Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Inspectors Votes, Challenge, Inspectors, Casting Vote From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Votes, Challenge, Inspectors, Casting Vote (1): The reception of illegal votes does not invalidate an election unless they change the result.339 If the presiding officer refuses to allow a [...]...
2. Cumulative Voting Cumulative Voting in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: A semiproportional system of voting in which each voter has as many votes as there are seats to fill, but each voter may give all of his/her votes to one candidates, or split them up as s/he desires. Cumulative [...]...
3. Limited Voting Limited Voting in Election Law Voting system used in multi-member constituencies. Voters have more than one vote but fewer votes than the number of seats to be filled. The candidates with the most votes get elected, but not necessarily with absolute majority. Under a variant of Limited Vote [...]...
4. Advance Voting Advance Voting in Election Law Method by which a registered voter who cannot vote on election day may do so earlier. This can be done in several ways, including by postal vote or at a specific location. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
5. Proxy Voting Proxy Voting or Vote by Proxy in Election Law Vote cast by a person on behalf of another, as stipulated by law, when he or she cannot exercise his or her right to vote in person. To vote by proxy, the voter must nominate a trusted person whom he or she delegates to vote on his or her behalf. [...]...
6. Ballots Challenged Ballot in Election Law Any type of ballot paper that is contested. These are temporarily excluded from the count and set aside to clarify their validity. Discarded Ballot in Election Law Ballot paper issued to a voter and recorded as such but not placed in the ballot box. For [...]...
7. Electoral Fraud Ballot Tampering in Election Law A method of electoral fraud which consists of manipulating the ballot in any manner which would invalidate the vote or alter the counting results. It may happen at different stages of the polling and counting operations. Resources See Also Election Law [...]...
8. Election Process Election Process in Election Law Set of legal measures and concrete operations needed to hold an election. A starting point may be a writ or decree calling voters to vote in a particular election and may require the adoption of an electoral law. The election process includes voter [...]...
9. Open Voting Open Voting in Election Law Situation whereby a voter casts his or her vote in front of everybody in the polling station, meaning the vote is no longer secret. This may happen due to a voter's own carelessness (does not fold his or her ballot paper when leaving the polling booth or simply [...]...
10. Plurality Plurality in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: A term related to the "first past the post" system of voting. The candidate who attains the highest number of votes in an election or ballot attains a plurality or "simple majority" of votes and is elected....
11. Electoral System Electoral System in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: The structures and processes necessary to hold an election including the electoral laws, system of appointment, redistribution and voting. Electoral System in Election Law The part of the electoral regulations [...]...
12. Secret Ballot Secret Ballot in Election Law A fundamental principle in democratic elections, by which the voter is entitled to vote without being seen by others, a potential source of pressure and intimidation which could invalidate the freedom of choice. An election authority is therefore obliged to [...]...
13. Card Voter Card in Election Law Document issued after voter registration, entitling a person to vote. The card usually mentions the name, date of birth, address and sometimes the polling station where the cardholder must vote. Some legislations require the person to show their voter card as well as [...]...
14. Invalid Ballot Invalid Ballot in Election Law Voting paper that is marked incorrectly, in a way that does not conform with the electoral law and procedures, or is illegible so that the voter's choice cannot be determined. Several things can invalidate a ballot, according to the electoral law: (1) a [...]...
15. Electoral Rights Electoral Rights in Election Law All the civil rights and liberties that a citizen may enjoy in the context of an election, including the right to register as a voter, the right to vote, stand as a candidate, join a political party and campaign. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws [...]...
16. Military Voting Military Voting in Election Law In some countries, members of the military are allowed to vote. Given that they are often based far from their electoral constituencies, polling centres are sometimes set up inside military bases. In other cases, military personnel vote by mail or proxy. This [...]...
17. Carousel Voting Carousel Voting in Election Law A method of vote rigging which involves multiple voting, in particular when voters are transported to different polling stations so that they can cast their votes for the same candidate or the same list more than once. Another example is voters using a ballot [...]...
