence [...]...
12. Polling Political Campaign How Campaigns are Conducted Polling Introduction to Polling Surveys of voter opinion provide the raw material of modern political campaigns. Political consultants use this information to run campaigns that closely resemble the efforts of businesses to market produc......
13. Limited Voting Limited Voting in Election Law Voting system used in multi-member constituencies. Voters have more than one vote but fewer votes than the number of seats to be filled. The candidates with the most votes get elected, but not necessarily with absolute majority. Under a variant of Limited Vote [...]...
14. Open Voting Open Voting in Election Law Situation whereby a voter casts his or her vote in front of everybody in the polling station, meaning the vote is no longer secret. This may happen due to a voter's own carelessness (does not fold his or her ballot paper when leaving the polling booth or simply [...]...
15. Constituency Ad Hoc Electoral Constituency in Election Law Constituency established specifically for one particular election, which is therefore redefined periodically. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
16. Voter Eligible Voter in Election Law Individual who satisfies the legal requirements to participate in an election. These requirements are usually related to nationality, age, mental health, etc. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
17. Vote Ordinal Vote in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: A rank ordering of votes for either candidates or parties....
18. Vote System Block Vote System in Election Law A plurality/majority system used in multi-member districts in which electors have as many votes as there are candidates to be elected. Voting is candidate centred. The candidates with the highest total number of votes win the seats. Resources See Also [...]...
19. Nomination Introduction to Nomination Nomination, in politics, the formal selection and presentation of a candidate for an elective office. Four principal methods of nomination have been used in the U.S.: nomination by political convention, by primary election, by caucus, and by petition. Before 1800 c......
20. Reader Optical Reader in Election Law Machine to scan and identify prerecorded data. In an election, this technology can be used to read the ticks or other signs marked on a ballot paper by voters to indicate their choice of candidate(s). An optical reader can also be used to process voter [...]...
21. Candidate Candidate, person who seeks or is nominated for an office, prize, or honor. In politics, candidates aspire to be elected to office by conducting campaigns. (1) Candidate in Election Law Any person who aspires to public office and fulfills the eligibility criteria set by the Election Management [...]...
22. Spoilt Spoilt Ballot in Election Law A ballot which is invalid due to printing irregularities, tearing or ink stains or that is damaged in any other way, for example if the voter makes a mistake. Spoilt ballots are set aside and cannot be used in the vote. (See: Discarded ballot). Resources See Also [...]...
23. Targeting Targeting and International Trade Economy Resources See Also industrial targeting...
24. Postal Vote Postal Vote in Election Law Process by which a voter exercises his or her right to vote from home by sending in his or her ballot by mail. It implies previous identification of the voter. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
25. Proxy Voting Proxy Voting or Vote by Proxy in Election Law Vote cast by a person on behalf of another, as stipulated by law, when he or she cannot exercise his or her right to vote in person. To vote by proxy, the voter must nominate a trusted person whom he or she delegates to vote on his or her behalf. [...]...
26. Valid Valid Ballot or Valid Vote in Election Law Ballot which clearly indicates the voter's intention and fulfils the requirements of electoral law and can be included in the vote count. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
27. Credibility Credibility in Election Law In the context of elections, voter confidence in the electoral process, including voter registration, the electoral system, procedures, vote count, etc., and also in the main actors: political parties, candidates, the Election Management Body (EMB) and the media, [...]...
28. Electoral Rights Electoral Rights in Election Law All the civil rights and liberties that a citizen may enjoy in the context of an election, including the right to register as a voter, the right to vote, stand as a candidate, join a political party and campaign. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws [...]...
29. Electoral System Electoral System in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: The structures and processes necessary to hold an election including the electoral laws, system of appointment, redistribution and voting. Electoral System in Election Law The part of the electoral regulations [...]...
30. Eligibility In the United States For information about Eligibility in the context of international trade, click here Eligibility (to be Elected) in Election Law The legal capacity to be a candidate. Eligibility (to Vote) in Election Law The legal capacity to be a voter. Resources See Also Disability [...]...
31. Election Day Election Day in Election Law Day on which voters go to polling stations to vote and elect their leaders or representatives. (See: Voting period). Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
32. Stakeholder Stakeholder in Election Law Actor involved in and concerned with the electoral process: voters, election administration, candidates, political parties, voters, media, civil society, international and domestic observers and donors. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral [...]...
