Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Pauperisation Hierarchical Display of Pauperisation Economics > National accounts > Income > Distribution of incomeSocial Questions > Social framework > Social structure > Socially disadvantaged class Concept of Pauperisation See the dictionary definition of Pauperisation. Characteristics of [...]...
2. Aid to Disadvantaged Groups Hierarchical Display of Aid to disadvantaged groups Social Questions > Social protection > WelfareSocial Questions > Social framework > Social structure > Socially disadvantaged classEconomics > National accounts > Income > Distribution of income > Low incomeEconomics > National [...]...
3. Distribution of Income Hierarchical Display of Distribution of income Economics > National accounts > Income Distribution of income Concept of Distribution of income See the dictionary definition of Distribution of income. Characteristics of Distribution of income [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of [...]...
4. Sub-proletariat Hierarchical Display of Sub-proletariat Social Questions > Social framework > Social structure > Social classSocial Questions > Social protection > Welfare > Aid to disadvantaged groupsEconomics > National accounts > Income > Distribution of income > Poverty Concept of Sub-proletariat [...]...
5. Socially Disadvantaged Resources See Also Social Integration Social Exclusion Community integration Social integration Racial integration Social Engagement Public Participation Social participation...
6. Low Income Resources See Also Income Distribution Bankruptcy Inequality...
7. Poverty The Legal History of Poverty This section provides an overview of Poverty Human Poverty Index For Selected High-incomeoecd Countries (hpi-2) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Human Poverty Index For Selected High-incomeoecd Countries (hpi-2) means: _ composite index measuring [...]...
8. Microloan Hierarchical Display of Microloan Finance > Financial institutions and credit > CreditSocial Questions > Social protection > Welfare > Aid to disadvantaged groupsEconomics > National accounts > Income > Distribution of income > PovertyInternational Relations > Cooperation policy > [...]...
9. Social Class Resources See Also Social Integration Social Exclusion Community integration Social integration Racial integration Social Engagement Public Participation Social participation...
10. Intellectual Resources See Also Social Integration Social Exclusion Community integration Social integration Racial integration Social Engagement Public Participation Social participation...
11. Social Structure Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
12. Subsistence Level Income Hierarchical Display of Subsistence level income Social Questions > Social affairs > Social policyEconomics > National accounts > IncomeEmployment And Working Conditions > Employment > UnemploymentEconomics > National accounts > Income > Distribution of income > [...]...
13. Social Transfers Hierarchical Display of Social transfers Economics > National accounts > IncomeSocial Questions > Social protection > Social security Social transfers Concept of Social transfers See the dictionary definition of Social transfers. Characteristics of Social transfers [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
14. Undernourishment Undernourished People (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Undernourished People means: people whose food intake is chronically insufficient to meet their minimum energy requirements....
15. Working Poor Resources See Also Poverty Cost of Living Income Minimum Wage Standard of living...
16. Social Security The Legal History of Social Security in Modern Europe This section provides an overview of Social Security in Modern Europe Most Popular Entries related to Social Security Social Security (in the World) Social Security Benefits (in the World) Social Security Office (in the World) Social [...]...
17. Standard of Living Standard of Living (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Standard of Living means: integrated index of socio-economic development, measured by aggregate data such as real per capita income, poverty rate, access to health care, the uneven growth of incomes, standards of education, [...]...
18. Socially Responsible Becoming Smart, Innovative, and Socially Responsible in Supply Chain Collaboration, the Law and other Social Sciences Collaboration is one of the key themes defining the competitive advantage of supply chains (SCs). In web-based global business arena witnessing Industry 4.0, collaboration [...]...
19. Low Pay Hierarchical Display of Low pay Employment And Working Conditions > Personnel management and staff remuneration > Remuneration of work > PayEconomics > National accounts > Income > Distribution of income > Low income Low pay Concept of Low pay See the dictionary definition of Low pay. [...]...
