Consensus
The Legal History of Ijm_ (Consensus of Jurists)
This section provides an overview of Ijm_ (Consensus of Jurists)
Consensus in Election Law
Method of decision making in which all stakeholders participate and attempt to align their positions. Consensus is not unanimity on a decision but rather represents a successful effort to find common ground for all stakeholders so that none oppose the decision taken.
Consensus
Embracing mainstream international law, this section on consensus explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here.
Resources
Further Reading
- The entry “consensus” in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law, 2009), Oxford University Press
Resources
See Also
- Election Law
- Electoral Laws
- Electoral Legislation
Resources
See Also
- Legal Biography
- Legal Traditions
- Historical Laws
- History of Law
Further Reading
- Ijm_ (Consensus of Jurists) in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press)
- The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Political and Legal History (Oxford University Press)
- Ijm_ (Consensus of Jurists) in the Dictionary of Concepts in History, by Harry Ritter
- A Short History of Western Legal Theory, by John Kelly
Consensus and the Treaties of the European Union
Description of Consensus provided by the European Union Commission: In the WTO, voting consensus is achieved if no Member “present at the meeting when the decision is taken, formally objects”. Each member has one vote, regardless of its economic clout and, among them, developing countries are increasingly making their presence felt. The WTO cannot therefore be hijacked by a group of countries or multinational companies.
Resources
See Also
Popular Treaties Topics
- Treaties of the United Nations (UN)
- Types of Treaties
- International Treaties
- Famous Treaties
- Law of Treaties
- Numbered Treaties
Consensus and the Treaties of the European Union
Description of Consensus provided by the European Union Commission: In the WTO, voting consensus is achieved if no Member “present at the meeting when the decision is taken, formally objects”. Each member has one vote, regardless of its economic clout and, among them, developing countries are increasingly making their presence felt. The WTO cannot therefore be hijacked by a group of countries or multinational companies.
Resources
See Also
Popular Treaties Topics
- Treaties of the United Nations (UN)
- Types of Treaties
- International Treaties
- Famous Treaties
- Law of Treaties
- Numbered Treaties
Consensus and the GATT Policy Negotiations
In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Consensus: In GATT parlance, the outcome of a negotiated decision among contracting parties in which sufficiently generalized support for a position is achieved to permit action. A decision in GA TT is made by consensus if no party formally objects to the decision, and is almost always achieved by avoiding rather than utilizing voting. Because GATT is a contractual arrangement, members cannot normally be bound through voting procedures in “majority rule” fashion. As a result, virtually all GATT decisions are by consensus except decisions on amendments, waivers, and accessions. In any given case, a dissatisfied GATT member must decide whether the issue warrants expending negotiating capital in blocking a consensus. Consensus decisions in GATT are not necessarily optimal; one former negotiator referred to the GATT consensus process as a “balance of dissatisfaction.” See also reverse consensus.
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