Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Constituency Ad Hoc Electoral Constituency in Election Law Constituency established specifically for one particular election, which is therefore redefined periodically. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
2. Invalid Ballot Invalid Ballot in Election Law Voting paper that is marked incorrectly, in a way that does not conform with the electoral law and procedures, or is illegible so that the voter's choice cannot be determined. Several things can invalidate a ballot, according to the electoral law: (1) a [...]...
3. Ballot Structure Ballot Structure in Election Law For a single ballot, presentation of the relevant information, including the names of candidates or parties, their numbers as the case may be, their photograph or the symbols and logos used to facilitate their identification, particularly by illiterate voters. [...]...
4. Ballot Box Ballot Box in Election Law Container in which voters insert their ballot after indicating their choice or, in multiple ballot systems, after choosing their preferred ballot. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
5. Ballot Paper Mock Ballot Paper in Election Law Ballot paper used during civic and voter education campaigns to familiarise voters with the real ballot papers used on election day. It shows the ballot structure, how it should be marked and how to avoid marking it in a way that would render it invalid. [...]...
6. Votes Single Non-transferable Vote (sntv) in Election Law Electoral system in which the voter is asked to vote for a single candidate in a multi-member district represented by several seats. The candidates who receive the most votes are declared winners. In this type of system, electors vote for [...]...
7. Ballots Challenged Ballot in Election Law Any type of ballot paper that is contested. These are temporarily excluded from the count and set aside to clarify their validity. Discarded Ballot in Election Law Ballot paper issued to a voter and recorded as such but not placed in the ballot box. For [...]...
8. Electoral System Electoral System in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: The structures and processes necessary to hold an election including the electoral laws, system of appointment, redistribution and voting. Electoral System in Election Law The part of the electoral regulations [...]...
9. Electoral Advertising Electoral Advertising in Election Law Used by candidates of public or private, free or paid media or advertising to promote their political programme and mobilise voters before an election starts, according to electoral law and the election calendar. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral [...]...
10. Election Campaign Election Campaign in Election Law Series of activities, occurring before a vote, carried out by political parties or individuals, in order to promote their political programme and principles. These activities can include meetings, rallies, interviews, debates, etc., in order to attract the [...]...
11. Spoilt Spoilt Ballot in Election Law A ballot which is invalid due to printing irregularities, tearing or ink stains or that is damaged in any other way, for example if the voter makes a mistake. Spoilt ballots are set aside and cannot be used in the vote. (See: Discarded ballot). Resources See Also [...]...
12. Candidacy Candidacy Withdrawal in Election Law Situation of a person who stood as a candidate but decides to stand down from the electoral race before election day. This can come as the result of a personal decision or the result of a decision by the political party to which the person belongs. In many [...]...
13. Absentee Vote Absentee Vote or Ballot in Election Law Method by which a person may vote without going to the polling station on election day. Depending on national laws, the voter has a certain period of time during which he or she can obtain a ballot before the election. The ballot paper is filled out and [...]...
14. Ballot Counting Ballot Counting in Election Law Series of operations performed after voting has closed to count the number of ballots in a ballot box, compare that number to the signatures on the voter register and count the number of votes obtained by each list or candidate. Resources See Also Election Law [...]...
15. Blank Ballot Blank Ballot in Election Law Voting paper on which a voter makes no mark, so as to not indicate a choice. Blank ballots are sometimes treated and counted as invalid, in the same way that a ballot paper marked twice is disqualified. In some countries, a blank vote can be seen as a political [...]...
16. Manifesto Election Platform or Manifesto or Programme in Election Law The principles, values and projects that one or more candidates or political party present during their campaign and commit to uphold and implement in order to secure as many votes as possible on election day. Resources See Also [...]...
17. Valid Valid Ballot or Valid Vote in Election Law Ballot which clearly indicates the voter's intention and fulfils the requirements of electoral law and can be included in the vote count. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
18. Rally An increase in stock or commodity prices following a decline.......
19. Candidate Candidate, person who seeks or is nominated for an office, prize, or honor. In politics, candidates aspire to be elected to office by conducting campaigns. (1) Candidate in Election Law Any person who aspires to public office and fulfills the eligibility criteria set by the Election Management [...]...
20. Campaign Financing Campaign Financing or Finance in Election Law Financial resources needed to cover the costs of an election campaign, so that candidates may publicise their political programme. In democratic countries, campaign financing is regulated by law to ensure political independence and to provide equal [...]...
21. Election Process Election Process in Election Law Set of legal measures and concrete operations needed to hold an election. A starting point may be a writ or decree calling voters to vote in a particular election and may require the adoption of an electoral law. The election process includes voter [...]...
