Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Multifiber Arrangement An international agreement among textile-producing and consuming nations to provide a framework for orderly trade in textiles and apparel. For many years, the textile manufacturing industries of the developed nations have been beset by intense competition from lower-cost imports, resulting in unempl......
2. Cargo Summary of Cargo Merchandise in the process of being transported; not to be confused with freight, which, in maritime usage, is the sum earned by a carrier for transporting goods. General cargo consists of various commodities comprising the property of many shippers or consignees; special [...]...
3. Development Assistance Official Development Assistance (oda) to Basic Social Services (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Official Development Assistance (oda) to Basic Social Services means: ODA directed to basic social services, which include basic education (primary education, early childhood [...]...
4. Cargo Preference Act A 1954 amendment to the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 which mandates that at least 50 percent of all government generated cargoes move on U.S. flag ships. Included in the category of such cargoes are Department of Defense movements, Department of Agriculture surplus commodities, goods financed by the ......
5. Inequality Human Development Index, Inequality-adjusted in United Nations Activities In this context, Human Development Index, Inequality-adjusted means: Human Development index value adjusted for inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development: education, he_lth and profit. The IHDI [...]...
6. Compensating Balance A non-interest- bearing deposit that a commercial borrower is obliged to maintain as condition of receiving a bank loan. The effect of this balance is to increase the net cost of the loan; while the amount to be held as a compensating balance is negotiable between the borrower and the bank, a balanc......
7. International organizations articles of conventions Contents International Organizations articles of conventions Agreement Establishing the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 29.5.1990 Convention Establishing the Multilateral ... Read more...
8. Islamic Development Bank A multinational development bank formed by Muslim countries to provide economic development assistance to member states, and to foster economic progress in Muslim communities in nonmember states. The financing practices of the bank are conducted in conformity with the principles and laws of Islam. T......
9. Development Development Research, Development Theories Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Development, H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Development, Boczek, Boleslaw Adam [...]...
10. Exclusive Patronage Contract Also known as a merchant's contract or shipper's rate agreement, an agreement whereby a shipper of goods by water agrees to ship all his cargo over a given trade route aboard carriers that are member lines of the steamship CONFERENCE (read th......
11. Bailee Receipt A document used in import financing evidencing title to merchandise. The importer executes a Bailee receipt as a condition of receiving from his bank negotiable bills of lading, acknowledging the title holder of the goods to be the bank, for whom the merchant serves as agent. If the merchandise is s......
12. International Investment Bank A multinational development bank, membership of which is comprised of the Soviet Union and its allies. The bank was formed in 1970 to foster "economic efficiency and intensification" in the member states. The authorized capital of the bank is 1,071,300,000 transferable rubles, of which 374......
13. Liquidity Balance In national balance of payments accounting, the sum of the basic balance (i.e., current account plus long-term capital transactions), short-term capital transactions, net changes in holdings of special drawing rights, plus errors and omissions.......
14. Cofinancing An arrangement whereby commercial banks and official lending institutions participate in World Bank financing of development projects in Third World countries. The World Bank acts as lead manager for the loan and provides partial funding from its own resources; commercial banks and official lenders ......
15. On Deck Cargo Cargo, normally of a hazardous nature, that is stowed on the deck of the vessel for easy discharge overboard in the event of fire or other danger. The bill of lading for cargo stowed on deck for reasons of safety will bear a special "on deck" notation which conveys that the goods are carri......
16. Deprivation Deprivation (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Deprivation means: loss of economic fundamentals (food, shelter, etc.), social (health, education, etc.) and other benefits....
17. List of United Nations Cross References List of United Nations Cross References Economic and Social Council General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade International Bank for Reconstruction ... Read more...
18. Discretionary Cargo Cargo exempt from the controls of cargo preference legislation that require certain goods be shipped only aboard vessels of the home country or of other countries with which special arrangements have been concluded. Discretionary cargoes may be shipped aboard the vessels of any country.......
