Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. European Atomic Energy Community Summary of European Atomic Energy Community One of the three components of the European Communities, established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957. The entity, known commonly as Euratom, was created by member states of the European Coal and Steel Community (at that time, France, Italy, Federal [...]...
2. European Social Charter Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european social charter explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional [...]...
3. Company Union Company union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Company union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Can be used to describe either an enterprise union or a yellow union. Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Resources Trade Union Topics [...]...
4. European Communities Summary of European Communities The name for the collective institution that embraces the European Economic Community, the European Atomic Energy Community, and the European Coal And Steel Community (qq.v.). Each of the three entities was established by separate convention, the earliest of [...]...
5. European Convention on Cybercrime Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european convention on cybercrime explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "cybercrime, european convention on" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
6. Enterprise Union Enterprise union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Enterprise union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A union whose membership is limited to workers in one particular enterprise. Sometimes called a company union, but should not be confused with a yellow union. Resources Trade [...]...
7. Union Bridge Company Claim Embracing mainstream international law, this section on union bridge company claim explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "union bridge company claim" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
8. European Union law Part 1 Contents European Union law Part 1   1 European Union law International and Comparative Law Quarterly Volume 60, Number 2, ... Read more...
9. European Union law Part 2 Contents European Union law Part 2   14 The Akzo ruling of the Court of Justice and the Private Enforcement ... Read more...
10. European Union law Part 3 Contents European Union law Part 3   23 Determining Jurisdiction in International License Agreements: Falco Privatstiftung (C-533/07) [2009] E.C.R. I-0000 ... Read more...
11. European Union law Part 4 Contents European Union law Part 4   32 European Union Food Law Update: A Special Look at the Treaty of ... Read more...
12. European Union law Part 5 Contents European Union law Part 5   45 Barriers to Financing: Is European Union Indirect Discrimination Law the Answer for ... Read more...
13. European Union law Part 6 Contents European Union law Part 6   65 RELIGION AS A BASIS OF LAW IN THE PUBLIC ORDER OF THE ... Read more...
14. European Union law Part 7 Contents European Union law Part 7   79 Case Law of the European Union Courts – Leading Judgments 16 December ... Read more...
15. European Union law Part 8 Contents European Union law Part 8   96 European Union Environmental Law-Who Legislates for Whom in a Devolved Great Britain ... Read more...
16. European Union law Part 12 Contents European Union law Part 12   168 The Rule of law and the coherence of the judicial system of ... Read more...
17. European Union law Part 13 Contents European Union law Part 13   181 Competition Law and Policy in the European Union OECD Journal of Competition ... Read more...
18. European Union law Part 14 Contents European Union law Part 14   201 Insider Trading Regulations in the Context of the Principle of ‘ Rule ... Read more...
19. European Union law Part 15 Contents European Union law Part 15   216 The European Union 2005 in Luxembourg: Recent Developments in the Case Law ... Read more...
20. European Union law Part 16 Contents European Union law Part 16   221 The Uneasy Case for Top-Down Corporate Law Harmonization in the European Union ... Read more...
21. European Union law Part 18 Contents European Union law Part 18   240 RACHAEL CRAUFURD SMITH (ed.), Culture and European Union law Maastricht Journal of ... Read more...
22. European Union law Part 19 Contents European Union law Part 19   250 Merger Remedies in American and European Union Competition Law edited by François ... Read more...
23. European Union law Part 21 Contents European Union law Part 21   277 T. HERVEY and J. McHALE, Health Law and the European Union, Cambridge ... Read more...
24. European Union law Part 22 Contents European Union law Part 22   299 Joint Ventures: Treatment under New Zealand, United States and European Competition Law ... Read more...
25. European Union law Part 23 Contents European Union law Part 23   310 Drug Marketing Exclusivity Under United States and European Union law Valerie Junod ... Read more...
26. European Union law Part 24 Contents European Union law Part 24   329 Enhancing the Legitimacy of the World Trade Organization: Why the United States ... Read more...
27. European Union law Part 25 Contents European Union law Part 25   342 IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: LESSONS FROM THE BATHING WATER ... Read more...
28. European Union law Part 26 Contents European Union law Part 26   352 M.R. Joelson, An International Antitrust Primer: A Guide to the Operation of ... Read more...
29. European Union law Part 27 Contents European Union law Part 27   372 Constructing Common Cultures: The Ontological and Normative Dimensions of Law in the ... Read more...
30. European Union law Part 28 Contents European Union law Part 28   377 FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT FOR INDIGENTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW ... Read more...