33. Constituents Direct Contact With Voters or Constituents in Election Law Any means by which a candidate or list of candidates conveys an electoral message directly to voters rather than using media, such as in face-to-face meetings. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
34. Rally An increase in stock or commodity prices following a decline.......
35. Mark Mark or Tick in Election Law A sign defined by electoral law which the voter writes next to or on the name of the candidate or party of their choice on the ballot. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
36. List The measure of a vessel's tilt from the vertical plane, in degrees.......
37. How Voters Decide Election: How Voters DecideIntroduction to How Voters DecideMany Americans identify personally with and maintain a sense of loyalty to either the Democratic or Republican Party. Voters often acquire partisan identification in childhood as a result of parental influence. Issues and ......
38. Electoral Advertising Electoral Advertising in Election Law Used by candidates of public or private, free or paid media or advertising to promote their political programme and mobilise voters before an election starts, according to electoral law and the election calendar. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral [...]...
39. Voting System Mixed Voting System in Election Law A system which combines elements of majoritarian and proportional representation systems. There are two kinds of mixed systems: parallel systems and Mixed Member Proportional Systems. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
40. Electronic Voting Introduction to Electronic Voting Electronic Voting, a balloting system that allows votes to be entered and recorded in an electronic form. These balloting systems are also referred to as e-voting or direct-recording electronic systems (DREs). The voter uses a direct entry device to register......
41. Buying Vote Buying in Election Law Illegal act involving the payment of money or the promise of benefits by a candidate to voters who, in exchange, promise to vote for him or her. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
42. Plurality Plurality in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: A term related to the "first past the post" system of voting. The candidate who attains the highest number of votes in an election or ballot attains a plurality or "simple majority" of votes and is elected....
43. Card Voter Card in Election Law Document issued after voter registration, entitling a person to vote. The card usually mentions the name, date of birth, address and sometimes the polling station where the cardholder must vote. Some legislations require the person to show their voter card as well as [...]...
44. Lottery Lottery in Election Law System used for a single ballot that features a number of candidates or political parties. If alphabetic order is not chosen as the system for sorting candidates, a lottery is organised to decide in which order candidates or political parties will appear on the ballot [...]...
45. Registration Introduction to Registration Registration, in electoral systems, method usually used to identify voters who are qualified to participate in an election. The act of registration is not, in a strict legal sense, a qualification for voting in the way that age, residence, race, literacy, and rel......
46. Escort Voter Escort in Election Law Person whose role is defined by electoral law and who is authorised to accompany disabled, elderly or illiterate voters and assist them in exercising their right to vote. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
47. Electoral Quotient Electoral Quotient in Election Law Method used to calculate the number of votes necessary to obtain a seat in a proportional representation system. It can be determined at constituency level by dividing the number of valid votes cast (V) by the number of seats (S) in the constituency, or at [...]...
48. Candidacy Candidacy Withdrawal in Election Law Situation of a person who stood as a candidate but decides to stand down from the electoral race before election day. This can come as the result of a personal decision or the result of a decision by the political party to which the person belongs. In many [...]...
49. Block Party Block Vote (pbv) in Election Law A plurality/majority system using multi-member districts in which voters cast a single party-centred vote for a party of choice and do not choose between candidates. The party with the most votes will win every seat in the electoral district. Resources [...]...
50. Participation Spanish Translation of participationThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to participation and / or a definition of this topic: Participación (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
51. Election Types Election: Types of Election:sIntroduction to Election TypesIn most nations, political party leaders select candidates for office in a general election. The United States is one of the few nations to hold primary elections prior to the general election campaign. In these elections, ......
52. Judicial Action Judicial Action in Election Law A judicial process initiated to address a specific legal problem. With respect to an election, legal action can be taken regarding any phase of the process, including voter registration, candidate nomination, voting operations, a dispute over results or any [...]...
53. Activities Busing Activities in Election Law Transportation by bus (or other means) of voters, organised by candidates or political parties so that people can go and cast their votes. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
54. Disqualification Spanish Translation of disqualificationThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to disqualification and / or a definition of this topic: Inhabilitación (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
55. Electoral Reform Introduction Electoral Reform, elimination of undemocratic, dishonest, and corrupt practices in the conduct of public elections. Reform is usually effected by statutory enactments that contain provisions for accomplishing one or more of the following ends: a change in the qualification [...]...
