Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Structural Adjustment Lending World Bank program designed to assist developing nations with balance of payments problems resulting from correctable internal economic patterns. The program provides hard currency loans conditional upon agreement by the beneficiary country to undertake certain specified corrective measures, [...]...
2. Structural Adjustment Policies Structural Adjustment Policies and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Structural Adjustment Policies: Measures --such as worker re-training and placement, capital formation, and R&D support [...]...
3. Social Market Economy Social Market Economy and Europe There is an entry on social market economy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Social Market Economy" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
4. Strategic Partnerships Strategic Partnerships and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Strategic Partnerships: A type of cooperative strategy in which corporate alliances are made between organizations --including between [...]...
5. Social Partners Social partners in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Social partners provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Unions and employers or their representative organisations. Social Partners and Europe There is an entry on social partners in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See [...]...
6. Social Dialogue Social dialogue in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Social dialogue provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Discussion and co-operation between the social partners on matters of common interest, such as economic and social policy. Involves participation by the state where tripartism [...]...
7. Deindustrialization Deindustrialization and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Deindustrialization: A term denoting a negative impact of international competition on the overall size of a country's manufacturing [...]...
8. Company Union Company union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Company union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Can be used to describe either an enterprise union or a yellow union. Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Resources Trade Union Topics [...]...
9. Strategic Stockpile The store of critical metals and other industrial commodities maintained by the U.S. government as a buffer against disruptions of supply in times of war or national emergency. The maintenance of such stockpiles is authorized by the Strategic and Critical Materials Stockpiling Act of 1946.......
10. Economic and Social Committee Economic and Social Committee (ESC) and Europe There is an entry on economic and social committee (esc) in the European legal encyclopedia. Economic and Social Committee and the European Union Resources See Also ESC Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Economic and Social [...]...
11. Strategic Management Literature Review on Strategic Management and Productivity In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Arie Halachmi offers the following summary about the topic of Strategic Management and Productivity: This entry describes the main characteristics of strategic [...]...
12. Strategic Thinking Literature Review on Strategic Thinking In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Terry F. Buss and Nathaniel J. Buss provide the following summary about the topic of Strategic Thinking: Strategic thinking in government is highly controversial. Some believe that [...]...
13. Strategic Trust Embracing mainstream international law, this section on strategic trust explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "strategic trust" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
14. Strategic Alliance Strategic Alliance in International Trade Meaning of Strategic Alliance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A strategic alliance is an agreement between two separate business entities to pool resources in order to achieve a common goal. In strategic [...]...
15. Structural Change Structural Change and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Structural Change: Changes in the relative importance of different sectors of an economy over time, usually measured in terms of their [...]...
16. Structural Unemployment Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
17. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
18. Union Bridge Company Claim Embracing mainstream international law, this section on union bridge company claim explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "union bridge company claim" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
19. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
20. Mexican Union Railway Company Claim Embracing mainstream international law, this section on mexican union railway company claim explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "mexican union railway company claim" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
21. Black Economy Black Economy and Europe There is an entry on black economy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Black Economy" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
22. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Background Introduction to Strategic Arms Limitation Talks BackgroundThe United States first approached the USSR in 1964 to suggest bilateral arms-control talks. At that time the United States had a clear superiority in nuclear arms, but there were indications that the USSR was developing weapons that......
23. Sister Company Sister Company in International Trade Meaning of Sister Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sister company is a company with close affiliations to another company with a separate name and personnel. Both companies are owned by the same parent and [...]...
24. Budget United Nations Budget Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Budget , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Budget , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) Budget and Europe [...]...
25. Subrogation Spanish Translation of subrogation This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to subrogation and / or a definition of this topic: Subrogación (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). Subrogation in International Trade Meaning of Subrogation, [...]...
26. Enterprise Union Enterprise union in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Enterprise union provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A union whose membership is limited to workers in one particular enterprise. Sometimes called a company union, but should not be confused with a yellow union. Resources Trade [...]...