20. Cost of Living Hierarchical Display of Cost of living Economics > Economic conditions > Economic conditionsSocial Questions > Social framework > Social situation > Socioeconomic conditions > Living conditionsFinance > Financial institutions and credit > Credit policy > Cost of borrowingTrade > [...]...
21. Living Conditions Resources See Also Social Policy Social Development Sociology Public Policy Social Law...
22. Working Class Resources See Also Social Integration Social Exclusion Community integration Social integration Racial integration Social Engagement Public Participation Social participation...
23. Quality of Life Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
24. Disadvantaged Person Resources See Also Social Integration Social Exclusion Community integration Social integration Racial integration Social Engagement Public Participation Social participation...
25. Income Income or Consumption, Shares of Income (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Income or Consumption, Shares of Income means: the shares of consumption accruing to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles, based on national household surveys covering various years. [...]...
26. Distribution By Age Hierarchical Display of Distribution by age Social Questions > Demography and population > Composition of the populationSocial Questions > Demography and population > Demography > Demographic analysis > Population statisticsEconomics > National accounts > National accounts > Per capita [...]...
27. Social Status Resources See Also Civil Liberty Civil Right Legal Right Citizen Freedom Political Liberty Constitutional Right Political Right Freedom of Speech...
28. Socioprofessional Category Hierarchical Display of Socioprofessional category Employment And Working Conditions > Labour marketSocial Questions > Social framework > Social structure Socioprofessional category Concept of Socioprofessional category See the dictionary definition of Socioprofessional category. [...]...
29. Household Income Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State...
30. Mendicity Hierarchical Display of Mendicity Economics > National accounts > Income > Distribution of income > Poverty Concept of Mendicity See the dictionary definition of Mendicity. Characteristics of Mendicity [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Mendicity Spanish: Mendicidad French: [...]...
31. Price Index Hierarchical Display of Price index Finance > Prices > Prices policyEconomics > Economic conditions > Economic conditions > Cost of livingEconomics > National accounts > Income > Purchasing power Price index Concept of Price index See the dictionary definition of Price index. [...]...
32. Economic Indicator Hierarchical Display of Economic indicator Economics > Economic analysis > Economic analysisEconomics > National accounts > National accounts > Economic aggregate > Domestic product > Gross national productFinance > Monetary relations > Balance of payments > Trade balanceEconomics [...]...
33. Homelessness Homelessness Definition Homelessness may be defined as the condition of people who lack regular legal access to adequate housing. Introduction Homelessness has been recognized as a significant social problem in the United States since the early 1980s, when a rapid increase in the number of [...]...
34. Tax on Income Hierarchical Display of Tax on income Finance > TaxationEconomics > National accounts > IncomeFinance > Taxation > Tax > Direct taxFinance > Taxation > Fiscal policy > Double taxation Tax on income Concept of Tax on income See the dictionary definition of Tax on income. [...]...
35. Domestic Product Hierarchical Display of Domestic product Economics > National accounts > National accounts > Economic aggregate Domestic product Concept of Domestic product See the dictionary definition of Domestic product. Characteristics of Domestic product [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of [...]...
36. Farm Income Hierarchical Display of Farm income Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Farming systems > Agricultural performanceEconomics > National accounts > IncomeAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Farming systems > Agricultural holdingAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Fisheries > [...]...
37. Gross National Product Summary of Gross National Product The aggregate value, expressed in monetary terms, of all goods and services attributable to a national economy during a given period, usually one year. The final sum includes all goods and services produced within the economy, plus income earned overseas [...]...
38. Shell Company A "paper" company, usually operated without employees. Normally an attorney or other local agent or management company performs the legal duties of the company on behalf of the stockholders. Shell companies often operate in tax-free or low- tax jurisdictions such as Bermuda, Liechtenstein,......
39. Welfare Introduction to Welfare Welfare, programs aimed at helping people unable to support themselves fully or earn a living. Welfare recipients include elderly people, people with mental or physical disabilities, and those needing help to support dependent children. People in the United States most [...]...