19. Export Value Summary of Export Value The price at which a foreign manufacturer customarily freely offers for sale a given product for export to the United States in the usual wholesale quantities, less export discounts, packing, and costs of preparing the goods for export. The use of this value [...]...
20. Special Cargo Policy A marine cargo policy issued to cover a specific shipment. A special policy may be issued when the shipper infrequently transports goods by water, or when the merchandise is so unusual or so valuable as to warrant a special policy. Frequent shippers customarily obtain an Open Policy (...
21. International Development Association International Development Association Outline The IDA is one of the two affiliates of the World Bank. It came into existence in 1962 under the Articles of Agreement of the International Development Association of 1960. Its main function is to provide loans on more favourable and flexible terms [...]...
22. United Nations Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) United Nations Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, United Nations Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) means: of the United Nations constitutes one of the six (one is not active at the moment) principal organs of the United Nations and it is [...]...
23. Respondentia The pledge of cargo by a vessel's master as collateral for a loan to permit the ship to continue on its journey or to make arrangements to forward the goods. The bond so created gives the lender a Maritime Lien (read thi......
24. Trust Receipt An instrument in which a borrower pledges certain specific goods as collateral for a loan. The trust receipt certifies that the named goods are held in trust for the creditor or are segregated in the borrower's premises on behalf of the lender. Proceeds from the sale of the pledged goods [...]...
25. Human Development Human Development in United Nations Activities In this context, Human Development means: is the expansion of people's freedoms to live long, healthy and creative lives; to advanceother goals they have reason to value;and to engage actively in shaping development equitably and sustainably [...]...
26. Other Holders Institutions other than central banks, national treasuries, and the International Monetary Fund itself that are approved by the IMF to hold Special Drawing Rights (read this and related legal terms for further details). ......
27. Development Finance Development Finance The U.S. Office of Development Finance The Office of Development Finance, part of the The Bureau of Economic ... Read more...
28. Current Account Summary of Current Account An entry in a nation's balance of payments accounts reflecting the purchase of goods or services for consumption immediately or in the near future. See Balance of Payments.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Current Account and International Trade [...]...
29. Development Institutions Development Institutions in International Economic Law In international economic law, development institutions includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> World Bank Group (WBG) Regional Development Banks (IDB) International Trade Center (ITC) [...]...
30. Overcarried Cargo Goods not discharged at their port of destination, but left aboard the vessel for discharge at a subsequent port.......
31. Bank Acceptance Bank Acceptance in International Trade Meaning of Bank Acceptance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A draft accepted by a bank usually for the purpose of financing the sale of goods to or by the bank's customer. The bill may be drawn , for example, by [...]...
32. Deck Cargo Deck Cargo in International Trade Meaning of Deck Cargo, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Goods shipped on the deck of a ship rather than in its holds. Since deck cargo is more exposed to the elements, traders may wish to stipulate that goods not be [...]...
33. Structural Adjustment Lending World Bank program designed to assist developing nations with balance of payments problems resulting from correctable internal economic patterns. The program provides hard currency loans conditional upon agreement by the beneficiary country to undertake certain specified corrective measures, [...]...
34. United Nations Economic and Social Development Functions of the UN: Economic and Social DevelopmentIntroduction to United Nations Economic and Social DevelopmentThe second major function of the UN is to promote economic and social development worldwide. The UN engages in a myriad of activities and sponsors a large number of age......
35. International Bank For Economic Cooperation A clearinghouse for international settlements among COMECON members established at Moscow in 1963. The object of the bank was to eliminate the need for strict bilateral settlement of trade balances among members by use of accounts in "transferable rubles." The tranferable ruble, however, h......
36. United States Trade Representative An office, with ambassadorial rank, created by Congress to direct U.S. trade negotiations during the Kennedy and Tokyo Rounds. Known previously as the special trade representative and the special representative for trade negotiations, the office was reorganized with expanded powers by Executive [...]...
