Search results for: “preferential treatment”
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Hague Cases
Hague Cases History The pious fund of the Californias The first case decided by the Hague court was concerned with the “Pious Fund of the Californias.” A fund bearing this name was formed in the 18th century for the purpose of converting to the Catholic faith the native Indians of Upper and Lower California, both…
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Most-favored-nation
A privilege granted to a nation to have customs duties levied upon its products at the lowest rate offered to any other nation. Customarily, the extension of most favored nation status is reciprocal. See tariff (Customs)….
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Certification of Origin
Certification of Origin Form A in International Trade Meaning of Certification of Origin Form A, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): This certificate is a type of Certificate of Origin that allows imports from the countries included in the GSP (General […]
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International Arbitration, Historical
International Arbitration International arbitration is a proceeding in which two nations refer their differences to one or more selected persons, who, after affording to each party an opportunity of being heard, pronounce judgment on the matters at issue. It is understood, unless otherwise expressed, that the judgment shall be in accordance with the law by…
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Political Machines
Political Machines Political Machines Definition Political Machines, local political party organization capable of mobilizing or “manufacturing”large numbers of votes on behalf of candidates for political office. Historical Introduction Political machines developed in the United States in the early 19th century, reached the peak of their power toward the end of the century, and declined in…
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History of Citation Indexing
History of Citation Indexing Legal Citation indexing originated with a table of cases that Joseph Story began in 1743. For centuries, the history of Legal Citation indexes wes related to the history of print law reports. The founder of modern citation indexing and citation analysis is Dr. Eugene Gartfield. He was the founder of ISI®…
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Constitutional Text: China 1982, Amended 2004
Constitutional Text: China Constituion of 1982, Amended in 2004 CHINA’S Constitutions OF 1982 WITH AMENDMENTS THROUGH 2004 MARCH 14TH, 2004 China is a country with one of the longest histories in the world. The people of all ethnic groups in China have jointly created a culture of grandeur and have a glorious revolutionary tradition. After…
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Constitutional Text: Brazil Constitution of 1988
Constitutional Text: Brazil Constitution of 1988 CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL OCTOBER 5, 1988 Preamble We, the representatives of the Brazilian People, convened in the National Constituent Assembly to institute a democratic state for the purpose of ensuring the exercise of social and individual rights, liberty, security, well-being, development, equality and justice as…
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International Convention on Travel Contracts (CCV)
International Convention on Travel Contracts (CCV) CHAPTER I SCOPE OF APPLICATION Article 1 For the purpose of this Convention: 1. “Travel Contract”means either an organized travel contract or an intermediary travel contract. 2. “Organized Travel Contract”means any contract whereby a person undertakes in his own name to provide for another, for an inclusive price,…
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Protection & Preservation of the Marine Environment 2
Protection & Preservation of the Marine Environment Article 203 Preferential treatment for developing States Developing States shall, for the purposes of prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the marine environment or minimization of its effects, be granted preference by International Organizations in: (a) the allocation of appropriate funds and technical assistance; and (b)…
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Geneva Convention (IV) 8
Geneva Convention (IV) PART III STATUS AND TREATMENT OF PROTECTED PERSONS SECTION I Provisions Common to the Territories of the Parties to the Conflict and to Occupied Territories Art. 27. Protected persons are entitled, in all circumstances, to respect for their persons, their honour, their family rights, their religious convictions and practices, and their…
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European Energy Charter 11
European Energy Charter ARTICLE 24 EXCEPTIONS (1) This Article shall not apply to Articles 12, 13 and 29. (2) The provisions of this Treaty other than (a) those referred to in paragraph (1); and (b) with respect to subparagraph (i), Part III of the Treaty shall not preclude any Contracting Party from adopting or…
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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade resources
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) / World Trade Organization (WTO) resources Legal texts index A-Z Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization Agreement Establishing the WTO: acceptance of and accession to the agreement Agriculture > summary > interpretation Agriculture: measures concerning the possible negative effects of the reform programme on least-developed and net food-importing…
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Outline of International economic laws
Outline of International economic laws I. Overview a. Intl Economic law is how each government’s regulations affect the market. Its international law that seeks to limit/govern the ways governments can regulate trade. II. WTO World Trade Organization (p.36) a. Predecessor: GATT i. After WWII, efforts to establish an “International Trade Organization” failed. GATT was supposed…