40. Farmers' Income Hierarchical Display of Farmers' income Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Farming systems > Agricultural performanceEconomics > National accounts > IncomeAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policy > Single payment schemeAgriculture, [...]...
41. Household Consumption Hierarchical Display of Household consumption Trade > Consumption > ConsumptionFinance > Financial institutions and credit > Credit > Borrowing > IndebtednessEconomics > National accounts > Income > Household incomeFinance > Financial institutions and credit > Credit > Civil [...]...
42. National Accounts National Accounts (in the Human Development Area) In this context, National Accounts means: is a system table in the form of accounts, which characterize the process of production, distribution and end use of the gross domestic product (GDP), as a rule, for the year. System of National [...]...
43. Purchasing Power Hierarchical Display of Purchasing power Economics > National accounts > IncomeEconomics > Economic conditions > Economic conditions > Cost of livingEmployment And Working Conditions > Personnel management and staff remuneration > Pay policy > Pay riseFinance > Prices > Prices [...]...
44. Interest Resources See Also Income Distribution Bankruptcy Inequality...
45. National Economy Hierarchical Display of National economy Economics > Economic structure > EconomyAgri-Foodstuffs > Production > Production > National productionEconomics > Economic policy > Economic planning > National planningEconomics > National accounts > National accounts National economy [...]...
46. Goods and Services Hierarchical Display of Goods and services Trade > ConsumptionEconomics > National accounts > National accountsEconomics > Economic structure > Economic system > Collaborative economy Goods and services Concept of Goods and services See the dictionary definition of Goods and services. [...]...
47. Rural Population Resources See Also Rural Development Rural Community Land Law Farm Agricultural Law Agriculture...
48. Social Worker Resources See Also Social Assistance Welfare Social Protection Social Services Social work...
49. Gross Domestic Product Summary of Gross Domestic Product The aggregate value, expressed in monetary terms, of all goods and services produced within a national economy during a given time period, usually one year.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Gross Domestic Product (gdp) (in the Human Development [...]...
50. Lower Class Resources See Also Social Integration Social Exclusion Community integration Social integration Racial integration Social Engagement Public Participation Social participation...
51. Upper Class Resources See Also Social Integration Social Exclusion Community integration Social integration Racial integration Social Engagement Public Participation Social participation...
52. Value Added Value Added (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Value Added means: is the net output of an industry after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. Resources See Also National Income National Accounts Expenditure Gross National Income Net National Income...
53. National Accounting Resources See Also National Income National Accounts Expenditure Gross National Income Net National Income...
54. Social Well-being Hierarchical Display of Social well-being Social Questions > Social framework > Social situation > Socioeconomic conditionsSocial Questions > Social protection > Social securityPolitics > Political framework > State > Welfare StateEnvironment > Environmental policy > Environmental [...]...
55. Agricultural Performance Hierarchical Display of Agricultural performance Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Farming systemsBusiness And Competition > Accounting > Accounting > Operating result > ProfitEconomics > National accounts > National accounts > Economic accounts for agriculture Agricultural [...]...
56. Care for the Elderly Hierarchical Display of Care for the elderly Social Questions > Social protection > WelfareSocial Questions > Social affairs > Social problem > Dependence of elderly personsSocial Questions > Demography and population > Composition of the population > Distribution by age > Elderly [...]...
57. Consumption Hierarchical Display of Consumption Trade > ConsumptionEconomics > National accounts > Income > Purchasing powerEconomics > National accounts > Income > Standard of livingEnergy > Energy policy > Energy policy > Energy audit > Energy consumptionFinance > Financial institutions [...]...
58. Minimum Pay Hierarchical Display of Minimum pay Employment And Working Conditions > Personnel management and staff remuneration > Pay policyEconomics > National accounts > Income > Purchasing power Minimum pay Concept of Minimum pay See the dictionary definition of Minimum pay. Characteristics of [...]...