37. Schooling Expected Years of Schooling (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Expected Years of Schooling means: number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age — specific enrolment rates were to stay the same throughout [...]...
38. Bank of International Settlements Bank of International Settlements (BIS) This section provides an overview of bank of international settlements (bis) within the legal context of Monetary Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Pierre Panchaud, "Bank of [...]...
39. World Bank World Bank and the World Bank Group Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including World Bank , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including World Bank , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) [...]...
40. World Bank Group World Bank Group in International Trade Meaning of World Bank Group, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Bank Group is a specialized United Nations agency dedicated to improving living standards in developing countries through facilitation and [...]...
41. Customary Freight Unit As used within the context of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, the unit upon which freight is assessed on bulk or unpackaged cargoes. The act provided that a carrier's liability for loss or damage to cargo shall be limited (in the 1980s) to $500 per package, or "other customary freight uni......
42. In-bond The condition of goods that have been temporarily exempted from customs clearance and duties, in lieu of which the importer or custodian of the goods has posted a surety with customs authorities to ensure that the goods will not be released or consumed until formal examination and clearance [...]...
43. Standard International Trade Classification A system for capture of international trade statistics developed under the auspices of the United Nations. The original SITC was adopted by the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations in July 1950. By 1960 many nations were compiling data on a commodity basis; coincidental with the [...]...
44. Basic Balance In balance of payments accounting, the sum of the current account plus net long-term capital transactions, public and private. See Balance of Payments.......
45. Bilateral Agreement In general, any treaty, protocol, or understanding between two nations. The term has particular application in the area of commercial air transportation, where a bilateral agreement is an understanding between two countries permitting the commercial aircraft of one nation to land in and carry [...]...
46. Official Development Assistance Summary of Official Development Assistance Financial and technical assistance provided by the governments of industrial nations to less developed nations. This assistance may be provided on a bilateral or multilateral basis, but always emanates from the governmental (i.e., official) sector, [...]...
47. Entry of Goods Entry of Goods and the Laws of International Trade Entry of goods: Overview Customs Trade Law The entry process Evidence of right to make entry Entry for consumption Entry documents Surety Entry summary documentation Electronic entry: Automated Commercial [...]...
48. Breakbulk Cargo Breakbulk Cargo in International Trade Meaning of Breakbulk Cargo, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Non-containerized cargo that may be grouped or consolidated for shipment, and then is later broken down, subdivided, or distributed at a further [...]...
49. Capital Account Entries in a nation's balance of payment accounts reflecting long- or shortterm loans made to other countries, or by other countries to the recording nation. See Balance of Payments.......
50. Container Freight Station A warehouse or terminal licensed by U.S. Customs to receive in-bond consolidations of containerized cargo. The containers delivered to this station carry imported merchandise in small lots destined to many consignees; the goods will be removed from the containers under customs supervision and [...]...
51. Forty-Forty-Twenty A provision of the Unctad Code Of Conduct For Liner Conferences (read this and related legal terms for further details) that calls for a system of cargo preference in which 40 percent of export cargoes would move on shi......
52. Hague Agreement The product of a 1924 conference on ocean carrier liability sponsored by the International Chamber of Commerce. The agreement embraced various defenses to carrier liability for loss or damage to cargo and established a limitation of liability at one hundred pounds sterling (approximately five hundre......
53. Heavy Cargo A load of cargo that settles a vessel down to its marks in the water but does not fully occupy the cubic capacity of the ship.......
54. Light Cargo A cargo that fully occupies the cubic capacity of a ship but does not bring the vessel down to its marks in the water.......
55. Manifest A document listing all the cargo stowed aboard a vessel, usually broken down by port of unloading. The manifest is an abstract of the individual bills of lading issued for each consignment and is customarily provided to customs authorities for inspection upon landing.......
56. Stowage The act of placing cargo within the hold of a vessel for transit. The term has been extended to include the loading of cargo within containers.......