31. European Union law Part 29 Contents European Union law Part 29   383 ‘NEGATIVE’ AND ‘POSITIVE’ HARMONIZATION OF Labor law IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Catherine ... Read more...
32. European Union law Part 30 Contents European Union law Part 30   401 Judicial Enforcement of WTO Law in the European Union Some Further Reflections ... Read more...
33. European Union law Part 31 2 Contents European Union law Part 31   425 ETHICS AS REGULATORY OBLIGATION IN THE FIELD OF NOVEL FOODS AND FOOD ... Read more...
34. European Monetary Cooperation Fund The successor to the European payments Union (read this and related legal terms for further details), the EMCF was established by the European Monetary Agreement of 1958 as a vehicle to enhance monetary cooperation among......
35. Mexican Union Railway Company Claim Embracing mainstream international law, this section on mexican union railway company claim explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "mexican union railway company claim" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
36. European Identity European Identity and Europe There is an entry on european identity in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Identity" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
37. European Convention for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage of Europe 2 Contents European Convention for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage of Europe   Article 10 Each Party undertakes: i to ... Read more...
38. European Convention on Human Rights 2 Contents European Convention on Human Rights   Article 10 Freedom of expression Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. ... Read more...
39. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ebrd) and Europe There is an entry on european bank for reconstruction and development (ebrd) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Union Resources See Also World Bank Bank [...]...
40. Protocol Number 1 to the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman Contents Protocol Number 1 to the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman   Article 1 A sub-paragraph ... Read more...
41. European Coal And Steel Community European Coal And Steel Community Summary of European Coal And Steel Community One of three component entities within the European Communities, the coal and steel organization was formed following World War II to permit member states to equalize their access to iron and steel resources. The [...]...
42. European Free Trade Association Summary of European Free Trade Association A free trade area consisting of seven European countries among which tariffs and quantitative restrictions on industrial imports have been eliminated. Established in 1960 by the Stockholm Convention, EFTA originally included Austria, Denmark, [...]...
43. Energy Charter Treaty Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) This section provides an overview of energy charter treaty (ect) within the legal context of Energy Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Kaj Hobér, "Energy Charter Treaty (ECT)," Elgar [...]...
44. European Convention on Offences Relating to Cultural Property 3 Contents European Convention on Offences Relating to Cultural Property   Part VI Final clauses Article 20 This Convention shall be ... Read more...
45. European Patent System A series of agreements among European states, the object of which is harmonized patent laws and regulations. The system includes the following agreements: European Patent Convention, also known as the Munich Patent Convention, and the Convention on Granting of European Patents, provides patent prot......
46. European Union Legal Materials Two sources for E.U. information stand out in my mind. First, the European Union'sEuropa, which posts (a) EU news and press releases, (b) links to EU Web sites, including the European Parliament, banks, courts and agencies and (c) the best collection of EU legal materials on [...]...
47. European Union Law Contents of European Union Law Contents of this subject matter include: Session 1: legal competence, legislation and decision-making Session 2: Supremacy and Direct Effect and state liability in damages Session 3: Enforcement actions against Member States and Preliminary Rulings Session 4: EU [...]...
48. European Union law Part 10 Contents European Union law Part 10   141 European Union law as a Legal System in a Comparative Perspective. Zeno-Zencovich, ... Read more...
49. European Union law Part 11 Contents European Union law Part 11   159 Basic Conditions of Company Law and Tax Legislation forthe Third Sector in ... Read more...
50. European Union law Part 17 Contents European Union law Part 17   227 DUAL LEGAL BASES IN EC ENVIRONMENTAL LAW REVISITED: NOTE ON THE JUDGMENTS ... Read more...
51. European Union law Part 20 Contents European Union law Part 20   268 A review of the regulation of payment facilities Rhys Bollen Journal of ... Read more...
52. European Union law Part 31 Contents European Union law Part 31   411 Information Law: The Commercial Exploitation of Private Sector Information in the European ... Read more...
53. European Currency Unit Summary of European Currency Unit The European Monetary System is considered here.(Main Author: William J. Miller) European Currency Unit and the European Union Resources See Also ECU...
54. European Payments Union Summary of European Payments Union An intra-European mechanism for the periodic settlement of trade balances. The EPU was established July 1, 1950, among the members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (read this and related legal terms for further details) (OEEC) to [...]...
55. European Union Law Sources Spanish Translation of sources for European Union LawThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to sources for European Union Law and / or a definition of this topic: Fuentes del Derecho de la Unión Europea (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
56. European Union Regulation Spanish Translation of European Union regulationThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to European Union regulation and / or a definition of this topic: Reglamento Comunitario (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
57. European Monetary Union Meaning of European Monetary Union Here is a very short concept of european monetary union in the European Union framework: It is a common mistake that EMU means European monetary union. In fact the initials stand for Economic and Monetary Union, a more far-reaching goal. Resources Notas y [...]...