18. Credibility Credibility in Election Law In the context of elections, voter confidence in the electoral process, including voter registration, the electoral system, procedures, vote count, etc., and also in the main actors: political parties, candidates, the Election Management Body (EMB) and the media, [...]...
19. Electoral Quotient Electoral Quotient in Election Law Method used to calculate the number of votes necessary to obtain a seat in a proportional representation system. It can be determined at constituency level by dividing the number of valid votes cast (V) by the number of seats (S) in the constituency, or at [...]...
20. Majority (TwoRound Method) Majority (TwoRound Method) in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: This majority system uses a two round system of voting. In the first round, each voter casts one vote, and when these votes are tallied, the candidate with a majority of the votes wins the election. If [...]...
21. Constituency Ad Hoc Electoral Constituency in Election Law Constituency established specifically for one particular election, which is therefore redefined periodically. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
22. Electronic Voting Introduction to Electronic Voting Electronic Voting, a balloting system that allows votes to be entered and recorded in an electronic form. These balloting systems are also referred to as e-voting or direct-recording electronic systems (DREs). The voter uses a direct entry device to register......
23. Blank Ballot Blank Ballot in Election Law Voting paper on which a voter makes no mark, so as to not indicate a choice. Blank ballots are sometimes treated and counted as invalid, in the same way that a ballot paper marked twice is disqualified. In some countries, a blank vote can be seen as a political [...]...
24. Block Party Block Vote (pbv) in Election Law A plurality/majority system using multi-member districts in which voters cast a single party-centred vote for a party of choice and do not choose between candidates. The party with the most votes will win every seat in the electoral district. Resources [...]...
25. Arrears Voting, Pew-Rent, Arrears From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Voting, Pew-Rent, Arrears (1): Where a church is incorporated and by its charter or the laws of the State it has authority to make reasonable by-laws, a by-law which prohibits any person from voting whose [...]...
26. Election Day Election Day in Election Law Day on which voters go to polling stations to vote and elect their leaders or representatives. (See: Voting period). Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
27. Preliminary Preliminary Results in Election Law Total or partial results released by the electoral administration. They cannot be considered final or official until all complaints and appeals have been resolved. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
28. Tactical Tactical Voting in Election Law A vote based on political calculation, often implying that the elector votes for a party or candidate that he or she does not really support, but does so to keep out a party or candidate that he or she does not want to see elected. Resources See Also Election [...]...
29. Surplus Surplus Votes in Election Law In a single transferable vote (STV) system, this is the number of votes that that exceeds the votes that a candidate needs to win a seat and which are, therefore, transfered to other candidates. Resources See Also Forestry Natural Resources Forest Law Resources [...]...
30. Compulsory Compulsory Voting in Election Law Legal measure by which citizens are obliged to vote. In certain countries, individuals who abstain from voting without good and sufficient reason can be subject to a fine. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
31. Absolute Majority Absolute Majority in Election Law System in which a candidate (or list of candidates) is elected by obtaining more than 50% of the votes. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
32. Tabulation Tabulation of Votes in Election Law The process of compiling the result of a vote count at an election. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
33. Targeting Targeting and International Trade Economy Resources See Also industrial targeting...
34. Polling Political Campaign How Campaigns are Conducted Polling Introduction to Polling Surveys of voter opinion provide the raw material of modern political campaigns. Political consultants use this information to run campaigns that closely resemble the efforts of businesses to market produc......
35. Electoral Roll Display of The Voter List or Electoral Roll in Election Law Procedure in which an election authority makes voter lists available to the public, for example in towns and villages, after the process of voter registration has been completed. The purpose is to allow citizens who registered to make [...]...
36. Deadline Deadline For Voter Registration in Election Law Date after which citizens may no longer register to exercise their right to vote. Voter registration occurs over a specific period, defined by electoral law. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
37. Simple Or Relative Majority Simple or Relative Majority in Election Law System where a candidate (or list of candidates) is elected by obtaining the largest number of votes, in comparison with the number of votes obtained by other candidates (or lists of candidates) in the race. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral [...]...
38. Constitutional Rights Introduction to Constitutional Rights Constitutional Rights, those protections and privileges under law which are set out in a constitution or based on constitutional provisions as interpreted by a court." (1) Resources Notes and References Information about &......