27. EMU EMU (Economic and Monetary Union) and Europe There is an entry on emu (economic and monetary union) in the European legal encyclopedia. EMU and the European Union Resources See Also Economic and Monetary Union Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "EMU (Economic and Monetary [...]...
28. Structural Impediments Initiative Structural Impediments Initiative (SII) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Structural Impediments Initiative (SII): A series of bilateral negotiations begun in 1989 by the [...]...
29. Structural Transformation Structural transformation in the Context of Peacemaking Definition of Structural transformation published by the United Nations: Refers to the dimension of change that describes progress that involves changes in social conditions, procedural and institutional patterns as brought about by [...]...
30. Structural Injustice Concept of Structural injustice Structural injustice may be defined as: The violence and harm that result from the political, economic, cultural, military, and other structures of society that have developed historically and are arranged in ways that enable some people to have vastly more [...]...
31. Structural Power Concept of Structural Power An introductory definition of Structural Power is provided here: the power to change the rules of the game for others, the power to structure the choices of other actors Resources See Also Foregin Policy Foreign Affairs...
32. Structural Violence Concept of Structural Violence An introductory definition of Structural Violence is provided here: latent or hidden forms of social conflict Resources See Also Foregin Policy Foreign Affairs...
33. Structural Alteration Description of Structural Alteration Resources See Also Alteration of Instruments...
34. Structural Policy Meaning of Structural policy Here is a very short concept of structural policy in the European Union framework: Eurospeak for policies aimed at reducing economic disparities between prosperous and poor regions (see more in the European legal encyclopedia). (See also Structural funds in the law [...]...
35. Structural Funds Meaning of Structural funds Here is a very short concept of structural funds in the European Union framework: The collective name given to four (or perhaps more properly five) funds set up to assist underdeveloped, declining or economically stagnant regions of the EU The European Regional [...]...
36. Structural Reform Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
37. Services Services and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Services: Non-manufacturing industries or business activities. Key service industries include accounting and management consulting, advising, [...]...
38. Efta Efta Efta in International Trade Meaning of Efta, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The European Free Trade Association is an intergovernmental organization set up for the promotion of free trade and economic integration to the benefit of its four Member [...]...
39. Social Mobilization Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
40. Social Structure Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
41. Monetary Policy Monetary Policy (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Monetary Policy means: the complex of actions aiming to regulate the money supply in a country. By changing banking interest rate, or acting on open securities' market, a government either enlarges or diminishes inflow of [...]...
42. Stockholm Convention Stockholm Convention and International Trade Resources See Also European Free Trade Association, Strategic Trade Policy, Strategic trade policy argument...
43. Social Charter Social Charter and Europe There is an entry on social charter in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Social Charter" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; [...]...
44. Social Chapter Social Chapter and Europe There is an entry on social chapter in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Social Chapter" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; [...]...
45. Economic Dialogue Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED) Note: there is more information on the Asian/Chinese legal Encyclopedia. Notion of of Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED): An initiative established by President Obama and former Chinese President Hu in 2009 to discuss major issues like cybersecurity [...]...
46. Innovation Innovation and the Laws of International Trade The relationship between antitrust law and intellectual property Intellectual Property and Competition Law Three general principles When antitrust concerns arise The three markets The horizontal/vertical distinction Rule of [...]...
47. Export Trading Company Export Trading Company and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export Trading Company: (Also known as an export management company.) A private firm that provides related-related services to other [...]...
48. Economic Vulnerability Economic Vulnerability and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Economic Vulnerability: In the context of trade relations, the proportion of a country's GNP accounted for by exports and imports [...]...
49. Social Charters European Social Charter and Europe There is an entry on european social charter in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Social Charter" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by [...]...
50. Shadow Economy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
51. Federation Of American Controlled Shipping An association of American firms that operate Liberian- and Panamanian-registered tankers, bulk carriers, and specialized vessels. Currently, federation member firms control over forty-three million deadweight tons of foreign shipping. In addition, federation members control approximately one-half t......