57. Trade Barrier Summary of Trade Barrier Constraints upon the exchange of goods among nations imposed by governments; such constraints are manifested in the form of tariffs, quotas, exchange controls, and a variety of so-called nontariff barriers. Barriers usually arise to protect domestic industries, [...]...
58. Manufactured Exports Manufactured Exports (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Manufactured Exports means: defined according to the Standard International Trade Classification to include exports of chemicals, basic manufactures, machinery and transport equipment and other miscellaneous manufactured goods....
59. Cargo Deadweight The cargo-carrying capacity, expressed in long tons, of a vessel when fully loaded excepting water, stores, bunkers, and supplies.......
60. Hazardous Cargo Cargo having dangerous properties requiring special stowage or handling in transit. Precise regulations defining what is hazardous and prescribing how such materials shall be packed, labeled, and documented are to be found in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations. In addition, goods going abro......
61. Particular Average Summary of Particular Average A partial loss of the value of cargo shipped by sea attributable to a marine peril. See free of particular average.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Particular Average in International Trade Meaning of Particular Average, according to the Dictionary [...]...
62. Transaction Value Of Similar Goods Sold An alternative method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
63. United Nations and Economic Development Functions of the UN: Economic and Social Development Economic DevelopmentIntroduction to United Nations and Economic DevelopmentThe UN operates under the principle that promoting economic and social development will help bring about lasting world peace. The organization's chart......
64. United Nations Development Program Introduction to United Nations Development Program United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), permanent arm of the United Nations General Assembly. The conference, established in December 1964, followed an earlier meeting in which 120 nations participated in discussions of [...]...
65. Current Balance Current Balance in International Trade Meaning of Current Balance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The value of all exports (goods plus services) less all imports of a country over a specific period of time, equal to the sum of the trade (visible) and [...]...
66. Concept of Human Development Major Components _f the Concept of Human Development (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Major Components _f the Concept of Human Development means: Efficiency. People must be productive agents of the economy so that they possess the economic means to broaden their choices. [...]...
67. Unesco Unesco Unesco, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Unesco, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization means: _s specialized agency of the United Nations, UNESCO contributes to the building of [...]...
68. Cargo-Carrying Capacity Synonymous with Deadweight Tonnage (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
69. Consignee The person or firm to whom goods are shipped under a bill of lading (read this and related legal terms for further details) and so named in the bill.......
70. Import Substitution Summary of Import Substitution The act of eliminating imports of a given product by commencing production locally, often accompanied by controls such as increased duties, quotas, or outright bans to discourage or prevent continued foreign imports. This approach is fairly common on the part [...]...
71. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Conference On Trade And Development (UNCTAD) Introduction to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, permanent arm of the United Nations General Assembly. The conference, established in December 1964, followed [...]...
72. Adult Adult Illiteracy Rate (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Adult Illiteracy Rate means: _alculated as 100 minus the adult literacy rate. Mortality Rate, Adult (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Mortality Rate, Adult means: probability per 1,000 that a 15-year-old [...]...
73. IMF The International Monetary Fund, abbreviated as IMF, is an international organisation, at present counting 188 member countries, with the mission to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic [...]...
74. International Trade Center International Trade Center (ITC) This section provides an overview of international trade center (itc) within the legal context of Development Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations [...]...
75. Freight Summary of Freight The earnings that a carrier derives from the carriage of merchandise. Freight should not be confused with cargo, which is the merchandise itself. Also, the term freight is used to represent payment made by a charterer to the vessel's owner for use of a ship under a [...]...
76. General Superintendence A generic term applied to any one of a number of firms associated with the Société Générale de Surveillance of Geneva. The basic responsibility of these offices is to inspect cargo to ensure compliance with the terms of purchase or import regulations. Several nations, as ......
77. Official Settlements Balance An element of national balance of payments accounting that represents the transfer of reserve assets to, or borrowing from, foreign governments in order to offset a balance of payments deficit.......