39. Temporal Affairs Temporal Affairs, Management From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Temporal Affairs, Management (1): A majority of a religious corporation at a regularly called meeting may, by a vote taken, bind the minority in all temporal affairs.120 The character of membership in the [...]...
40. Escort Voter Escort in Election Law Person whose role is defined by electoral law and who is authorised to accompany disabled, elderly or illiterate voters and assist them in exercising their right to vote. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
41. Board Board, Majority From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Board, Majority (1): Two of the three members of a school board have no authority to act by themselves, and their individual agreement to dismiss a teacher is void. A school board can only act at a duly called meeting of [...]...
42. Participation Spanish Translation of participationThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to participation and / or a definition of this topic: Participación (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
43. Corporators Corporators, Change From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Corporators, Change (1): In isolated cases here and there it has been held that a majority of the corporators of a religious society has the right to change the form of church government, as from the Congregational [...]...
44. Eligibility In the United States For information about Eligibility in the context of international trade, click here Eligibility (to be Elected) in Election Law The legal capacity to be a candidate. Eligibility (to Vote) in Election Law The legal capacity to be a voter. Resources See Also Disability [...]...
45. Handbook Voter Handbook or Guide in Election Law Document usually issued to voters by the election authority to explain the steps they must follow and voting procedures in layman's terms. The handbook may also include recommendations to explain to voters what rules must be obeyed, and how they can [...]...
46. Optical Mark Recognition Optical Mark Recognition (omr) Device in Election Law A scanner that can read specific marks in a defined set of locations on a page. The computer software used by an OMR scanner is programmed to recognise the meaning of the various marks and to convert scanned images into computer-readable [...]...
47. Timetable Electoral Calendar or Timetable in Election Law A schedule according to which all the phases of a specific election process will take place, such as the day on which voter registration begins and ends, the day on which individuals register their candidacy, the election campaign period, [...]...
48. Control Mother Church, Control From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Mother Church, Control (1): A majority of the members of a congregation can not by their vote leave the church and transfer the property of the congregation to another church so long as any portion of the [...]...
49. Disqualification Spanish Translation of disqualificationThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to disqualification and / or a definition of this topic: Inhabilitación (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
50. Constitutional Referendum Constitutional Referendum in Election Law Direct vote by the electorate to adopt, revise or reject the constitution or any of its article(s). Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
51. Judicial Action Judicial Action in Election Law A judicial process initiated to address a specific legal problem. With respect to an election, legal action can be taken regarding any phase of the process, including voter registration, candidate nomination, voting operations, a dispute over results or any [...]...
52. Observer Observer and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Observer: An observer to the GATT is a country or international organization that has been authorized by the GATT Council (Sec. [...]...
53. Election Management Executive Director of The Election Management Body (emb) in Election Law Person responsible for managing the election authority to ensure it works effectively. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
54. Remote Remote Voting in Election Law See: Absentee vote Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
55. Single Ballot Single Ballot in Election Law Unlike the multiple ballot, this is a ballot paper on which all possible choices open to the voter are printed. The voter selects one or more options, depending on the electoral system. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
56. Certificate of Election From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Certificate of Election (1): A certificate of election of officers is prima facie evidence thereof, but the truth may be shown aliunde and a wrong certificate may be cancelled by a judgment of a competent court on a writ of quo warranto [...]...
57. Removing Church, Building, Removing From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church, Building, Removing (1): Where subscriptions were secured to build a church at a particular place as a memorial to a certain person, a congregation may be enjoined from tearing down the building and [...]...
58. District District Magnitude in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: The number of candidates to be elected from an electoral district....
59. By-laws By-Laws By-Laws From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about By-Laws (1): By-laws of the different religious organizations differ widely, from the decrees of the great councils of the Catholic Church down to the vote of the congregation of an independent denomination. By-Laws, [...]...
60. Right of Property Right of Property, Civil Rights From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Right of Property, Civil Rights (1): Where there are several church tribunals one above another, when the highest tribunal having jurisdiction of the case has decided a question as to the right of [...]...
