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Search results for: “sociological school”

  • International Political Economy

    Introduction to International Political EconomyInternational Political Economy, field of study that deals with the interaction of politics and economics among the world's nations. The most important of these interactions concerns foreign trade. Students of international political econom…

  • Independent Criminology

    Development of Criminology: Independent CriminologyIntroduction to Independent CriminologyIn the late 1960s and early 1970s criminology began to emerge from the more established social sciences and became a discipline in its own right. The number of instructional programs in crimin…

  • Crime Genetic Factors

    Biological Theories of Crime: Genetic FactorsIntroduction to Crime Genetic FactorsThe evidence for an association between genetic makeup and criminality comes from empirical studies of identical twins (who have the same genetic makeup) and adopted children (who are genetically diss…

  • Criminology Development

    Development of CriminologyIntroduction to Criminology DevelopmentThe discipline of criminology has evolved in three phases, beginning in the 18th century. Although crime and criminals have been around for as long as societies have existed, the systematic study of these phenomena di…

  • Minority

    ResourcesSee AlsoDiscrimination; Ethnicity and Race; Identity; Prejudice.J. Davis, Minority-Dominant Relations (1978); A. C. Hepburn, Minorities in History (1979); G. Dench, Minorities in the Open Society (1986).Further Reading (Books)Blauner, Robert. Racial Oppres…

  • International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family

    International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family Bibliographic Details Publisher: Macmillan Reference USA Copyright: 2002 (2nd edition (November 27, 2002) Language: English ISBN-10: 0028656725 ISBN-13: 978-0028656724 Pages: 2000 Table of Contents Abortion Abstinence Academic Achievement Acculturation Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Adolescent Parenthood Adoption Adulthood Affection Afghanistan African-American Families Alzheimer’s Disease American Indian Families Anabaptists (Amish, Mennonite)…

  • List of Authors to the Encyclopedia of the American Constitution

    List of Authors to the Encyclopedia of the American Constitution Main Entries: List of Entries and Authors of the Encyclopedia of the American Constitution Encyclopedia of the American Constitution Listing of entries to the Encyclopedia by Author: Benjamin Aaron Professor of Law, Emeritus University of California, Los Angeles LABOR AND THE ANTITRUST LAWS Henry J.…

  • List of Entries and Authors of the Encyclopedia of the American Constitution

    List of Articles and Contributors of the Encyclopedia of the American Constitution Main Entry: the Encyclopedia of the American Constitution. List of Authors by Entry (A-Z): ADEQUATE STATE GROUNDS Kenneth L. Karst ADKINS V. CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL Leonard W. Levy ADLER V. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF CITY OF NEW YORK Martin Shapiro ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES Joseph Vining…

  • Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States

    The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States provides information on and analysis of significant Supreme Court cases. Content is organized alphabetically by case name and each entry includes a discussion of the legal and social background of the case, the…

  • History of the Church and State Relationship

    History of the Church and State Relationship Church and State, relationship between the organized church and the government of a country, especially with regard to the extent of their powers within each other’s sphere of activity. The problem of church and state has come into relatively sharp focus in the tradition of Western Christianity, although…

  • Environmental and Social Theories of Crime

    Environmental and Social Theories of Crime The most common criminological theories attribute criminal motivation to environmental or social factors rather than biological or psychological traits. These theories may focus on social influences on crime or on economic factors. Social Causes One of the first theories describing the influence of social factors on crime came from…

  • Biological Theories of Crime

    Biological Theories of Crime Background The idea that crime is caused by biological defects or deficiencies in the offender was not new when advanced by Lombroso, but it received its most emphatic statement in the work of the Italian school. The most influential attack on Lombroso’s work was conducted by British criminologist Charles Buckman Goring,…

  • Development of Criminology

    Development of Criminology The discipline of criminology has evolved in three phases, beginning in the 18th century. Although crime and criminals have been around for as long as societies have existed, the systematic study of these phenomena did not begin until the late 1700s. Prior to that time, most explanations of crime equated it with…

  • Code Law Systems

    Code Law Systems The term “code-law systems” is usually employed, as a legal term of art, with two different, if related, meanings. First, “code” refers to the reduction of the laws customarily observed by a particular people to a more or less permanent, organized, and written form through a comprehensive piece of legislation or codification.…

  • Library of Congress Classification Class K

    Library of Congress Classification Class K System Many large law libraries from the United States, Canada (specially the major libraries, but not the law firm libraries) and other countries use the classification scheme developed by the Library of Congress (LC). Under this system, each item (like a book) is assigned a call number according to…