International Political Economy Trends: International Trade Introduction to International Trade In the 21st century, international trade has grown to 20 percent of the world's total production of goods and services-around $6.5 trillion per year. This volume of trade is almost seven times […]
The Legal History of Zimbabwe This section provides an overview of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On December 9, 2011, OFAC designated two entities pursuant to E.O. 13469, […]
Cross References of Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions in International Law United Nations resolution condemning Iran-supported plot against Saudi ambassador, information on International Criminal Law in this legal Encyclopedia.B.1.b. Designation of Foreign Terrorist […]
Legal Materials: For information about Italian legal resources see Guide to Italian Legal Research and Resources on the Web by Elio Fameli and Fiorenza Socci. For links to additional law-related sites, see the Guide to Law Online: Italy by the Library of Congress. See also the […]
Summary of Joint Venture
A business enterprise with more than one equity participant; for example, an agreement between a German firm and a U.S. firm to capitalize jointly a new factory in Venezuela. Many countries impose restrictions on joint ventures; these restrictions may take the form […]
The Legal History of Sudan This section provides an overview of Sudan Sudan in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): During 2011, the United States continued its bilateral and multilateral initiatives to […]
Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On October 5, 2011 OFAC designated one individual pursuant to Executive Order 13413, of October 27, 2006, "Blocking Property […]
The Legal History of Islamic Law in Iran This section provides an overview of Islamic Law in Iran Iran in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): See information on Nationality, Citizenship and Immigration […]
The Legal History of Eritrea This section provides an overview of Eritrea Eritrea in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On December 5, 2011, acting pursuant to Chapter VII of the United Nations […]
In the United States For information about North Korea in the context of international trade, click here Democratic People's Republic of Korea ("DPRK" or "North Korea") in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice […]
Outline Following an introductory overview of the principles and structure of international trade law, this entry concentrates on the substantive obligations in the agreements that form part of the World Trade Organization Agreement, including tariff and customs?related matters, […]
UN Sanctions against Iran Note: for more information, click here. United Nations Sanctions against Iran by Title, Description and Date: UN Security Council Resolution 1696: Resolution expressing the Security Council's concern about the direction of Iran's nuclear program. (July 31, […]
In the United States For information about Military equipment in the context of international trade, click here
The Wassenaar Arrangement has been established in order to contribute to regional and international security and stability, by promoting transparency and greater responsibility in transfers of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies. The aim is also to prevent the acquisition of […]
The Legal History of Islamic Law in Iraq This section provides an overview of Islamic Law in Iraq Iraq in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On May 17, 2011, President Obama continued the national […]
Countries or entities currently subject to sanctions by the United States: Syria Syria in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): In 2011, acting pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act […]
The Legal History of Cuba This section provides an overview of Cuba Cuba in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On January 14, 2011, President Obama directed the Secretaries of State, Treasury, and […]
Cote D'ivoire Cote D'ivoire in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On April 12, 2011, President Obama called President Alassane Outtara to congratulate him on assuming his duties as the […]
Democratic People's Republic of Korea ("dprk" or "north Korea") in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Democratic People's Republic of Korea ("dprk" or "north Korea"): After North Korea conducted a third nuclear […]
Security Council in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On July 29, 2011, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Security Council adopted Resolution 2002. U.N. Doc. S/RES/2002. The […]
Belarus Sanctions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On February 1, 2011, OFAC issued a final rule amending the Belarus Sanctions Regulations to revoke a general license that had been granted and […]
Executive Order 13551 in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Executive Order 13551, signed by President Obama on August 30, 2010, targets North Korea's importation and exportation of arms, […]
Summary of Embargo A suspension of trade between nations, usually for political reasons. The term embargo is also applied to a governmental edict prohibiting entry or departure from the nation's ports of vessels flying the flag of a particular country. In those cases where ports are closed […]
Resolution 1973 in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On March 17, 2011, the Security Council adopted a second resolution on the situation in Libya, Resolution 1973. U.N. Doc S/RES/1973. Resolution […]
Lifting Sanctions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): After the transition in government in Libya, the Security Council's Libya Sanctions Committee began lifting the sanctions. Some […]