52. Bargaining Unit Bargaining unit in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Bargaining unit provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A group of workers within a particular company, establishment, industry or occupation that constitutes an appropriate unit for the purpose of collective bargaining. See [...]...
53. Downsizing Downsizing in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Downsizing provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Reduction of a company's workforce generally in an attempt to cut costs and improve efficiency. Resources Trade Union Topics Trade Union Act Trades Union Congress (TUC) Trade Union [...]...
54. Trade Balance J-Curve and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of J-Curve: The expected adjustment path in a country's trade balance following a currency depreciation or devaluation. Because a change in the [...]...
55. Subsidiary Subsidiary or Subordinate Election Management Body in Election Law An Election Management Body (EMB) that is not the primary or principal entity responsible for the organisation of elections within a given state. It may be regional or local. Subsidiary in International Trade Meaning of [...]...
56. Economic Development Economic Development of Society (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Economic Development of Society means: is a multidimensional process, covering economic growth, structural changes in economy, improvement of conditions and quality of life. Legal Issues in the Third World’s [...]...
57. Strategy Introduction to Strategy Strategy, art of employing all elements of the power of a nation or nations to accomplish the objectives of a nation or an alliance in peace or war; also the art of military command in combat. Tactics, on the other hand, are the dispersing and maneuvering of forces t......
58. Industrial Unión Industrial unión in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Industrial unión provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A union whose membership is composed of workers in a particular industry, regardless of their profession or skill level. See company unión Resources [...]...
59. Absolute Advantage Absolute Advantage and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Absolute Advantage: The ability of a country to supply a particular product or class of goods at lower costs than competing nations. See [...]...
60. Trade Act Trade Act in International Trade Meaning of Trade Act, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In U.S. Law legislation granting the President broad authority to enter into international agreement to reduce import barriers. Major purposes are: Protect American [...]...
61. State Transparency This section provides an overview of state transparency within the legal context of Transparency in international economic law, with coverage of Transparency and Good Governance (Principles). Resources Further Reading Stephan W Schill and Felix Boos, "State Transparency," Elgar [...]...
62. Company Insurance Schemes Spanish Translation of company saving plans and company insurance schemesThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to company saving plans or company insurance schemes and / or a definition of this topic: Previsión Social Empresarial (in Spanish, without translation [...]...
63. Company Saving Plans Spanish Translation of company saving plans and company insurance schemesThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to company saving plans or company insurance schemes and / or a definition of this topic: Previsión Social Empresarial (in Spanish, without translation [...]...
64. Bilateralism Bilateralism and International Trade Economy Bilateralism in International Economic Law This section provides an overview of bilateralism within the legal context of Historical Perspective in international economic law. Resources Further Reading Meredith Kolsky Lewis, "Bilateralism in [...]...
65. Welfare State Concept of Welfare State Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law. Literature Review on Welfare State In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Paul B. Kirby offers the following summary about the topic of Welfare State: [...]...
66. Social Dumping Social Dumping and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Social Dumping: An unfair trade practice whereby an exporter achieves a cost advantage over its rivals in foreign markets [...]...
67. Social-Structural Theories Environmental and Social Theories of Crime: Social Causes: Social-Structural TheoriesIntroduction to Social-Structural TheoriesThe social-structural approach emphasizes the effects of an individual's position in society and the constraints that the person's status puts on h......
68. West African Economic and Monetary Union West African Economic and Monetary Union or Union Economique et Monetaire Ouest africaine (UEMOA) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of West African Economic and Monetary Union or Union [...]...
69. CIS Economic Union CIS Economic Union in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of CIS Economic Union: A prospective customs union among most members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, intended to restore economic [...]...
70. Mercantilism Mercantilism and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Mercantilism: A once-prominent economic philosophy that equated national wealth and prowess with the accumulation of gold and other [...]...
71. Autarky Autarky and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Autarky: A policy that attempts to create a self-sufficient national economy entirely insulated from international trade, usually for ideological or [...]...