61. Suit Sect, Suit, Property From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Sect, Suit, Property (1): A number of people formed a congregation and became incorporated in 1810, the members being mostly of Presbyterian extraction. This independent congregation bought and paid for property, [...]...
62. Doctrine Doctrine, Constitution From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Doctrine, Constitution (1): A church in law is a mere fraternal organization. It may or may not have a written constitution, but it must have some central doctrine as its foundation or constitution.25 Many of the [...]...
63. Principal Service Notice, Principal Service, Custom From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Notice, Principal Service, Custom (1): When a rule of a church required notice of a meeting to be given at the principal service, a notice given at an earlier service only, was void.326 But where the [...]...
64. Election Campaign Election Campaign in Election Law Series of activities, occurring before a vote, carried out by political parties or individuals, in order to promote their political programme and principles. These activities can include meetings, rallies, interviews, debates, etc., in order to attract the [...]...
65. Board Control Board, Control From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Board, Control (1): When the laws of the organization give control of matters to the board of trustees, the majority of the members of the church can not control the action of the trustees contrary to the usages and [...]...
66. Method Highest Average Method in Election Law Formula used in party list proportional voting systems to convert votes into seats. The total number of votes for each party or list is divided by a series of divisors using the D'Hondt method (1,2,3, etc.) or Sainte-Laguë method (1, 3, 5, etc.). [...]...
67. Abstention Abstention in Election Law Deliberate refusal on the part of a voter to vote on election day. Abstention can be considered a political statement if a boycott is clearly called for by voters and/or encouraged by political parties. But abstention can also be the result of a lack of interest in [...]...
68. Apathy Voter Apathy in Election Law Partial or total lack of interest on the part of certain voters in an election or in politics in general. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
69. Powers Money, Powers From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Money, Powers (1): The treasurer of a congregation has no right to return to members moving out of the parish a part of the money paid for the church by them.297Officers of a corporation have no powers only those [...]...
70. Recording Direct Recording Electronic (dre) Equipment in Election Law Machines or computers normally installed at a polling station, which record and simultaneously store votes. This can be done using a touch screen (with or without a special pen), or by using devices that involve pressing one or more [...]...
71. Factions Factions, Authority From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Factions, Authority (1): Where two factions of a church, each claiming to be the church, try members of the other faction, a court may determine which of the factions is the authorized authority or that the action [...]...
72. Universal Suffrage Universal Suffrage in Election Law A fundamental principle in democratic elections, by which every citizen has the right to vote in periodic and regular elections and referenda. This right must be established by law. Restrictions may apply (minimum age, mental capacity), but the right to vote [...]...
73. Electoral Legislation Electoral Legislation in Election Law Set of constitutional, legislative, regulatory or other texts which govern the election process. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
74. Mobilisation Mobilisation in Election Law Action taken to encourage citizens to participate in the electoral process, or support an individual or party in an election to secure their vote. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
75. Charter By-Laws Charter, By-Laws From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Charter, By-Laws (1): When the charter or by-laws of a church corporation provide that they may be altered, such changes may, after the execution and delivery of a deed, immediately adhere to the title.460 Resources [...]...
76. Seats Allocation of Seats in Election Law Distribution of seats obtained by a party or list of independent candidates, based on the number of votes obtained by each party or individual candidate. Depending on the electoral system in place, the allocation of seats can be subject to complex [...]...
77. Vote System Block Vote System in Election Law A plurality/majority system used in multi-member districts in which electors have as many votes as there are candidates to be elected. Voting is candidate centred. The candidates with the highest total number of votes win the seats. Resources See Also [...]...
78. Hand Vote Ballot, Hand Vote From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Ballot, Hand Vote (1): The vote of a religious society at an annual meeting for the election of officers that the officers shall always be chosen by ballot, does not vitiate an election of officers by hand vote at a [...]...
79. Alternative Vote Majority (Alternative Vote Method) in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: This majority system is based upon, full, standard, and preferential voting. Accordingly electors are required to number all candidates in order of preference. A candidate requires an absolute [...]...