59. Sister Company Sister Company in International Trade Meaning of Sister Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sister company is a company with close affiliations to another company with a separate name and personnel. Both companies are owned by the same parent and [...]...
60. Population Statistics Hierarchical Display of Population statistics Social Questions > Demography and population > Demography > Demographic analysisEconomics > Economic analysis > StatisticsSocial Questions > Demography and population > Composition of the population > Distribution by age Population [...]...
61. Consumer Behaviour Hierarchical Display of Consumer behaviour Trade > Consumption > ConsumerTrade > Marketing > Marketing > Market researchEconomics > National accounts > Income > Savings Consumer behaviour Concept of Consumer behaviour See the dictionary definition of Consumer behaviour. Characteristics [...]...
62. Social Mobility Resources See Also Social Integration Social Exclusion Community integration Social integration Racial integration Social Engagement Public Participation Social participation...
63. Class Action Class or Representative Action Resources See Also Hybrid class action Spurious class action. Compare Multidistrict litigation Resources See Also Class or representative action...
64. Class Class in Legal Information Retrieval The following is a basic concept of Class in relation to information retrieval. In addition to this, Class may be applied to legal texts, including case law, legislation and scholarly works. A grouping of items sharing some similarity. See also [...]...
65. Oligarchy Oligarchy Definition Oligarchy, in political philosophy, form of government in which the supreme power is vested in a few persons. Political writers of ancient Greece used the term to designate the debased form of an aristocracy, or government by the best citizens. In an oligarchy, the [...]...
66. Social Economy Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State...
67. Commemoration Hierarchical Display of Commemoration Social Questions > Culture and religion > Cultural policySocial Questions > Culture and religion > Culture > Collective memory Concept of Commemoration See the dictionary definition of Commemoration. Characteristics of Commemoration [rtbs [...]...
68. Class Action Settlements In the United States For information about Class action settlements in the context of international trade, click here...
69. Investment Resources See Also Education Policy Training Policy...
70. Social Inequality Hierarchical Display of Social inequality Social Questions > Social framework > Social structureEducation And Communications > Information and information processing > Information policy > Access to information > Digital divide Social inequality Concept of Social inequality See the [...]...
71. Deduction At Source Hierarchical Display of Deduction at source Employment And Working Conditions > Personnel management and staff remuneration > Remuneration of work > PaySocial Questions > Social protection > Social security > Social-security contributionFinance > Taxation > Tax on income > Tax on [...]...
72. Pay Rise Hierarchical Display of Pay rise Employment And Working Conditions > Personnel management and staff remuneration > Pay policyEconomics > Economic conditions > Economic cycle > InflationEconomics > Economic conditions > Economic conditions > Cost of livingEconomics > National [...]...
73. Consumption Expenditure Hierarchical Display of Consumption expenditure Trade > Consumption > ConsumptionEconomics > Economic conditions > Economic conditions > Cost of livingEconomics > National accounts > Income > Household budgetTrade > Marketing > Marketing > Market research > Consumer survey [...]...
74. Energy Distribution Hierarchical Display of Energy distribution Energy > Energy policy > Energy policySocial Questions > Construction and town planning > Town planning > Urban infrastructure > Gas supplySocial Questions > Construction and town planning > Town planning > Urban infrastructure > Electricity [...]...
75. National Day of Mourning Hierarchical Display of National day of mourning Social Questions > Culture and religion > Cultural policy > Commemoration National day of mourning Concept of National day of mourning See the dictionary definition of National day of mourning. Characteristics of National day of mourning [...]...
76. Trading Company A firm engaged in the purchase, distribution, and marketing of products in international trade. Generally, the trading company deals with products of unrelated firms as well as the manufacturers of joint ventures in which it is involved.......
77. Piggyback Distribution Piggyback Distribution in International Trade Meaning of Piggyback Distribution, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Piggyback is a form of distribution in foreign markets in which a SME company (the "rider"), deals with a larger company (the [...]...