22. Credibility Credibility in Election Law In the context of elections, voter confidence in the electoral process, including voter registration, the electoral system, procedures, vote count, etc., and also in the main actors: political parties, candidates, the Election Management Body (EMB) and the media, [...]...
23. Media Monitoring Media Coverage in Election Law Role played by the media in informing the public about an event such as an election. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
24. Pre-election Election Silence or Pre-election Silence in Election Law Term used to describe the end of an election campaign, at which point all participants in the election process – candidates and the media in particular – are banned from making statements and taking action to promote a [...]...
25. Activities Busing Activities in Election Law Transportation by bus (or other means) of voters, organised by candidates or political parties so that people can go and cast their votes. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
26. Party Convention Party Convention in Election Law Periodic meeting of a party's leaders and delegates to discuss and approve the party's platform and position on key questions in an upcoming election, as well as to elect the party leaders for a given period, usually until the next convention. During a [...]...
27. Voting Preference Voting in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: A ranked ballot or preferential voting system is a type of voting system in which each voter casts their vote by ranking candidates in order of preference. 'Bandwagon' Voting in Election Law Voting for [...]...
28. List The measure of a vessel's tilt from the vertical plane, in degrees.......
29. District District Magnitude in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: The number of candidates to be elected from an electoral district....
30. Mark Mark or Tick in Election Law A sign defined by electoral law which the voter writes next to or on the name of the candidate or party of their choice on the ballot. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
31. Optical Mark Recognition Optical Mark Recognition (omr) Device in Election Law A scanner that can read specific marks in a defined set of locations on a page. The computer software used by an OMR scanner is programmed to recognise the meaning of the various marks and to convert scanned images into computer-readable [...]...
32. Vote System Block Vote System in Election Law A plurality/majority system used in multi-member districts in which electors have as many votes as there are candidates to be elected. Voting is candidate centred. The candidates with the highest total number of votes win the seats. Resources See Also [...]...
33. Professional Campaign Professional in Election Law Person with proven experience in planning and conducting election campaigns. He or she is specifically skilled in campaign techniques and in making them work, as well as in fundraising, developing campaign messages, working with and through the media, [...]...
34. Voter Eligible Voter in Election Law Individual who satisfies the legal requirements to participate in an election. These requirements are usually related to nationality, age, mental health, etc. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
35. Intimidation Intimidation (in an Electoral Context) in Election Law Any action that creates physical or moral pressure on voters, candidates or any other player in the electoral process to alter, modify or change his or her intention or behaviour under duress. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral [...]...
36. Primary Elections Primary Elections in Election Law Elections generally held within political parties to designate the candidates who will represent them in the elections. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
37. Polling Political Campaign How Campaigns are Conducted Polling Introduction to Polling Surveys of voter opinion provide the raw material of modern political campaigns. Political consultants use this information to run campaigns that closely resemble the efforts of businesses to market produc......
38. Election Management Executive Director of The Election Management Body (emb) in Election Law Person responsible for managing the election authority to ensure it works effectively. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
39. Gerrymandering Gerrymandering in Election Law North American political term used to describe the deliberate division or redrawing of electoral districts/ constituencies in a way which gives a political party or candidate an advantage on election day. Concept of Gerrymandering Note: explore also the meaning [...]...
40. International Election International Election Assistance in Election Law Financial and/or technical support provided by international organisations or specialised NGOs to a country in order to help it organise elections. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
41. Reader Optical Reader in Election Law Machine to scan and identify prerecorded data. In an election, this technology can be used to read the ticks or other signs marked on a ballot paper by voters to indicate their choice of candidate(s). An optical reader can also be used to process voter [...]...
42. Counting Centralised Counting in Election Law Situation in which the counting of votes is not processed at the polling station level but at a higher level in the electoral administration's structure. Ballot boxes can be sent to the polling centre or to the district where the ballot papers will be [...]...
43. Political Party Political Party in Election Law Organisation of people who share the same opinions, principles and aspirations regarding how society should be managed and who wish to implement these by obtaining power. Concept of Political Party Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the [...]...
44. By-Law By-law in Election Law In the electoral context, secondary legislation or rules of procedure issued for the purposes of implementing the electoral law. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
45. Constituents Direct Contact With Voters or Constituents in Election Law Any means by which a candidate or list of candidates conveys an electoral message directly to voters rather than using media, such as in face-to-face meetings. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
46. Loser Best Loser System in Election Law Provision under which previously unsuccessful candidates with the most votes in a certain group (e.g. among women) will be elected to the legislature, even if they have fewer votes than other candidates, up until a previously set quota is reached. For example, [...]...