72. Economic Profit Economic Profit and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Economic Profit: The amount by which a producer's income exceeds total operating costs, including the cost of capital provided by the [...]...
73. Social Rights In relation to the social rights and constitutional law, David Landau[1] made the following observation: Social rights are the rights of people to achieve their basic human needs. In domestic constitutional orders, common social rights include the right to healthcare (right to health), [...]...
74. State Failures Combating Protectionism and State Failures This section provides an overview of combating protectionism and state failures within the legal context of Foundational Concepts in international economic law. Resources Further Reading Todd Weiler, "Combating Protectionism and State [...]...
75. Social Adjustment Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to social adjustment in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
76. Adjustment Assistance Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
77. Adjustment Policy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
78. Social Economy Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State...
79. Standard International Trade Classification A system for capture of international trade statistics developed under the auspices of the United Nations. The original SITC was adopted by the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations in July 1950. By 1960 many nations were compiling data on a commodity basis; coincidental with the [...]...
80. Trade Creation The substitution of lower- cost foreign goods for higher-cost domestic manufactures.......
81. Subsidiary Company Spanish Translation of dependent company and subsidiary companyThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to dependent company or subsidiary company and / or a definition of this topic: Empresa Dependiente (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
82. Requisition Requisition in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Requisition provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: To issue back-to-work orders. Requisition in Canadian Procedural Law Find materials in the Canadian legal Encyclopedia that anlyze Requisition. Embracing mainstream international law, [...]...
83. Affiliate Company Definition of Affiliate Company in International Trade The following is a concept of Affiliate Company in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A Company that is less than 50% owned by a parent company; the parents acts as [...]...
84. Economic Nationalism A conscious, articulated national drive toward economic self-sufficiency. Economic nationalism is comparable to Autarchy (read this and related legal terms for further details) but does not mandate the economic isolation......
85. Trade Diversion The shift in purchases from sources outside a free-trade area (within which tariffs have been eliminated) to a union member, even though the cost of purchasing outside the union (before duty) is less than procuring from within. The absence of duty among members of the free- trade area more than [...]...
86. United Dredging Company (united States) V. United Mexican States United Dredging Company (united States) v. United Mexican States Embracing mainstream international law, this section on united dredging company (united states) v. united mexican states explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The [...]...
87. Company Board Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation Labor Dispute...
88. Company Law The Legal History of Company Law This section provides an overview of Company Law Applied Company Law Contents of Applied Company Law Contents of this subject matter include: Introduction; Alternative Business Structures Characteristics of a Company Company's liability in Crime, Contract [...]...
89. Group of Seven Group of Seven (G- 7) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Group of Seven (G- 7): The seven leading industrial countries of the world: the United States, Japan, Germany, France, the United [...]...
90. Fair Trade Fair Trade and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Fair Trade: International trade involving shipments that do not benefit from government assistance. Fair trade --and the related concept of unfair [...]...
91. Economic Rent Economic Rent and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Economic Rent: The gain to a producer or resource owner resulting from a trade barrier or other restriction of supply that leads to a higher [...]...
92. State Department In the United States For information about State Department in the context of international trade, click here...
93. Washington Consensus «Washington Consensus» (in the Human Development Area) In this context, «Washington Consensus» means: is the type of macroeconomic stabilization policies and structural adjustment programs recommended by the IMF and the World Bank in countries experiencing financial and [...]...
94. Economic Models Literature Review on (Decision Making) Economic Models In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Richard G. Sims offers the following summary about the topic of (Decision Making) Economic Models: This entry addresses economic models that are useful when the issue [...]...
95. Period Adjustment Spanish Translation of accruals and end of period adjustmentThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to accruals or end of period adjustment and / or a definition of this topic: Ajustes por Periodificación (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
96. Adjustment Costs Adjustment Costs and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Adjustment Costs: The economic and social costs of reallocating resources from .domestic industries forced to contract as a result of [...]...
