Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Financial Condition Literature Review on Financial Condition In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jane Beckett-Camarata offers the following summary about the topic of Financial Condition: This entry describes local government financial condition, its importance, and discusses [...]...
2. Offshore Finance Company Synonymous with Foreign Base Finance Company (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
3. Debt Financing and Capacity Literature Review on Debt Financing and Capacity In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Josephine M. LaPlante offers the following summary about the topic of Debt Financing and Capacity: Debt financing is a major means states and local governments use to pay [...]...
4. Finance Literature Review on Finance: Activity-Based Costing (ABC) In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Thomas Buttross and George Schmelzle provide the following summary about the topic of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in Finance: This entry is meant to provide the [...]...
5. Nonprofit Finance Literature Review on Nonprofit Organizations Financial Management In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Woods Bowman offers the following summary about the topic of Nonprofit Organizations Financial Management: The first half of this entry covers technical [...]...
6. Foreign Exchange Control Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
7. Foreign Exchange Reserve Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
8. Monetary Transfer Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
9. Company Profiles Company Profiles Materials America’s Corporate Finance Directory B2B Live from 1Stop Data Belgian Company Information Bürgel-Firmenprofile Business Monitor International Company ... Read more...
10. European Economic and Monetary Union Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
11. Subsidiary Subsidiary or Subordinate Election Management Body in Election Law An Election Management Body (EMB) that is not the primary or principal entity responsible for the organisation of elections within a given state. It may be regional or local. Subsidiary in International Trade Meaning of [...]...
12. Financial Emergencies Literature Review on Financial Emergencies In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jane Beckett-Camarata offers the following summary about the topic of Financial Emergencies: This entry provides a comprehensive description of local government financial [...]...
13. Director CEO in Business Meaning of CEO, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the highest-ranking manager in a corporation. He or she is in charge of growth, financial operations, and goal setting for an organization. This [...]...
14. International Monetary Reform Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
15. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
16. Finance Seasonality Literature Review on Finance Seasonality In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Daniel Williams offers the following summary about the topic of Finance Seasonality: This entry defines seasonality. Seasonality is relevant to all time-variant data and may affect [...]...
17. Leasing Introduction to Leasing Leasing, form of renting, often used by businesses to finance the acquisition of land, buildings, machinery, and other industrial equipment. Responsibility for maintenance lies with the company leasing the land or equipment. Leasing is widely used by companies in [...]...
18. Finance Analysis Literature Review on Spatial Finance Analysis In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Ray Gonzales offers the following summary about the topic of Spatial Finance Analysis: This entry explores the idea of housing choice as it was envisioned by Charles Tiebout. [...]...
19. State Supervision Literature Review on (Local Government) State Supervision of Budgets and Finance In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Julia Beckett offers the following summary about the topic of (Local Government) State Supervision of Budgets and Finance: States have the [...]...
20. Financial Accounting Financial accounting includes information disseminated to parties that are not part of the enterprise proper—stockholders, creditors, customers, suppliers, regulatory commissions, financial analysts, and trade associations—although the information is also of interest to the [...]...
21. Death Penalty Debate Brutality Capital Punishment The Death Penalty Debate BrutalityEarly opponents of capital punishment objected to its brutality. Executions were public spectacles involving cruel methods. In addition, capital punishment was not reserved solely for the most serious crimes. Death was the penalty for a v......
22. Public Investment Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
23. Public Finance Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Public Finance) Ad Valorem Tax (sometimes, including Public Finance) Alternative Minimum Tax (sometimes, including Public Finance) Big Four (audit firms) (sometimes, including Public [...]...
24. Financial Institution Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
25. Financial System Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
26. Early Efforts Against The Death Penalty Capital Punishment World Trends Early Efforts Against the Death PenaltySome distinctive doctrines in criminal law originated in efforts to restrict the number of capital crimes and executions. For instance, in the late 18th century, when all murder in the United States was punishable by dea......
27. Credit Enhancements Literature Review on Credit Enhancements In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Martin J. Luby and Tima T. Moldogaziev provide the following summary about the topic of Credit Enhancements: State and local governments often seek third-party credit enhancement as [...]...
28. Social Finance Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
29. Death Penalty Debate Contents Death Penalty Debate Capital Punishment: the Death Penalty Debate The practice of capital punishment is as old as government ... Read more...