78. Public Goods Global Public Good(s) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Global Public Good(s) means: a global public good is a good that has the three following properties : 1. It is non-rivalrous. Consumption of this good by anyone does not reduce the quantity available to other agents; 2. It [...]...
79. Correspondent Bank Summary of Correspondent Bank A bank that acts as the representative of another bank in a given transaction. As a rule, correspondents have sums on deposit with each other for the purpose of settling the transactions of the other bank.(Main Author: William J. Miller) [...]...
80. Port Summary of Port An area within which vessels regularly load or discharge cargo, including such places where vessels await berthing.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International [...]...
81. African Development Bank African Development Bank Outline The agreement to establish the AfDB came into existence in 1964, and the bank began to operate in 1966. Its membership is open to both African and non-African countries. There are about 75 members in the bank. As a regional development bank, the AfDB provides [...]...
82. Bank Holding Companies In the United States For information about bank holding companies in the context of international trade, click here...
83. Bulk Cargo Bulk Cargo in International Trade Meaning of Bulk Cargo, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Cargo that consist entirely of one commodity and is usually shipped without packaging. Examples of bulk cargo are grain, coal, and oil....
84. Cargo Rice A cargo of rice in bulk, of which 25 percent is clean (or husked) and 25 percent paddy (or unhusked) rice. This mixture is used during waterborne transport so as to prevent cargo sweating, i.e., the condensation of water vapor as the cargo moves from a tropical to a cooler latitude.......
85. Central Bank The principal monetary authority of a nation. In most commercially developed nations the central bank issues the currency and acts as banker for the government and the nation's commercial banks. By setting the rate at which it will lend money to commercial banks, the central bank [...]...
86. Dock Receipt A document used at some ports to acknowledge delivery of cargo to a pier for shipment aboard a given vessel. The format of a dock receipt often resembles that of a bill of lading and contains substantially the same information concerning the cargo; it is signed and/or stamped by the stevedore [...]...
87. Hamburg Rules A proposed international convention dealing with carrier liability for loss or damage to cargo transported by sea. Known formally as the United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea 1978, the convention was the product of a conference held at Hamburg, Federal Republic of [...]...
88. Overbooked The condition in which too much cargo has been accepted for a given vessel sailing. It is not necessary that all the cargo be delivered to the pier, merely that too many bookings, or space allocations, have been issued. The customary carrier response is to hold some of the cargo, usually the late ar......
89. Basic Law Basic Law in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: This is a list of articles about the fundamental constitutional laws, known as Basic Laws, of various jurisdictions. Often, the use of the term "Basic Law" rather than "constitution" is intentional to [...]...
90. Basic concepts to studying law Contents Basic concepts to studying law This is a list of indispensable precursor concepts for anyone interested in studying law. ... Read more...
91. Basic Rights Spanish Translation of basic rights and human rightsThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to basic rights or human rights and / or a definition of this topic: Derechos Fundamentales (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
92. Basic Patent Basic Patent in E.U. Patent SystemThe first member of a Derwent patent family. This may or may not be the first published patent (which is usually the first to be documented by services such as Derwent World Patents Index)....
93. Basic Instruments BISD (Basic Instruments and Selected Documents) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of BISD (Basic Instruments and Selected Documents): A series of documents, updated at [...]...
94. Basic Principles of Criminal Law Basic Principles of Criminal Law Explained References See Also Criminal Law (in international or comparative law) Criminal Procedure (in international or comparative law) Resources See Also Criminal Law Criminal Procedure...
95. Basic Principles of Law Basic Principles of Law: Main Elements The coverage of Basic Principles of Law includes the following main elements: The Civil Law and Common Law Traditions For detailed information on this issue, please read the corresponding entry. The Constitution of the United States of America Please, [...]...
96. Basic Education Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
97. Basic Skill Resources See Also Legal Education Education Education Law Higher Education Vocational Training Training...
98. Basic Training Resources See Also Vocational Training Training Vocational Education Continuing Legal Education Training Contract...