78. Farmers' Movement Hierarchical Display of Farmers' movement Politics > Politics and public safety > Trends of opinionSocial Questions > Social framework > Social structure > Social class > Peasant class Farmers' movement Concept of Farmers' movement See the dictionary definition of Farmers' movement. [...]...
79. Subpart F A provision of the Internal Revenue Code (Sections 951-64) that imposes U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of "controlled foreign corporations." Subpart F was incorporated into the Code by the Revenue Act of 1962; prior to that time, earnings by foreign subsidiaries of U.S. fi......
80. Economic Survey Hierarchical Display of Economic survey Economics > Economic analysis > Economic analysisEconomics > Economic analysis > StatisticsTrade > Marketing > Marketing > Market research > Consumer surveySocial Questions > Social framework > Social analysis > Social survey Economic survey [...]...
81. Diaspora Hierarchical Display of Diaspora Social Questions > Migration > MigrationSocial Questions > Demography and population > Geographical distribution of the population Concept of Diaspora See the dictionary definition of Diaspora. Characteristics of Diaspora [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources [...]...
82. Child Care Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State Health Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State Family Responsibility...
83. Middle Class Resources See Also Social Integration Social Exclusion Community integration Social integration Racial integration Social Engagement Public Participation Social participation...
84. Social Legislation Introduction to Social LegislationSocial Legislation, generic term used to denote the body of laws enacted in various countries, chiefly in the 19th and 20th centuries, to correct specific social and economic maladjustments. In general, such laws are designed to raise the standard of living......
85. Social Norm Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to social norm in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
86. Geographical Distribution Hierarchical Display of Geographical distribution Economics > Economic analysis > StatisticsIndustry > Industrial structures and policy > Industrial policy > Location of industrySocial Questions > Demography and population > DemographySocial Questions > Migration > Migration > [...]...
87. National Income Related Fields Related topics include: National Income Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. National Accounts Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Expenditure Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Gross National Income Find this subject in this World [...]...
88. Composition of the Population Hierarchical Display of Composition of the population Social Questions > Demography and population Composition of the population Concept of Composition of the population See the dictionary definition of Composition of the population. Characteristics of Composition of the population [rtbs [...]...
89. Sogo Shosha A Japanese general trading company. Customarily, the term is used in connection with the largest of such companies. According to the Trade Business Statistics report for 1981 issued by the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry, there are over 8,500 trading companies operating in [...]...
90. Population Density Resources See Also Population Population Planning Population Dynamics Population Structure...
91. Elderly Person Hierarchical Display of Elderly person Social Questions > Demography and population > Composition of the population > Distribution by ageSocial Questions > Social affairs > Social problem > Dependence of elderly personsSocial Questions > Social protection > Welfare > Care for the [...]...
92. Youth Policy Resources See Also Social Problem Crime Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent Social Issues Crime Prevention...
93. Social Integration Related Fields Related topics include: Social Integration Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Social Exclusion Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Community integration Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Social integration Find this subject in [...]...
94. Social Budget Hierarchical Display of Social budget Social Questions > Social affairs > Social policySocial Questions > Health > Health policy > Health costs Social budget Concept of Social budget See the dictionary definition of Social budget. Characteristics of Social budget [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] [...]...
95. Underpopulation Hierarchical Display of Underpopulation Social Questions > Demography and population > Population dynamicsEconomics > Regions and regional policy > Economic region > Rural regionSocial Questions > Migration > Internal migration > Rural migrationSocial Questions > Demography and [...]...
96. Gift to A Class Gift to a Class Resources See Also Class gift...
97. EU Agriculture Committee Hierarchical Display of EU agriculture committee Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural policy > Common agricultural policy > Common organisation of markets EU agriculture committee Concept of EU agriculture committee See the dictionary definition of EU agriculture committee. [...]...
98. Child Children In relation to the international law practice and children in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Consular Assistance, Judicial Assistance About this subject:AdoptionNote: there is detailed information and resources under these topics during the [...]...