58. European Union and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to european union and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. Information on private international [...]...
59. European Union Member States Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
60. European Economic and Monetary Union Resources See Also Finance Consumer Credit Negotiable Instrument Securities Financial Regulation Corporate Finance International Public Finance...
61. European Trade Union Confederation Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
62. Enlargement of the European Union Contents Enlargement of the European Union In the 1950s, the EU began with just six member states. It now has ... Read more...
63. Federalism in the European Union Contents Federalism in the European Union Broadly speaking, this means any system of government where several states form a unity ... Read more...
64. Qualified majority voting in the European Union Qualified majority voting in the European Union On most issues, the Council of the European Union takes its decisions by ... Read more...
65. Harmonisation in the European Union Contents Harmonisation in the European Union This may mean bringing national laws into line with one another, very often in ... Read more...
66. Taxation in the European Union Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Taxation in the European Union) ...
67. Council of the European Union Council of the European Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Council of the European Union provided by the European Union Commission: The Council of the European Union (the "Council of Ministers" or the "Council") is the Union's main [...]...
68. Pillars of the European Union Pillars of the European Union and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Pillars of the European Union provided by the European Union Commission: In Community parlance people often refer to the three pillars of the EU Treaty. These three pillars, which form the basic structure of [...]...
69. Western European Union Embracing mainstream international law, this section on western european union explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Western European Union and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental [...]...
70. Treaty on European Union Maastricht Treaty and Treaty on European Union and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also Treaty of Maastricht...
71. Social partners in the European Union Contents Social partners in the European Union This is jargon for the two sides of industry i.e. employers and workers. ... Read more...
72. Court of First Instance of the European Union Court of First Instance of the European Communities (CFI) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Court of First Instance of the European Communities (CFI) provided by the European Union Commission: The CFI was set up in 1989 to strengthen the protection of individuals' [...]...
73. Court of Justice of the European Union Court of Justice of the European Union in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to court of justice of the european union on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face [...]...
74. Charter on Fundamental Rights of the European Union Embracing mainstream international law, this section on charter on fundamental rights of the european union explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "fundamental rights of the european union, charter on" in the [...]...
75. Freedom of Establishment/Persons (European Union) and Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to freedom of establishment/persons (european union) and private international law on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
76. Treaty on European Union and Maastricht Treaty Treaty on European Union and Maastricht Treaty and the European Union Resources See Also TEU...
77. European Convention on Nationality 2 Contents European Convention on Nationality   Chapter V – Multiple nationality Article 14 – Cases of multiple nationality ex lege ... Read more...
78. European Energy Charter   PART I DEFINITIONS AND PURPOSE ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS As used in this Treaty: (1) "Charter"means the European Energy Charter adopted in the Concluding Document of the Hague Conference on the European Energy Charter signed at The Hague on 17 December 1991; signature of the [...]...
79. European Energy Charter 5 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 2 PURPOSE OF THE TREATY This Treaty establishes a legal framework in order to ... Read more...
80. European Energy Charter 6 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 7 TRANSIT (1) Each Contracting Party shall take the necessary measures to facilitate the ... Read more...
81. European Energy Charter 7 Contents European Energy Charter   PART III INVESTMENT PROMOTION AND PROTECTION ARTICLE 10 PROMOTION, PROTECTION AND TREATMENT OF INVESTMENTS (1) ... Read more...
82. European Energy Charter 8 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 11 KEY PERSONNEL (1) A Contracting Party shall, subject to its laws and regulations ... Read more...
83. European Energy Charter 9 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 16 RELATION TO OTHER AGREEMENTS Where two or more Contracting Parties have entered into ... Read more...
84. European Energy Charter 10 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 20 TRANSPARENCY (1) Laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application which ... Read more...
85. European Energy Charter 11 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 24 EXCEPTIONS (1) This Article shall not apply to Articles 12, 13 and 29. ... Read more...
86. European Energy Charter 12 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 27 Settlement of Disputes BETWEEN CONTRACTING PARTIES (1) Contracting Parties shall endeavour to settle ... Read more...
87. European Energy Charter 2 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 31 ENERGY-RELATED EQUIPMENT The provisional Charter Conference shall at its first meeting commence examination ... Read more...
88. European Energy Charter 3 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 35 SECRETARIAT (1) In carrying out its duties, the Charter Conference shall have a ... Read more...