80. Absentee Vote Absentee Vote or Ballot in Election Law Method by which a person may vote without going to the polling station on election day. Depending on national laws, the voter has a certain period of time during which he or she can obtain a ballot before the election. The ballot paper is filled out and [...]...
81. Family Vote Family Vote in Election Law Type of vote where one family member instructs others how to vote, or even in some cases votes in place of family members (e.g. by collecting all their voters' cards). This practice is considered a type of electoral fraud. Resources See Also Election Law [...]...
82. Ordinary Vote Ordinary Vote in Election Law Vote cast by a voter on election day in the appropriate polling station. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
83. Postal Vote Postal Vote in Election Law Process by which a voter exercises his or her right to vote from home by sending in his or her ballot by mail. It implies previous identification of the voter. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
84. Preferential Vote Preferential Vote in Election Law System used in list-based voting which gives a greater choice to the voter, who is not obliged to keep candidates in the order in which they are presented by their parties. Voters may mark a preference for one or more candidates or may themselves rank all [...]...
85. Protest Vote Protest Vote in Election Law A voter's choice that expresses his or her dissatisfaction or mistrust of the candidates in the race or of the election process itself. A protest vote may take the form of a blank or spoilt ballot in the ballot box, or a vote for a candidate who has no chance [...]...
86. Voice Vote Introduction to Voice VoteVoice Vote, vote that is tallied by the vocal responses of its participants. Voice voting is accomplished either by a general count of "ayes" versus "nays" or by asking each participant one by one to announce his or her vote, a procedure that is......
87. Write-In Vote Introduction to Write-In VoteWrite-In Vote, vote cast by writing in the name of a candidate whose name does not appear on the ballot." (1)ResourcesNotes and ReferencesInformation about ...
88. Nontransferable Vote Single Nontransferable Vote in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: In any particular constituency election, each voter casts one vote for one candidate in a multicandidate race for multiple legislative seats. Those candidates receiving the most votes win office....
89. Transferable Vote Single Transferable Vote in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: The Single Transferable Vote, or STV, is a preference voting system designed to minimise wasted votes in multicandidate elections while ensuring that votes are explicitly for candidates rather than party [...]...
90. No Confidence Vote In relation to the no confidence vote and constitutional law, Anna Dziedzic[1] made the following observation: A no confidence vote is a vote taken by a parliament to express its lack of confidence in the executive government. An executive government that loses the confidence of the [...]...
91. Majority Vote Embracing mainstream international law, this section on majority vote explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "majority vote" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
92. One Person, One Vote Resources See Also Apportionment Reapportionment...
93. Categorical Vote Categorical Vote in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: A single vote for either one candidate or one party....
94. Proportional Vote Proportional Vote in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: Proportional representation (PR) is any of various multiwinner electoral systems which try to ensure that the proportional support gained by different groups is accurately reflected in the election result. [...]...
95. Vacancy Vacancy in Election Law Situation in which a specific position or office is held by no one due to the previous incumbent's death, incapacitation, resignation or dismissal. When this happens, an early election may be held to fill the post. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws [...]...
96. Voters Unbalanced Distribution of Voters in Election Law Situation in which certain constituencies/ districts are overpopulated while others are underpopulated. This happens when electoral boundaries are not updated to reflect demographic trends or are deliberately manipulated so as to influence [...]...
97. Void Devise, Void From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Devise, Void (1): A parent may leave money to a child payable in yearly instalments on condition that said child shall continue to be a member of a particular church and attend the regular meetings thereof, and in case he [...]...
98. Votes Cast Majority, Votes Cast From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Majority, Votes Cast (1): Where the majority of a congregation protested against the proposed candidate, but failed to vote for any one, such candidate who received the greatest number of votes cast, was lawfully [...]...
99. Quorum A quorum is the minimum number of people o members of a committee, board of directors, society, meeting of shareholders, legislative assembly or other body required to be in attendance in order a vote can be taken or the body to act. Legislative Quorum in Canada As stated by the [...]...
100. Appeal Appeal, in law, request to a higher court to reverse the decision made by a lower court. The party who won the decision in the lower court is called the appellee; the party appealing the decision is called the appellant. Except in unusual cases, the appellate court may only review questions [...]...