56. Ordinary Vote Ordinary Vote in Election Law Vote cast by a voter on election day in the appropriate polling station. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
57. Pre-election Election Silence or Pre-election Silence in Election Law Term used to describe the end of an election campaign, at which point all participants in the election process – candidates and the media in particular – are banned from making statements and taking action to promote a [...]...
58. Indirect Suffrage Indirect Suffrage in Election Law Process in which voters in an election do not choose between candidates for an office but rather elect persons who will then make the choice. An example of this is when voters elect their representatives in parliament who, in turn, elect the president. [...]...
59. Poll Opinion Poll (for an Election) in Election Law Scientific, quantitative sociological research, based on a representative sample of voters. It is used to determine the opinion of voters on parties and candidates, as well as to ascertain their most likely choice. Resources See Also Election Law [...]...
60. Voter List Final Voter List in Election Law A final list of eligible voters for an upcoming election or referendum updated, after the display and challenge period, with neccesary actions of correction, addition and removal. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
61. Preliminary Preliminary Results in Election Law Total or partial results released by the electoral administration. They cannot be considered final or official until all complaints and appeals have been resolved. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
62. Surplus Surplus Votes in Election Law In a single transferable vote (STV) system, this is the number of votes that that exceeds the votes that a candidate needs to win a seat and which are, therefore, transfered to other candidates. Resources See Also Forestry Natural Resources Forest Law Resources [...]...
63. Voting Age Voting Age in Election Law Minimum legal age that a person must reach in order to be eligible to vote. The age is usually 18 but may vary from one country to another. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
64. Electronic Voting Origins Electronic Voting Origins of Electronic VotingIntroduction to Electronic Voting OriginsElectronic voting has been used in United States elections since the mid-1970s. The first electronic voting system is believed to be the Video Voter, an electromechanical device. The incentive fo......
65. Electoral Court Electoral Court in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: A court set up to decide electoral disputes, usually ex post....
66. Call for Election Call For Election in Election Law A formal writ issued by the legally competent authority, calling on voters to go to the polls on a specified day or period to exercise their right to vote, as defined by the law. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
67. Apathy Voter Apathy in Election Law Partial or total lack of interest on the part of certain voters in an election or in politics in general. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
68. Cost Core Cost (elections) in Election Law Direct expenses incurred by a country for the preparation and conduct of an election, largely for the compilation of voter registers, candidate registration, voting and counting of election results. This does not include other costs covered by the [...]...
69. Intimidation Intimidation (in an Electoral Context) in Election Law Any action that creates physical or moral pressure on voters, candidates or any other player in the electoral process to alter, modify or change his or her intention or behaviour under duress. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral [...]...
70. Independent Candidate Independent Candidate in Election Law Candidate who belongs to no political party. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
71. Professional Campaign Professional in Election Law Person with proven experience in planning and conducting election campaigns. He or she is specifically skilled in campaign techniques and in making them work, as well as in fundraising, developing campaign messages, working with and through the media, [...]...
72. Primary Election Introduction to Primary Election Primary Election, preliminary election in which voters select a political party's candidates for public office. Primary election winners from each political party compete in a general election to determine who will hold the public office. Because each [...]...
73. Majority Majority (By an unspecified method) in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: In any majority electoral system, there is necessariliy a method of deciding the winner when no single option has a majority of the votes cast. However, the method is not always specified in the [...]...
74. Disenfranchisement Disenfranchisement in Election Law The revocation of the right of suffrage (the right to vote) of a person or group of people, or through practices that prevent a person from exercising his or her right to vote. Disfranchisement can be explicit, for example as a result of legal provisions, or [...]...
75. Electoral Roll Display of The Voter List or Electoral Roll in Election Law Procedure in which an election authority makes voter lists available to the public, for example in towns and villages, after the process of voter registration has been completed. The purpose is to allow citizens who registered to make [...]...
76. Voice Vote Introduction to Voice VoteVoice Vote, vote that is tallied by the vocal responses of its participants. Voice voting is accomplished either by a general count of "ayes" versus "nays" or by asking each participant one by one to announce his or her vote, a procedure that is......
77. Absolute Majority Absolute Majority in Election Law System in which a candidate (or list of candidates) is elected by obtaining more than 50% of the votes. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
78. Compulsory Compulsory Voting in Election Law Legal measure by which citizens are obliged to vote. In certain countries, individuals who abstain from voting without good and sufficient reason can be subject to a fine. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
79. Abstention Abstention in Election Law Deliberate refusal on the part of a voter to vote on election day. Abstention can be considered a political statement if a boycott is clearly called for by voters and/or encouraged by political parties. But abstention can also be the result of a lack of interest in [...]...