Sanctions, Export Controls, and Certain Other Restrictions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): this subject area of the world Encylopedia of Law discusses selected developments during 2011 relating […]
Export Control and the Laws of International Trade Export control reform initiative Export Administration System Commerce control list Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Dual use items End-use-based controls Reexports Software and technology Regulatory requirements for all […]
United Nations Nonproliferation Sanctions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On April 20, 2011, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1977, extending the mandate of the […]
New Executive Order 13590 and Other Steps Taken in November 2011 in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On November 21, 2011, the United States announced a series of steps to increase pressure on Iran […]
Transpacific Passenger Air Transportation Antitrust Litigation in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On January 21, 2011, the United States filed a statement of interest in the U.S. District Court for […]
Ofac Designations in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): OFAC designated 31 individuals (including their known aliases) and two entities pursuant to Executive Order 13224 during 2011. The designated […]
Executive Order 13536 in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On July 29, 2011 , OFAC designated two individuals pursuant to Executive Order 13536, "Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing […]
Imposition, Implementation, and Modification of Sanctions In relation to the international law practice and imposition, implementation, and modification of sanctions in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, and Certain Other Restrictions […]
In the United States For information about Military in the context of international trade, click here. General Vukotitch: International Incident In the book "International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes", in relation to this subject, L. Oppenheim wrote in 1909: […]
In the United States For information about Acquisitions in the context of international trade, click here Tax Issues in Mergers and Acquisitions Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Acquisitions Intellectual Property and Competition Law Resources See Also Library Law Library Legal […]
Energy-related Sanctions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On March 29, 2011, the State Department announced sanctions on Belarusneft, a state-owned Belarusian energy company, under the Iran […]
Litigation in U.S. Courts Regarding Greenhouse Gas Emissions In relation to the international law practice and Litigation in U.S. Courts Regarding Greenhouse Gas Emissions in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, International […]
Resources See Also Energy Utilities Natural Resources Energy Clean Energy Resources See Also Further Reading Information about Atomic Energy in the Encyclopedia of World Trade: from Ancient Times to the Present (Cynthia Clark Northrup) Atomic Energy and the Laws of International Trade The […]
Modification of Sanctions and Assistance Restrictions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Effective July 18, 2011, the Department of State lifted measures imposed on one individual (Shah Hakim […]
Invoking the Extraordinary Expenses Exemption in Unscr 1970 in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On August 8, 2011, the United States requested that the committee established pursuant to UNSCR 1970 […]
Commerce Department Entity List in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): During 2011 the Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security ("BIS"), amended the Export Administration […]
Imposition, Implementation, and Modification of Sanctions In relation to the international law practice and imposition, implementation, and modification of sanctions in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, and Certain Other Restrictions […]
Iran, North Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation Act in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Effective May 23, 2011, the Department of State imposed sanctions on 14 entities and two individuals under the […]
In re Refined Petroleum Products Antitrust Litigation In relation to the international law practice and In re Refined Petroleum Products Antitrust Litigation in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions About this […]
Export Restrictions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Restrictions: While usage varies, this term is often used to denote quantitative limits or charges on exports […]
Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolutions in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On June 9, 2010, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 1929, which imposed […]
Open Government Partnership in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On July 12, 2011, the United States hosted the first high-level meeting of the Open Government Partnership ("OGP") at the […]
Imposition, Implementation, and Modification of Sanctions In relation to the international law practice and imposition, implementation, and modification of sanctions in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, and Certain Other Restrictions […]
Transnational crime From a criminological perspective, the concept of 'transnational crime' originates from the mid-1970s when the United Nations used the term in order to identify certain criminal activities which transcend national jurisdictions. In 1995, the United Nations identified […]
Compliance with Law The half century since the end of the Second World War has witnessed the proliferation of international norms, not only in traditional areas of international regulation, but in new fields once thought within the exclusive domes tic jurisdiction of states. As the […]