97. Border Tax Adjustment Border Tax Adjustment (BTA) in International Trade Meaning of Border Tax Adjustment (BTA), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A tax to which domestically produced goods and imports are subject but from which exports are exempt. Border tax adjustments are [...]...
98. Agricultural Adjustment Act Description of Agricultural Adjustment Act Resources See Also Agriculture...
99. Adjustment Board Description of Adjustment Board Resources See Also Board of adjustment Resources See Also Zoning Planning...
100. Adjustment Bond Resources See Also Bond...
101. Benefit Adjustment Resources See Also Disability Insurance Social Security Administration Social Security Statement Social Security Benefits...
102. Structural Bias Besides “partisan bias” in media reporting, a second type of media bias is known as “structural bias.” This type of bias stems from certain “structures” (customs, reporting routines, commercial pressures, etc.) that operate within the news industry. As a result of the highly commercial and purportedly nonpartisan nature of the mainstream media, the issue of media bias surfaces in a unique way in some western democracies....
103. Currency Adjustment Factor A surcharge imposed on ocean freight by a carrier to offset or mitigate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations upon his freight revenue.......
104. Transfer Pricing Adjustment Contents Transfer Pricing Adjustment Additional Adjustments to Be Made in the Wake of a Transfer Pricing Adjustment By Nicholas Webb, ... Read more...
105. Bs Bunker Adjustment Factor Bs Bunker Adjustment Factor in International Trade Meaning of Bs Bunker Adjustment Factor, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An additional charge added to the base rate ocean freight cost reflecting the cost of fuel (called bunkers) to be used for the [...]...
106. Adjustment/Adaptation (Anpassung) Adjustment/Adaptation (Anpassung) in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to adjustment/adaptation (anpassung) on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face [...]...
107. Automatic-adjustment Clause Description of Automatic-adjustment Clause Resources See Also Electricity Public Utilities...
108. Personal Adjustment Training Resources See Also Vocation Vocational Education Profession Vocational Rehabilitation...
109. Central Adjustment Bureau, Inc. v. Ingram Contents Central Adjustment Bureau, Inc. v. Ingram • Three former employees of CAB had signed agreements not to compete CAB ... Read more...
110. Central Adjustment Bureau, Inc. v. Ingram 2 Contents Central Adjustment Bureau, Inc. v. Ingram See also Central Adjustment Bureau, Inc. v. Ingram 1984 Tennessee Supreme Court • ... Read more...
111. Stabilization Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
112. Steady State Economy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
113. International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants 2 Contents International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants     Article 7 (1) Protection shall be granted ... Read more...
114. States legislation and cases on Attorney Client Privilege Contents States legislation and cases on Attorney Client Privilege See Attorney Client Concepts Besides federal legislation, court rules, and case ... Read more...
115. Standardized Field Sobriety Test Officers Contents Standardized Field Sobriety Test Officers Note: Driving While Impaired (DWI) is the term used throughout this publication to refer ... Read more...
116. State law State law The power of state law has historically included governing the following kinds of issues and claims: Contracts, including sales, commercial paper, letters of credit, and secured transactions Torts Property, including real property, bailments of personal property (such as [...]...
117. Statute of the International Court of Justice 2 Contents Statute of the International Court of Justice   Chapter I. Organization of the Court. Article 2. The Court shall ... Read more...
118. Straits used for International Navigation Contents Straits used for International Navigation   SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 34 Legal status of waters forming straits used ... Read more...
119. Stale Document A document presented after the time customarily allowed for such presentations. For example, the Uniform Customs and Practices for Documentary Credits provides that bills of lading dated more than twenty-one days prior to presentation will be unacceptable under letter of credit transactions, unless ......
120. Standard Bullion Gold or silver in bars of the same composition as gold or silver coins. Since gold and silver coins consist of 90 precent precious metal and 10 percent base metal (usually copper), standard bullion would consist of a like mixture of precious and base metals. In effect, the bullion is suitable for im......