80. By-Law By-law in Election Law In the electoral context, secondary legislation or rules of procedure issued for the purposes of implementing the electoral law. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
81. Manifesto Election Platform or Manifesto or Programme in Election Law The principles, values and projects that one or more candidates or political party present during their campaign and commit to uphold and implement in order to secure as many votes as possible on election day. Resources See Also [...]...
82. Omission Omission in Election Law Situation in which the name of a potential voter does not appear on the voter list although the person has registered. In general this is the result of a mistake, either on the part of the electoral administration, such as a data entry error, or on the part of the [...]...
83. Election Management Executive Director of The Election Management Body (emb) in Election Law Person responsible for managing the election authority to ensure it works effectively. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
84. Equal Suffrage Equal Suffrage in Election Law Principle by which all voters have equal voting rights and do not suffer any form of discrimination. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
85. Secret Police Introduction to Secret PoliceSecret Police, special police force organized by autocratic or totalitarian regimes in defense against their enemies.Secret police were known in ancient Greece and Rome, in the Muslim caliphates, and in premodern monarchies, and they continue to function......
86. Secret Societies Confessions, Secret Societies From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Confessions, Secret Societies (1): At common law, confessions were admissible; but there is no case in the United States since 1813 where the court has sent a priest to jail for contempt for refusing to [...]...
87. Ballot Ballot Definition Ballot, in modern usage, a sheet of paper used in voting, usually in an electoral system that allows the voter to make choices secretly. The term may also designate the method and act of voting secretly by means of a mechanical device. Used in elections in all democratic [...]...
88. Ballot Box Ballot Box in Election Law Container in which voters insert their ballot after indicating their choice or, in multiple ballot systems, after choosing their preferred ballot. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
89. Ballot Counting Ballot Counting in Election Law Series of operations performed after voting has closed to count the number of ballots in a ballot box, compare that number to the signatures on the voter register and count the number of votes obtained by each list or candidate. Resources See Also Election Law [...]...
90. Ballot Paper Mock Ballot Paper in Election Law Ballot paper used during civic and voter education campaigns to familiarise voters with the real ballot papers used on election day. It shows the ballot structure, how it should be marked and how to avoid marking it in a way that would render it invalid. [...]...
91. Ballot Reconciliation Ballot Reconciliation in Election Law Verification technique aiming to ensure that the number of ballots contained in the ballot box matches the number of signatures on the voter list. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
92. Ballot Structure Ballot Structure in Election Law For a single ballot, presentation of the relevant information, including the names of candidates or parties, their numbers as the case may be, their photograph or the symbols and logos used to facilitate their identification, particularly by illiterate voters. [...]...
93. Blank Ballot Blank Ballot in Election Law Voting paper on which a voter makes no mark, so as to not indicate a choice. Blank ballots are sometimes treated and counted as invalid, in the same way that a ballot paper marked twice is disqualified. In some countries, a blank vote can be seen as a political [...]...
94. Invalid Ballot Invalid Ballot in Election Law Voting paper that is marked incorrectly, in a way that does not conform with the electoral law and procedures, or is illegible so that the voter's choice cannot be determined. Several things can invalidate a ballot, according to the electoral law: (1) a [...]...
95. Single Ballot Single Ballot in Election Law Unlike the multiple ballot, this is a ballot paper on which all possible choices open to the voter are printed. The voter selects one or more options, depending on the electoral system. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
96. Trade Secret Trade Secret and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade Secret: A form of industrial property (Sec. I). Refers to a non-patented process, mechanism, or formula, known only to its owner, that [...]...
97. Peace Ballot History of the Peace Ballot, 1935 The following commentary about Peace Ballot, 1935 in the Churchill Era is produced by the Churchill College (Cambridge): National ballot organized by the League of Nations Union, on the public's attitude to theLeague of Nations, disarmament and collective [...]...
98. Postal Ballot Resources See Also Electoral System Electoral College Voting...
99. Sex The Legal History of Illicit Sexual Intercourse in Chinese Law This section provides an overview of Illicit Sexual Intercourse in Chinese Law Sex in Election Law Refers to the biological characteristics that define humans as female or male. Sex Disaggregated Data or Statistics in Election Law [...]...