101. Complaint Complaint, in law, formal pleading, made under oath, charging a person with a crime. (1) Complaint in Election Law Presentation by a plaintiff before the competent electoral or judicial authority, setting forth the claim for which redress is sought. (See: Claim) A Complaint against the Police: [...]...
102. Voter Registration Election: Voter Registration Introduction to Voter Registration In addition to differences in political party strength, these national differences in voter participation result from variations in registration rules and the organization of elections. In Europe, governments automatical......
103. Elections Election and Political Law Genuine Elections in Election Law In the field of elections, this term implies the presence of conditions for a level playing field in the electoral race. This mainly includes the exercise of political rights and freedoms, having parties and candidates competing on [...]...
104. Majority Majority (By an unspecified method) in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: In any majority electoral system, there is necessariliy a method of deciding the winner when no single option has a majority of the votes cast. However, the method is not always specified in the [...]...
105. Voting Preference Voting in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: A ranked ballot or preferential voting system is a type of voting system in which each voter casts their vote by ranking candidates in order of preference. 'Bandwagon' Voting in Election Law Voting for [...]...
106. By-Law By-law in Election Law In the electoral context, secondary legislation or rules of procedure issued for the purposes of implementing the electoral law. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
107. Volunteer Volunteer in Election Law In an electoral context, a person who decides to donate his or her time without being paid to support a candidate, act as an election observer or take part in citizen activities, in particular civic education. Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to [...]...
108. Voter Eligible Voter in Election Law Individual who satisfies the legal requirements to participate in an election. These requirements are usually related to nationality, age, mental health, etc. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
109. Voter Information Voter Information in Election Law A process of giving relevant factual information about an election process on a timely basis. This includes when, where and how voters will vote. When this is done during the preparatory stages of an election, particularly a general election, it aids [...]...
110. Voter List Final Voter List in Election Law A final list of eligible voters for an upcoming election or referendum updated, after the display and challenge period, with neccesary actions of correction, addition and removal. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
111. Votes Single Non-transferable Vote (sntv) in Election Law Electoral system in which the voter is asked to vote for a single candidate in a multi-member district represented by several seats. The candidates who receive the most votes are declared winners. In this type of system, electors vote for [...]...
112. Voting Age Voting Age in Election Law Minimum legal age that a person must reach in order to be eligible to vote. The age is usually 18 but may vary from one country to another. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
113. Voting System Mixed Voting System in Election Law A system which combines elements of majoritarian and proportional representation systems. There are two kinds of mixed systems: parallel systems and Mixed Member Proportional Systems. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
114. Voire Dire From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Voire Dire (1): Where a priest made a preliminary examination of a woman to ascertain her mental capacity to make a confession, her answers in such preliminary examination were admissible in a contest on a will; but her confession was [...]...
115. Veto Veto Definition (Lat. I forbid). Veto may be defined as the refusal of the executive body of a country whose assent is necessary to let pass a law or measure approbed already by the legislative body. See veto in the legal dictonary. In Europe The veto power of the British sovereign has [...]...
116. Violence Violence Definition Violence may be defined as a physical attack of another person. Activities that may legally involve violence include hunting, law enforcement, sports, and war. Crime includes many illegal forms of violence. The first point that has to be clarified is the meaning of the [...]...
117. Minor Minor (juvenile) Introduction to Minor Minor (juvenile), legal term for those under the age of majority, which varies from country to country but is usually between 18 and 21. Most civic and legal rights and duties accrue only at the age of majority: for example, the rights to vote, ......
118. Slander Introduction to SlanderSlander, in the law of torts, oral defamation or use of the spoken word to injure another's reputation, as distinguished from libel or written defamation. To be the basis of a legal action, a publication of the words complained of, that is, their utterances in the......
119. Valid Valid Ballot or Valid Vote in Election Law Ballot which clearly indicates the voter's intention and fulfils the requirements of electoral law and can be included in the vote count. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
120. Victory Landslide Victory in Election Law Election in which a candidate or party wins a significantly large number of votes or seats, many more than the rivals. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...