47. Voting System Mixed Voting System in Election Law A system which combines elements of majoritarian and proportional representation systems. There are two kinds of mixed systems: parallel systems and Mixed Member Proportional Systems. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
48. Count Official Count Official in Election Law Person legally responsible for the ballot count. This can be the president of the polling station, other officers or both. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
49. Poll Opinion Poll (for an Election) in Election Law Scientific, quantitative sociological research, based on a representative sample of voters. It is used to determine the opinion of voters on parties and candidates, as well as to ascertain their most likely choice. Resources See Also Election Law [...]...
50. Nomination Introduction to Nomination Nomination, in politics, the formal selection and presentation of a candidate for an elective office. Four principal methods of nomination have been used in the U.S.: nomination by political convention, by primary election, by caucus, and by petition. Before 1800 c......
51. Absolute Majority Absolute Majority in Election Law System in which a candidate (or list of candidates) is elected by obtaining more than 50% of the votes. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
52. Campaign Contributions Campaign Contributions in Election Law Donations, financial or in kind, to support one or several candidates during an election campaign. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
53. Count Form Count Form in Election Law Official document to record different aspects of the counting process, including the number of various types of ballot papers (valid, invalid and blank) and the votes obtained by each candidate or list. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral [...]...
54. Electoral Budget Electoral Budget in Election Law Financial resources allocated for conducting an election according to provisions established by the legal framework. There is always an ordinary budget for day-to-day functioning of the electoral administration and a special electoral budget which is drafted [...]...
55. Equal Opportunity Equal Opportunity in Election Law Provision to all citizens of the conditions necessary so that they may exercise their civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights regardless of gender, race, religion, language, wealth or other factors. In terms of elections, equal opportunity is [...]...
56. Parent Company Parent Company in International Trade Meaning of Parent Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A parent company, sometimes called a holding company, is a corporation that has subsidiaries which are wholly or partially-owned separate businesses [...]...
57. Tier Tier in Election Law The level at which candidates are elected. This can be local, regional or national. All electoral systems have at least one tier, but many have two and some have even three. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
58. Targeting Targeting and International Trade Economy Resources See Also industrial targeting...
59. Election Observation Declaration of Global Principles For Non-partisan Election Observation and Monitoring by Citizen Organisations in Election Law This declaration provides an important set of values and rules for accountability of non-partisan electoral monitoring organisations, in a similar way to those [...]...
60. Open Voting Open Voting in Election Law Situation whereby a voter casts his or her vote in front of everybody in the polling station, meaning the vote is no longer secret. This may happen due to a voter's own carelessness (does not fold his or her ballot paper when leaving the polling booth or simply [...]...
61. Participation Spanish Translation of participationThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to participation and / or a definition of this topic: Participación (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
62. Postal Vote Postal Vote in Election Law Process by which a voter exercises his or her right to vote from home by sending in his or her ballot by mail. It implies previous identification of the voter. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
63. Election Management Body Election Management Body (emb) as an Electoral Commission in Election Law A collective body that is independent from the executive branch of government and which is tasked, by law, to prepare and implement elections. It is administratively and financially independent and is made up of [...]...
64. Indirect Suffrage Indirect Suffrage in Election Law Process in which voters in an election do not choose between candidates for an office but rather elect persons who will then make the choice. An example of this is when voters elect their representatives in parliament who, in turn, elect the president. [...]...
65. Political Rights International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (iccpr) in Election Law The ICCPR builds on the right to political participation by further detailing the requirements associated with elections that are a key part of this right. Article 25 of the ICCPR has been referred to as 'the [...]...
66. Electoral Legislation Electoral Legislation in Election Law Set of constitutional, legislative, regulatory or other texts which govern the election process. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
67. Public Confidence Public Confidence (in an Electoral Context) in Election Law State of mind of a population in relation to the environment in which elections take place and the political class. Confidence can be inspired by electoral processes that are transparent, inclusive, understandable and respect the will [...]...
68. Plurality Plurality in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: A term related to the "first past the post" system of voting. The candidate who attains the highest number of votes in an election or ballot attains a plurality or "simple majority" of votes and is elected....
69. Block Party Block Vote (pbv) in Election Law A plurality/majority system using multi-member districts in which voters cast a single party-centred vote for a party of choice and do not choose between candidates. The party with the most votes will win every seat in the electoral district. Resources [...]...
70. Electoral Rights Electoral Rights in Election Law All the civil rights and liberties that a citizen may enjoy in the context of an election, including the right to register as a voter, the right to vote, stand as a candidate, join a political party and campaign. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws [...]...