89. European Energy Charter 4 Contents European Energy Charter   ARTICLE 42 AMENDMENTS (1) Any Contracting Party may propose amendments to this Treaty. (2) The ... Read more...
90. European Convention on Nationality Contents European Convention on Nationality   Chapter I – General matters Article 1 – Object of the Convention This Convention ... Read more...
91. European Convention on Nationality 3 Contents European Convention on Nationality   Chapter VIII – Co-operation between the States Parties Article 23 – Co-operation between the ... Read more...
92. European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage Contents European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage   Article 1 For the purposes of this Convention, all ... Read more...
93. European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages 5 Contents European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages   Article 16 Examination of the reports The reports presented to the ... Read more...
94. European Convention on Human Rights Introduction The European Convention on Human Rights was a reaction against the horrific abuses of human rights that took place before and during the Second World War, followed by further abuses occurring within the newly formed Communist block. These led, in 1949, due in part to the [...]...
95. European Convention on Human Rights 4 Contents European Convention on Human Rights   Article 36 Third party intervention 1 In all cases before a Chamber or ... Read more...
96. European Convention on Human Rights 5 Contents European Convention on Human Rights   Article 49 Reasons for advisory opinions Reasons shall be given for advisory opinions ... Read more...
97. European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman Contents European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman   Chapter I Article 1 There shall be established a ... Read more...
98. European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman 2 Contents European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman   Article 11 1 The information gathered by the Committee ... Read more...
99. European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Contents European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages   Part I General provisions Article 1 Definitions For the purposes of ... Read more...
100. European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages 2 Contents European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages   Article 8 Education With regard to Education , the Parties undertake, ... Read more...
101. European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages 3 Contents European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages   Article 10 Administrative authorities and public services Within the administrative districts ... Read more...
102. European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages 4 Contents European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages   Article 12 Cultural activities and facilities With regard to cultural activities ... Read more...
103. European Convention for the Protection of Animals During International Transport Contents European Convention for the Protection of Animals During International Transport   Chapter I Article 1 1. Each Contracting Party ... Read more...
104. European Convention for the Protection of Animals During International Transport 2 Contents European Convention for the Protection of Animals During International Transport   Article 12 Animals which become ill or injured ... Read more...
105. European Convention for the Protection of Animals During International Transport 3 Contents European Convention for the Protection of Animals During International Transport   Chapter V Other Mammals And Birds Article 42 ... Read more...
106. European Convention on Offences Relating to Cultural Property 2 Contents European Convention on Offences Relating to Cultural Property   Part V Proceedings Section I Sanctioning Article 12 The Parties ... Read more...
107. European Convention for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage of Europe Contents European Convention for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage of Europe   Definition of the archaeological heritage Article 1 ... Read more...
108. European Agreement on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Detergents in Washing and Cleaning Products Contents European Agreement on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Detergents in Washing and Cleaning Products   Article 1 ... Read more...
109. European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities Contents European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities   Section I Article 1 The protection of national minorities ... Read more...
110. European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities 2 Contents European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities   Article 13 Within the framework of their Education systems, ... Read more...
111. European Law European law and the European Union Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Femmes, Migration, Et Prostitution En Europe: Il N'Est Pas Question De "Travail De Sexe", Anna Zobnina, Sep 2017 Why We Must Oppose The Full Decriminalization Of Prostitution, [...]...
112. European Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
113. European Landscape Convention Contents European Landscape Convention The purpose of the Convention is to provide an instrument devoted to the protection, management and ... Read more...
114. European Cultural Convention Contents European Cultural Convention   Article 1 Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate measures to safeguard and to encourage the ... Read more...
115. European Common Market European Common MarketCross-reference: European Economic Community and European Union.......
116. European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
117. European Investment Bank Summary of European Investment Bank A multilateral development bank established in 1958 by the Treaty of Rome for the purpose of assisting in the balanced growth of the European economic community (read this and related legal terms for further details) (EEC). The bank grants long-term loans [...]...
118. European Recovery Program Commonly known as the Marshall Plan, a post-World War II program to assist the reconstruction of Europe. The plan was proposed by U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall in 1947 and implemented by the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948. During the course of the program, U.S. $13.6 billion in assistanc......
119. European Terms An expression of the value of any foreign currency in terms of how many units equal one dollar; effective September 1, 1979, most New York banks employed this foreign currency method for transactions.......
120. European Orphan Works The recently passed EU orphan works directive will give, when implemented at the national level, non-profit libraries, archives, and similar organizations the right to use orphan works after first conducting a diligent search......