30. Managerial Accouting Contents Managerial Accouting Managerial accounting deals with cost-profit-volume relationships, efficiency and productivity, planning and control, pricing decisions, capital budgeting, and ... Read more...
31. Convention on the Prevention And Punishment Of the Crime Of Genocide Human Rights Conventions: Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of GenocideFurther ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United [...]...
32. Business Law in Asia Business and Law in China Contents of Business and Law in China Contents of this subject matter include: Chinese Business Culture: Introduction Chinese Legal Culture PRC Company Law Foreign Investment Law and Regulation: Joint Ventures, Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprises, etc. Mergers and [...]...
33. Project Prioritization Literature Review on Budgeting: Project Prioritization and Proposal Evaluation In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Yi Lu offers the following summary about the topic of Budgeting: Project Prioritization and Proposal Evaluation: Capital project evaluation is [...]...
34. Business Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of business, with a description of the most significant features of business at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also Guest Resources See Also Massachusetts trust Real estate investment [...]...
35. Death Penalty Debate Effectiveness Capital Punishment The Death Penalty Debate EffectivenessEarly opponents of capital punishment also argued that inflicting death was not necessary to control crime and properly punish wrongdoers. Instead, alternative punishment-such as imprisonment-could effectively isolate criminals from t......
36. Cruel Punishment Cruel and Unusual Punishment Introduction to Cruel Punishment Cruel and Unusual Punishment, penalty or sum of penalties that would amount to torture or inhumanity. It also refers to punishment that is so disproportionate to the offense that it shocks the moral sense of the community." (1) [...]...
37. Corporate Governance Law Corporate Governance Law......
38. Inhuman Punishment Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment in 2013 (Continuation) United States views on international law [1] in relation to Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: 6. In the spirit of cooperation, the United States has provided [...]...
39. Master Planning Literature Review on Capital Improvement Programs (CIPs): Comprehensive and Master Planning In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jon Erickson offers the following summary about the topic of Comprehensive and Master Planning in Capital Improvement Programs [...]...
40. Planning Literature Review on Capital Improvement Programs (CIPs): Planning In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Hua Xu offers the following summary about the topic of Planning in Capital Improvement Programs (CIPs): Capital improvements are important investment [...]...
41. Pay-As-You-Go Literature Review on Pay-As-You-Go Financing In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] David L. Baker offers the following summary about the topic of Pay-As-You-Go Financing: The following review of PAYGO financing unfolds through several sections. First, PAYGO [...]...
42. Vagrancy (Disambiguation) Vagrancy (Disambiguation) Vagrancy, living on the streets without a permanent home or means of livelihood. Vagrants are often considered public ... Read more...
43. Financial Statement Literature Review on Financial Statement Analysis In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Martin Ives offers the following summary about the topic of Financial Statement Analysis: Financial statement analysis allows the analyst to assess an entity's [...]...
44. Debt Relief This section provides an overview of debt relief within the legal context of Combating Poverty in international economic law (Cross-Cutting Challenges). Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance Resources Further [...]...
45. Enterprises Tripartite Declaration Of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises And Social Policy A pronouncement by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office concerning the obligations of multinational firms to the workers and societies within which they operate. The declaration [...]...
46. Budgetary Decision Literature Review on Budgetary Decision Making: Logics in Theory and Practice In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Gerald J. Miller, Jonathan B. Justice and Iryna Illiash provide the following summary about the topic of Budgetary Decision Making: Logics in [...]...
47. Death Penalty Debate And Human Rights Capital Punishment The Death Penalty Debate Human RightsA unique facet of the modern debate about capital punishment is the characterization of the death penalty as a human rights issue, rather than a debate about the proper punishment of criminals. Modern opposition to the death penalty is......
48. Debt Affordability Literature Review on Debt Affordability In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Bill Simonsen, Mark D. Robbins and Raymond Brown provide the following summary about the topic of Debt Affordability: Municipal bonds are an important way that state and local [...]...
49. United Dredging Company (united States) V. United Mexican States United Dredging Company (united States) v. United Mexican States Embracing mainstream international law, this section on united dredging company (united states) v. united mexican states explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The [...]...
50. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
51. Deficit Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
52. Deficit Financing Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
53. Fire Insurance Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
54. Fund Raising Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
55. Indebtedness Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
56. Interest Rate Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
57. Investment Guaranty Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
58. Investment Incentive Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
59. Money Supply Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
60. Preinvestment Survey Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
61. Private Investment Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
62. Shareholder Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
63. Joint Venture Summary of Joint Venture A business enterprise with more than one equity participant; for example, an agreement between a German firm and a U.S. firm to capitalize jointly a new factory in Venezuela. Many countries impose restrictions on joint ventures; these restrictions may take the form [...]...
64. Contractual Joint Venture Contractual Joint Venture in International Trade Meaning of Contractual Joint Venture, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Agreement in which two parties come together for a particular business project and sign a contract outlining the terms under which they [...]...
65. Equity Joint Venture Equity Joint Venture (EJV) in International Trade Meaning of Equity Joint Venture (EJV), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A type of joint venture in which two or more parties set up a separate legal company to act as the vehicle for carrying out the [...]...
66. Joint Venture Corporation Resources See Also Corporation...
67. Capital Needs Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
68. Working Capital Summary of Working Capital A measurement of a firm's liquidity, determined by the excess of current assets over current liabilities. The ratio so derived is the working capital ratio.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Literature Review on Working Capital In the Encyclopedia of [...]...
69. Capital Cost Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
70. Capital Flow Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
71. Capital Market Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
72. Export of Capital Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance...
73. Capital Summary of Capital Goods employed in the pursuit of commercial profit. Capital is one of the traditional factors of production, along with land and labor; some neofactor theorists also include entrepreneurship as a fourth factor, although traditional thought would regard entrepreneurial [...]...
74. Capital Tax Resources See Also Taxation Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation...
75. Law as Public Capital Contents Law as Public Capital Man makes laws; in this respect he differs from other animals. He chooses deliberately to ... Read more...
76. Lawyers, capital and interest Contents Lawyers, capital and interest Main source: Salvador Trinxet Llorca, “Selected writings about lawyers” “Capital and Interest: A Critical History ... Read more...
77. Capital Punishment Introduction Capital Punishment, legal infliction of death as a penalty for violating criminal law. Throughout history people have been put to death for various forms of wrongdoing. Methods of execution have included such practices as crucifixion, stoning, drowning, burning at the stake, [...]...
78. Capital Punishment Development Contents Capital Punishment Development For most of recorded history, capital punishment was available to every government for especially serious crimes ... Read more...
79. Capital Account Entries in a nation's balance of payment accounts reflecting long- or shortterm loans made to other countries, or by other countries to the recording nation. See Balance of Payments.......
80. Capital Consumption Allowance The entry, in national income accounting, that represents the aggregate consumption of capital equipment and facilities, i.e., depreciation incurred by the nation's business sector, as well as the aggregate of business casualty losses to plant and equipment during the reporting period.......
81. Capital Flight The movement of significant capital resources from a country in response to unstable economic or political conditions.......
82. Capital Formation Summary of Capital Formation The aggregate value, expressed in monetary terms, of private sector investment in productive assets (e.g., physical plant and machinery) phis the sum of changes in private sector merchandise inventories, adjusted for the consumption of existing capital assets [...]...
83. Capital Lease A leasehold extending substantially over the life of a capital asset.......
84. Flight Of Capital A significant movement of capital, usually in liquid form, from one jurisdiction to another. This capital movement usually occurs in response to troubled economic or political conditions that might result in confiscation, excessive taxation, or loss in value. However, this term may be applied as wel......
85. Human Capital Summary of Human Capital An enrichment of the productive capacity of labor by means of specialized training and education.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Human Capital (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Human Capital means: is formed from investments in human [...]...
86. Net Transfer Of Capital Funds available for investment after deducting principal and interest payments.......
87. Capital Gain Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Capital Gain) ...
88. Capital Gains Tax Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Capital Gains Tax) ...
89. Capital Markets Literature Review on Capital Markets In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Kenneth A. Kriz and Peter J. Kiedrowski provide the following summary about the topic of Capital Markets: This entry sketches the dimensions of the municipal capital markets. It [...]...
90. Short-Term Capital Short-Term Capital Transactions and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Short-Term Capital Transactions: An element of a country's balance of payments that reflects loans granted to or received [...]...
91. Cost of Capital Cost of Capital and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Cost of Capital: For any given level of corporate risk, the cost of capital faced by f1rn1s in a given country --a key element of their [...]...