71. Fundraising Fundraising in Election Law Any method used to collect funds for an election campaign or for the financing of political parties within the limits set by law. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
72. Carousel Voting Carousel Voting in Election Law A method of vote rigging which involves multiple voting, in particular when voters are transported to different polling stations so that they can cast their votes for the same candidate or the same list more than once. Another example is voters using a ballot [...]...
73. Electoral Quotient Electoral Quotient in Election Law Method used to calculate the number of votes necessary to obtain a seat in a proportional representation system. It can be determined at constituency level by dividing the number of valid votes cast (V) by the number of seats (S) in the constituency, or at [...]...
74. Alternative Vote Majority (Alternative Vote Method) in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: This majority system is based upon, full, standard, and preferential voting. Accordingly electors are required to number all candidates in order of preference. A candidate requires an absolute [...]...
75. Election Day Election Day in Election Law Day on which voters go to polling stations to vote and elect their leaders or representatives. (See: Voting period). Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
76. Election Irregularity Election Irregularity in Election Law Acts of inadvertence or negligence by election officers or actors in the electoral process that violate the procedures or the electoral law. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
77. Multi-party Elections Multi-party Elections in Election Law Elections in which a minimum of two parties or candidates runs for office. Plurality is an essential condition of democratic elections. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
78. Political Environment Political Environment in Election Law Various conditions and components of a political scene in a given country at a given time, together with its actors: members of the government, political parties, the opposition, those who are represented and those who are not, etc. The term is often used [...]...
79. Code of Conduct Code of Conduct and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Code of Conduct: An international agreement establishing standards of behavior --by countries, corporations, or [...]...
80. Eligibility In the United States For information about Eligibility in the context of international trade, click here Eligibility (to be Elected) in Election Law The legal capacity to be a candidate. Eligibility (to Vote) in Election Law The legal capacity to be a voter. Resources See Also Disability [...]...
81. Legal Framework Legal Framework in Election Law Broad system of rules surrounding the electoral process, consisting of constitutional provisions, legislation and regulations. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
82. Voter Information Voter Information in Election Law A process of giving relevant factual information about an election process on a timely basis. This includes when, where and how voters will vote. When this is done during the preparatory stages of an election, particularly a general election, it aids [...]...
83. Majority Majority (By an unspecified method) in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: In any majority electoral system, there is necessariliy a method of deciding the winner when no single option has a majority of the votes cast. However, the method is not always specified in the [...]...
84. Election Cost Election Cost in Election Law All expenses incurred for the preparation and conduct of an election, which may include core, integrity and diffused costs. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
85. Election Observer Election Observer in Election Law A person who witnesses the proceedings of election preparation or conduct and may comment and report, but is not entitled to intervene in the process. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
86. Open List Open List in Election Law In the proportional pepresentation system, this is a form of list in which voters can express a preference both for a party or grouping and for one, or sometimes more, candidates within that party or grouping. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral [...]...
87. Preliminary Preliminary Results in Election Law Total or partial results released by the electoral administration. They cannot be considered final or official until all complaints and appeals have been resolved. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
88. Subsidiary Company Spanish Translation of dependent company and subsidiary companyThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to dependent company or subsidiary company and / or a definition of this topic: Empresa Dependiente (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
89. Subsidiary Units Subsidiary Units in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: By subsidiary units, we mean any of the following: states, provinces, districts, departments, etc....
90. Subsidiary Organs Embracing mainstream international law, this section on subsidiary organs explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "subsidiary organs" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
91. Subsidiary Sources Embracing mainstream international law, this section on subsidiary sources explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "subsidiary sources" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
92. Subsidiary Means Embracing mainstream international law, this section on subsidiary means explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "subsidiary, supplementary, means" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
93. Stuffing The act of loading a container.......
94. Support Introduction to Support Support, in law, furnishing of funds or means for maintenance of a lifestyle. Support can include anything requisite to housing, food supplies, clothing, health, recreation, or vacation." (1) Resources Notes and References Information about ...
95. Supreme Court Supreme Court in Election Law Highest court in a country's judicial system. The electoral law can give it jurisdiction in some election-related disputes. The U.S. Supreme Court The Supreme Court is the highest court of the United States, and the only one specifically created by the [...]...
96. Surplus Surplus Votes in Election Law In a single transferable vote (STV) system, this is the number of votes that that exceeds the votes that a candidate needs to win a seat and which are, therefore, transfered to other candidates. Resources See Also Forestry Natural Resources Forest Law Resources [...]...
97. Government Government Definition Government may be defined as a political organization comprising the individuals and institutions authorized to formulate public policies and conduct affairs of state. Governments are empowered to establish and regulate the interrelationships of the people within their [...]...
