Nonproliferation

Nonproliferation: Executive Order 13382 in 2013

United States views on international law [1] in relation to Nonproliferation: Executive Order 13382: On January 24, 2013, OFAC designated one entity and two individuals pursuant to E.O. 13382 “Blocking Property of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferators and Their Supporters”: Leader (Hong Kong) International Trading Ltd., Kwang-Il KIM, and Kyong-Su RA. 78 Fed. Reg. 8221 (Feb. 5, 2013). On the same date, January 24, 2013, the Department of State determined that the Korean Committee for Space Technology, as well as two individuals, Paek Chang-Ho and Chang Myong-Chin, had engaged, or attempted to engage, in activities triggering the imposition of sanctions pursuant to E.O. 13382. 78 Fed. Reg. 13,139 (Feb. 26, 2013).

Some Aspects of Nonproliferation: Executive Order 13382

On March 7, 2013, OFAC designated three individuals pursuant to E.O. 13382: Ch'o'l-Chae KO, Cho'ng-Nam YO'N, and Cho'ng-Ch'o'l MUN, all North Korean nationals. 78 Fed. Reg. 17,996 (Mar. 25, 2013). On March 11, 2013, OFAC designated one entity and one individual: Foreign Trade Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Se-Bong PAEK. 78 Fed. Reg. 17,997 (Mar. 25, 2013).

Developments

Also on March 11, 2013, the State Department designated three individuals. 78 Fed. Reg. 17,992 (Mar. 25, 2013). These individuals' roles in North Korea's WMD program are described in a March 11, 2013 media note, available at (Secretary of State website) state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/03/205953.htm:

Pak To-Chun is the head of U.S.- and European Union-designated Munitions Industry Department, which manages North Korea's weapons production and arms exports; he succeeded EU-designated Jon Pyong-Ho. Pak is a full member of the Korean Worker Party's (KWP) Political Bureau, its highest decision-making body, as well the National Defense Commission, which, among other things, oversees several elements of North Korea's security apparatus.

Chu Kyu-Chang is a KWP Political Bureau (alternate) member and directs the Munitions Industry Department. He formerly headed the U.S.-designated Second Academy of Natural Sciences (SANS) and the Second Economic Committee (SEC). SANS is a national-level organization responsible for research and development of North Korea's advanced weapons systems, including missiles and probably nuclear weapons. SEC is responsible for overseeing the production of North Korea's ballistic missiles and directs activities of the United Nations-, European Union-, and U.S.-designated Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation (KOMID).

O Kuk-Ryol is a Vice Chairman of the North Korean National Defense Commission. He previously headed the KWP Operations Department, where he ordered the establishment of a nuclear research and development organization directly under his control.

Details

On April 11, 2013, OFAC designated six entities and one individual pursuant to Executive Order 13382: Babak Morteza ZANJANI; First Islamic Investment Bank Ltd.; International Safe Oil; Kont Investment Bank; Kont Kosmetik; Naftiran Intertrade Co. (NICO) Limited; and Sorinet Commercial Trust (SCT) Bankers. 78 Fed. Reg. 25,532 (May 1, 2013).

On May 9, 2013, OFAC designated one individual and five entities pursuant to Executive Order 13382: Parviz KHAKI; Taghtiran Kashan Company; Aluminat; Par Amayesh Sanaat Kish; Pishro Systems Research Company; and Iranian-Venezuelan BiNational Bank. 78 Fed. Reg. 28,702 (May 15, 2013). A May 9, 2013 State Department press statement, available at (Secretary of State website) state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/03/205953.htm, provides some background on each of these persons, who were sanctioned “because they provide the Iranian government goods, technology, and services that increase Iran's ability to enrich uranium and/or construct a heavy water moderated research reactor, both of which are activities prohibited by UN Security Council Resolutions.”

On May 10, 2013, OFAC designated one individual and one entity pursuant to Executive Order 13382: Wen-Fu CHANG; and Trans Multi Mechanics Co. Ltd. 78 Fed. Reg. 32,303 (May 29, 2013). On May 15, 2013, OFAC designated two additional entities: Al Fida International General Trading and Al Hilal Exchange. 78 Fed. Reg. 30,396 (May 22, 2013). On May 23, 2013, OFAC designated six individuals and eight entities pursuant to E.O. 13382 based on their activities associated with Iran's nuclear or weapons programs: Reza MOZAFFARINIA; Ali MAHDAVI; Farhad Ali PARVARESH; Hossein Nosratollah VAZIRI; Bahareh Mirza Hossein YAZDI; Farhad BUJAR; Aban Air; DFS Worldwide; Energy Global International FZE; Everex; Global Sea Line Co. Ltd.; Petro Green; Andisheh Zolal; and Zolal Iran Company. 78 Fed. Reg. 33,471 (June 4, 2013). On May 31, 2013, OFAC designated one entity, Pryvatne Aktsionerne Tovarystvo Aviakompaniya, and six of its aircraft, pursuant to E.O. 13382. 78 Fed. Reg. 34,707 (June 10, 2013).

Arms Control, Disarmament, Nonproliferation in General

In relation to the international law practice and general in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section:

Arms Control, Disarmament, and Nonproliferation

Note: there is detailed information and resources under these topics during the year 2013, covered by this entry on general in this law Encyclopedia.