92. Abolition of Capital Punishment Contents Abolition of Capital Punishment History With the mitigation of the law as to punishment, agitation against the theory of ... Read more...
93. Capital Felony Concept of Capital Felony Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Resources See Also Judiciary...
94. Nml Capital V. Spaceport Systems Nml Capital v Spaceport Systems in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): See Section A.2.a.(1), supra, for discussion of this case considering whether Argentina's contribution to a satellite for [...]...
95. Social Capital Social Capital in Community Policing In this area, a meaning of Social Capital is available: A reservoir of good will between police officers and the community that police officers can draw on when issues arise that concern the community. Resources See Also Further Reading Information [...]...
96. S__ial Capital S__ial Capital (in the Human Development Area) In this context, S__ial Capital means: the networks and shared norms, values and understanding that facilitate co-operation within and between groups....
97. Capital Budgeting Literature Review on Capital Budgeting In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Jane Beckett-Camarata offers the following summary about the topic of Capital Budgeting: This entry describes the state and local government capital budgeting process. It emphasizes [...]...
98. Capital Improvement Programs Literature Review on Capital Improvement Programs (CIPs): Comparative and International Approaches In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Arwiphawee Srithongrung offers the following summary about the topic of Comparative and International Approaches in Capital [...]...
99. Capital Purchases Literature Review on Capital Purchases In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Wendell C. Lawther and John Adler provide the following summary about the topic of Capital Purchases: Purchasing capital equipment presents several challenges to the public [...]...
100. Capital Penalty S v Makwanyane and Another Case (South Africa) In relation to the s v makwanyane and another case (South Africa) and constitutional law, Georgia Alida du Plessis[1] made the following observation: The death penalty is a public policy issue that generates extensive scholarly research and [...]...
101. Intellectual Capital Measurement Intellectual Capital Measurement, the Law and other Social Sciences The aim of the article is to present the current state of knowledge concerning Intellectual capital (IC) and its measurement methods. Although IC may be estimated on the micro, macro and industry level, this subject deals with [...]...
102. Free Movement of Capital Free Movement of Capital and Europe There is an entry on free movement of capital in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Free Movement of Capital" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", [...]...
103. Capital Market Liability Capital Market Liability in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to capital market liability on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
104. Capital Asset Description of Capital Asset Resources See Also Internal Revenue...
105. Authorized Capital Resources See Also Authorized stock issue...
106. Contribution to Capital Resources See Also Capital...
107. Capital Worker Ratio Resources See Also Contract Contracting Novation Contract Dispute...
108. Capital Resources Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
109. Capital Goods Resources See Also Industrial Production Industrial Property Regulation...
110. Capital Investment Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
111. Industrial Capital Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
112. Foreign Capital Resources See Also Multinational International Commercial Law Corporate Law Business Entity Foreign Direct Investment Permanent Establishment International Joint Venture Foreign enterprise...
113. Legal Structure as Public Capital Legal Structure as Public Capital “The question directly suggests a critically important feature of law and law-abiding that has been ... Read more...
114. Long-Term Capital Transactions A component in a nation's balance of payment accounting, long-term capital transactions represent loans with a maturity of more than one year granted to or obtained from foreigners, including direct and portfolio investments......
115. Short-Term Capital Transactions An element of a nation's balance of payment accounting that reflects loans with a maturity of one year or less, granted to or received from foreigners during a given period of time.......
116. Capital Punishment Current Status Capital Punishment World Trends Current StatusBy the early 21st century, for the first time in history, most of the world's nations had abolished the death penalty in law or in practice-that is, executions were not carried out or a moratorium was imposed on the death penalty so that cap......
117. Capital Punishment World After 1945 Capital Punishment World Trends After World War IIThe defeat of the Axis powers provided a foundation for the elimination of the death penalty in Western Europe. Some of the nations involved in the war saw abolition of capital punishment as a way to disassociate themselves from the atrociti......
118. Capital Punishment World Trends Capital Punishment World TrendsFor most of recorded history, capital punishment was available to every government for especially serious crimes and often for a great variety of less serious offenses. The term felony, which today signifies all serious crime, was the traditional classificatio......
119. Encyclopedia of Capital Punishment in the United States Encyclopedia of Capital Punishment in the United States Title: Encyclopedia of Capital Punishment in the United States Preface to the ... Read more...
120. United Nations Capital Development Fund Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...