99. Social Rehabilitation Resources See Also Disabled Vocation...
100. Quota-Class Merchandise Goods subject to Quota (read this and related legal terms for further details) restrictions.......
101. Economic Analysis Hierarchical Display of Economic analysis Economics > Economic analysisProduction, Technology And Research > Technology and technical regulations > Technology > BenchmarkingTrade > Trade > Supply and demandEconomics > National accounts > National accountsEconomics > Economic [...]...
102. Workers' Movement Hierarchical Display of Workers' movement Politics > Politics and public safety > Trends of opinionSocial Questions > Social framework > Social structure > Social class > Working classPolitics > Political framework > Political ideology > Workers International Workers' movement [...]...
103. Parent Company Parent Company in International Trade Meaning of Parent Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A parent company, sometimes called a holding company, is a corporation that has subsidiaries which are wholly or partially-owned separate businesses [...]...
104. Social and Cultural Anthropology Hierarchical Display of Social and cultural anthropology Science > Humanities > Social sciencesSocial Questions > Culture and religion > Cultural policy > Cultural heritage > Customs and traditionsSocial Questions > Social framework > Sociocultural group > Ethnic groupSocial [...]...
105. Infant Mortality Hierarchical Display of Infant mortality Social Questions > Demography and population > Demography > MortalitySocial Questions > Demography and population > Composition of the population > Distribution by age > Child Infant mortality Concept of Infant mortality See the dictionary [...]...
106. Class Voting Resources See Also Voting group...
107. Social Sciences Resources See Also Economic Development Economics...
108. National Budget Resources See Also National Income National Accounts Expenditure Gross National Income Net National Income...
109. Gross National Income Gross National Income (gni) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Gross National Income (gni) means: comprises the market value of all products and services generated regardless of where the output is produced in given period (i.e., its gross domestic product, plus net receipts of [...]...
110. Statistics Hierarchical Display of Statistics Economics > Economic analysisSocial Questions > Social affairs > Leisure > Tourism > Tourism policy > Tourism statisticsSocial Questions > Demography and population > Demography > MortalityEnergy > Energy policy > Energy policy > Energy [...]...
111. Family Benefit Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State...
112. Tourism Statistics Hierarchical Display of Tourism statistics Social Questions > Social affairs > Leisure > Tourism > Tourism policyEconomics > Economic analysis > Statistics Tourism statistics Concept of Tourism statistics See the dictionary definition of Tourism statistics. Characteristics of Tourism [...]...
113. Class Actions Class Actions Explained References See Also Civil Procedure (in international or comparative law) Federal Courts (in international or comparative law) Resources See Also Civil Procedure Federal Courts...
114. Rural Settlement Hierarchical Display of Rural settlement Social Questions > Construction and town planning > Built-up areaEconomics > Regions and regional policy > Economic region > Rural regionSocial Questions > Demography and population > Geographical distribution of the population > Rural [...]...
115. Urban Population Urban Population (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Urban Population means: refers to the de facto population living in areas classified as urban according to the criteria used by each area or country. Data refer to 1 July of the year indicated. See Population, total. Resources [...]...
116. Mortality Maternal Mortality Ratio (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Maternal Mortality Ratio means: the number of female deaths per year due to pregnancy or for reasons connected with childbirth per 100 000 live births. Resources See Also Population Population Planning Population [...]...
117. Final Consumption Hierarchical Display of Final consumption Trade > Consumption > ConsumptionEconomics > National accounts > National accounts > Economic aggregate Final consumption Concept of Final consumption See the dictionary definition of Final consumption. Characteristics of Final consumption [rtbs [...]...
118. Health Care System Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State Health...
119. Rural Community Resources See Also Rural Development Rural Community Land Law Farm Agricultural Law Agriculture...
120. Social Situation Hierarchical Display of Social situation Social Questions > Social framework Social situation Concept of Social situation See the dictionary definition of Social situation. Characteristics of Social situation [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Social situation Spanish: [...]...