99. Basic Education in Muslim Countries Basic Education In Muslim Countries in 2016 Whether they attend school or not, some 250 million children in Muslim majority countries do not learn the basic skills required to be competitive economic actors in a globalized world. Drop-out rates remain high and too few students, particularly [...]...
100. Arbitration: Basic features of the convention's regime on arbitration agreements Contents Arbitration: Basic features of the convention’s regime on arbitration agreements Arbitration agreements are presumed valid The drafters of the ... Read more...
101. Guides to Sources of Basic Legislation Contents Guides to Sources of Basic Legislation Sources of Legislation in Scotland Scottish law recognises four sources of law: legislation, ... Read more...
102. Pacific Basic Economic Council Pacific Basic Economic Council (PBEC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Pacific Basic Economic Council (PBEC): A consultative grouping comprising government and private-sector representatives [...]...
103. Back Letter A letter of indemnity issued by a shipper of cargo to a steamship line to secure issuance of a clean bill of lading where one might not be issued otherwise. For example, a carrier may initially refuse to issue a clean bill of lading for cargo which appears to be damaged; a notation to this [...]...
104. Back-To-Back Letter Of Credit A letter of credit raised to purchase goods that will be sold under a different letter of credit. A broker or other intermediary who is the beneficiary under a customer's letter of credit may use that credit as collateral to open a second letter of credit to actually purchase the goods it plans ......
105. Backspread In arbitrage, the less-than- customary margin between purchase and sale price.......
106. Backwash Effect An adverse economic condition which arises from excess emphasis upon export expansion. The condition is common among developing countries, which are compelled to expand exports to secure foreign currency with which to fund essential imports. By targeting export industries for expansion, resources ar......
107. Bad Order A railcar awaiting repair, or otherwise out of service.......
108. Bailee Summary of Bailee A person or firm entrusted with temporary possession of the personal property of another. Possession of the goods by the Bailee conveys no title and the Bailee must surrender them to the owner upon completion of the purpose that gave rise to the bailment. A steamship [...]...
109. Baksheesh A gift or payment to a business associate or government official in the Middle East in anticipation of, or as an inducement to, completion of a business deal. The gratuity so provided is not regarded (by the recipient, at least) as a bribe, but as a token of esteem and friendship.......
110. Balance of Payments Balance Of Payments Summary of Balance Of Payments The sum owed to or by a nation as the result of its international transactions during a given time period, usually one year. The balance of payments is calculated by subtracting the nation's total payments to foreigners from total [...]...
111. Balance On Current Account A component of a nation's balance of payments (q. v.) ......
112. Balance On Goods And Services A component of a nation's BALANCE OF PAYMENTS (read this legal term for further details)......
113. Balanced Growth National economic growth, as measured by an increase in the popular standard of living, achieved by the coordination of three factors: (1) reduction in dependence upon raw materials production as the primary source of national income; (2) intensification of manufacturing, especially in the area of c......
114. Bale Cargo Cargo bound in burlap or similar material for international shipment.......
115. Balespace The internal cargo-carrying capacity of a vessel, including hatchways, expressed in cubic feet.......
116. Ballast Weighty material carried by a ship when partially or completely empty so as to stabilize the vessel in the water.......
117. Ballast Bonus Additional compensation paid by charterers to a vessel's owners to position the ship close to or at the port of loading. The bonus is designed to defray the cost of running the ship empty or at less than capacity to a distant port to pick up cargo.......
118. Balloon Cargo A cargo of low density, especially one that fully occupies the internal cubic capacity of a conveyance without approaching the vehicle's weight limitations.......
119. Balloon Payments One or more payments toward the end of a loan that are significantly larger than the payments earlier in the life of the loan. See BULLET PAYMENT.......
120. Banana Republic Term for any of several Central American republics that have been largely dependent upon banana exports as a source of foreign exchange. The term is used generally, in a disparaging sense, to refer to underdeveloped Latin American countries.......