100. Seal Seal in Election Law A device provided to polling officials for use in securely closing the ballot box and packets containing election materials. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
101. Seat Seat in Election Law Mandate or office of an assembly or council for which an election is held. Seat of the Eus Institutions and Europe There is an entry on seat of the eus institutions in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Seat of the Eus [...]...
102. Seats Allocation of Seats in Election Law Distribution of seats obtained by a party or list of independent candidates, based on the number of votes obtained by each party or individual candidate. Depending on the electoral system in place, the allocation of seats can be subject to complex [...]...
103. Secondment Secondment of Staff in Election Law Temporary transfer of staff from the public service to work as electoral officials. During the period of transfer, the staff members are under the control and direction of the election management body. Resources See Also Personnel Law Enforcement Officer [...]...
104. Sensitive Material Sensitive Material in Election Law All material without which polling cannot take place. This includes ballot papers, the voter list, ballot boxes, seals, stamps and indelible ink. Sensitive materials can contain information about individuals or be used for fraudulent purposes. These materials [...]...
105. Stuffing The act of loading a container.......
106. Election Introduction to Election Election, procedure that allows members of an organization or community to choose representatives who will hold positions of authority within it. The most important elections select the leaders of local, state, and national governments. The chance to decide who will [...]...
107. Referendum Introduction to Referendum Referendum, practice of submitting an issue to the popular vote. The proposal or issue can itself be called a referendum. In government, the "petition referendum" originates with the voters and provides that a proposed law be put to a popular vote before it [...]...
108. Support Introduction to Support Support, in law, furnishing of funds or means for maintenance of a lifestyle. Support can include anything requisite to housing, food supplies, clothing, health, recreation, or vacation." (1) Resources Notes and References Information about ...
109. Supreme Court Supreme Court in Election Law Highest court in a country's judicial system. The electoral law can give it jurisdiction in some election-related disputes. The U.S. Supreme Court The Supreme Court is the highest court of the United States, and the only one specifically created by the [...]...
110. Ballots Challenged Ballot in Election Law Any type of ballot paper that is contested. These are temporarily excluded from the count and set aside to clarify their validity. Discarded Ballot in Election Law Ballot paper issued to a voter and recorded as such but not placed in the ballot box. For [...]...
111. Simple Or Relative Majority Simple or Relative Majority in Election Law System where a candidate (or list of candidates) is elected by obtaining the largest number of votes, in comparison with the number of votes obtained by other candidates (or lists of candidates) in the race. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral [...]...
112. Simulation Simulation in Election Law Exercise carried out prior to an election to test the equipment and the implementation procedures for election day. Also known as mock polling, this can help to train polling staff and demonstrate voting procedures to voters. Resources See Also Vocational Training [...]...
113. Social Networks Privacy The buzzing field of social networks analysis attempts to quantify how people know one another. In a recent article, Lior Strahilevitz suggests that social networks analysis can help judges presiding over privacy lawsuits decide what information should be considered private. In the [...]...
114. State Resources Use of State Resources in Election Law Means made available by the state to individuals or political parties when they are officially candidates for election. The law should make provision to ensure that resources are allocated in a spirit of fairness, allowing everyone to stand for election [...]...
115. Subsidiary Subsidiary or Subordinate Election Management Body in Election Law An Election Management Body (EMB) that is not the primary or principal entity responsible for the organisation of elections within a given state. It may be regional or local. Subsidiary in International Trade Meaning of [...]...
116. Symbol Symbol in Election Law Sign or emblem that represents and identifies a political party, organisation or candidate. Resources See Also Language Legal English Language Policy Language Law Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation...
117. Search Warrant ContentsSearch WarrantSearch Warrant in the United StatesSee AlsoIntroduction to Search WarrantResourcesNotes and References Search Warrant Search Warrant, in criminal law, ... Read more...
118. Discrimination Summary of Discrimination Unequal treatment in the duties, quotas, or administrative controls accorded to the products of one or more nations. Generally speaking, any nation which does not enjoy most FAVORED NATION (read this and related legal terms for further details) status is the subject [...]...
119. Seabee A marine cargo system that employs a barge loaded aboard a specially designed vessel. The barge, which is substantially larger than those employed in LASH-type systems, measures more than 97 feet in overall length, features double-hull construction, and accommodates a bale capacity of 39,140 cubic f......
120. Second Flag Carriage The shipment of goods aboard a vessel that flies the flag of the importing country.......