98. Boycott Summary of Boycott A conspiracy or coalition for the purpose of impeding the commerce of another. Boycotts are often attempts to advance political objectives by economic means and fall into two categories; the primary boycott, in which a party to the boycott refrains from trading with the [...]...
99. Consolidation Summary of Consolidation The combination of various small shipments into one large shipment so as to achieve a lower overall freight rate.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Consolidation of Results in Election Law A process of bringing together election results from a number of [...]...
100. Discrimination Summary of Discrimination Unequal treatment in the duties, quotas, or administrative controls accorded to the products of one or more nations. Generally speaking, any nation which does not enjoy most FAVORED NATION (read this and related legal terms for further details) status is the subject [...]...
101. Endorsement A signature, whether or not accompanied by other writings, on the back of a negotiable instrument. By effecting endorsement, the endorsing party usually undertakes to guarantee performance of the instrument, commonly the payment of a specified sum of money at a date prescribed in the [...]...
102. Parity In arbitrage usage, an equivalent value for two currencies; for example, the Bermuda dollar enjoys parity with the U.S. dollar (B$l = U.S.SI).......
103. Quota Summary of Quota A restriction on the amount of a given item that may be imported during a given period. Quotas can be divided into two categories. An absolute, or quantitative, quota permits a definite limit on the quantity of an item that may be imported from a given country during a [...]...
104. Sex The Legal History of Illicit Sexual Intercourse in Chinese Law This section provides an overview of Illicit Sexual Intercourse in Chinese Law Sex in Election Law Refers to the biological characteristics that define humans as female or male. Sex Disaggregated Data or Statistics in Election Law [...]...
105. Subrogation Spanish Translation of subrogation This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to subrogation and / or a definition of this topic: Subrogación (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). Subrogation in International Trade Meaning of Subrogation, [...]...
106. Transfer Spanish Translation of transferThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to transfer and / or a definition of this topic: Cesión (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
107. Supplier Supplier Credits and International Trade Supplier in International Trade Meaning of Supplier, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The party furnishing goods or services in a business transaction in return for the agreed upon compensation. As such, suppliers [...]...
108. Surcharge Surcharge and International Trade Resources See Also Import Surcharge...
109. Consultant Political Communications Advisor or Consultant in Election Law A communication specialist who helps candidates to improve their image among electors. This political advisor works on two levels. Firstly, he or she studies the electors' behaviour, so as to understand the profile that appeals [...]...
110. Deadline Deadline For Voter Registration in Election Law Date after which citizens may no longer register to exercise their right to vote. Voter registration occurs over a specific period, defined by electoral law. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
111. Door-to-door Door-to-door in Election Law One way of reaching out to voters in which the candidate or volunteers go to voters' homes to speak with them directly. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
112. Hard Money Hard Money (currency) in International Trade Meaning of Hard Money (currency), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Currency of a nation having stability in the country and abroad. Refers to currency that is accepted internationally and freely convertible. [...]...
113. Seal Seal in Election Law A device provided to polling officials for use in securely closing the ballot box and packets containing election materials. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
114. Seat Seat in Election Law Mandate or office of an assembly or council for which an election is held. Seat of the Eus Institutions and Europe There is an entry on seat of the eus institutions in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Seat of the Eus [...]...
115. Seats Allocation of Seats in Election Law Distribution of seats obtained by a party or list of independent candidates, based on the number of votes obtained by each party or individual candidate. Depending on the electoral system in place, the allocation of seats can be subject to complex [...]...
116. Secondment Secondment of Staff in Election Law Temporary transfer of staff from the public service to work as electoral officials. During the period of transfer, the staff members are under the control and direction of the election management body. Resources See Also Personnel Law Enforcement Officer [...]...
117. Secret Ballot Secret Ballot in Election Law A fundamental principle in democratic elections, by which the voter is entitled to vote without being seen by others, a potential source of pressure and intimidation which could invalidate the freedom of choice. An election authority is therefore obliged to [...]...
118. Sensitive Material Sensitive Material in Election Law All material without which polling cannot take place. This includes ballot papers, the voter list, ballot boxes, seals, stamps and indelible ink. Sensitive materials can contain information about individuals or be used for fraudulent purposes. These materials [...]...
119. Sheet Tally Sheet in Election Law Form used to count ballots and/or aggregate results. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
120. Simple Or Relative Majority Simple or Relative Majority in Election Law System where a candidate (or list of candidates) is elected by obtaining the largest number of votes, in comparison with the number of votes obtained by other candidates (or lists of candidates) in the race. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral [...]...