General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) / World Trade Organization (WTO) resources

Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization
Agreement Establishing the WTO: acceptance of and accession to the agreement
Agriculture > summary > interpretation
Agriculture: measures concerning the possible negative effects of the reform programme on least-developed and net food-importing developing countries
Annex 1A Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods
Annex 1B General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) > summary > interpretation
Annex 1C Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) > summary > interpretation
Annex 2 Dispute Settlement Understanding > summary > interpretation
Annex 3 Trade Policy Review Mechanism > interpretation
Annex 4 Plurilateral Trade Agreements
Annex 4(a) Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft
Annex 4(b) Agreement on Government Procurement > summary
Annex 4(c) International Dairy Agreement
Annex 4(d) International Bovine Meat Agreement
Anti-dumping (Article VI of GATT 1994) > summary > interpretation
Balance-of-payments, Understanding
Binding commitments on how much access foreign service providers are allowed for specific sectors. Includes lists types of services where individual countries say they are not applying the “most-favoured-nation” principle of non-discrimination.
Cases where customs administrations have reasons to doubt the truth or accuracy of the declared value
Certain dispute settlement procedures for the GATS
Concession withdrawal (GATT Art.XXVIII), Understanding
Contribution of the WTO to achieving greater coherence in global economic policymaking
Customs valuation (Article VII of GATT 1994)
Customs valuation (GATT Article VII):
Decision on anti-circumvention
Decision on review of Article 17.6 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement
Decisions adopted by the Trade Negotiations Committee on 15 December 1993 and 14 April 1994
Decisions and declarations on anti-dumping (GATT Article VI) and subsidies and countervailing measures adopted by the Trade Negotiations Committee on 15 December 1993
Declaration on dispute settlement pursuant to the Anti-Dumping and Subsidies and Countervailing Measures agreements ;
Declarations adopted by the Trade Negotiations Committee on 15 December 1993
Dispute settlement: application and review of the Dispute Settlement Understanding
Establishment of the Preparatory Committee for the WTO
Fifth protocol: financial services
Final Act
Financial services
For goods in general: binding commitments on tariffs. For agriculture: tariffs, combinations of tariffs and quotas, export subsidies and some types of domestic support.
Fourth protocol: basic telecommunications
GATT 1994 > summary > interpretation
Goods
Goods schedules gateway: gives links to individual member governments’ goods schedules agreed during the Uruguay Round.
Government procurement: accession to the agreement
Help on reading a goods schedule (coming soon)
Import Licensing > summary > interpretation
Institutional arrangements for the GATS
Marrakesh Declaration of 15 April 1994
Marrakesh Protocol to the GATT 1994
Measures in favour of least-developed countries
Minimum values and imports by sole agents, sole distributors and sole concessionaires
Negotiations on basic telecommunications
Negotiations on maritime transport services
Negotiations on movement of natural persons
Notification procedures
Organization and financial consequences flowing from implementation of the Agreement Establishing the WTO
Other duties and charges (GATT Art.II:l(b)), Understanding
Post-1994 goods agreement (Information Technology Agreement)
Preferential treatment for least-developed countries – Decision on Waiver, 1999
Preshipment Inspection > summary > interpretation
Professional services
Proposed Understanding on WTO-ISO Standards Information System
Protocols of accession for countries joining the WTO after 1995
Protocols of accession, for countries that have negotiated and become WTO members after 1995.
Regional trade agreements (GATT Art.XXIV)
Relationship of the WTO with the International Monetary Fund
Review of the ISO/IEC Information Centre Publication
Rules of Origin > summary > interpretation
Safeguards > summary > interpretation
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures > summary > interpretation
Second protocol: financial services
Services:
State trading enterprises (GATT Art.XVII), Understanding
Subsidies and Countervailing Measures > summary > interpretation
Technical Barriers to Trade > summary > interpretation
Technical barriers to trade:
Textiles and Clothing > summary > interpretation
Textiles and clothing: notification of first integration under Article 2.6
The “Final Act” signed in Marrakesh in 1994 is like a cover note. Everything else is attached to this. Foremost is the Agreement Establishing the WTO (or the WTO Agreement), which serves as an umbrella agreement. Annexed are the agreements on goods, services and intellectual property, dispute settlement, trade policy review mechanism and the plurilateral agreements. The schedules of commitments also form part of the Uruguay Round agreements.
The original agreement dealing with trade in goods, now incorporated into GATT 1994
These are additional agreements negotiated after the Uruguay Round and attached to the General Agreement on Trade in Services. There is no “First Protocol” . The related schedules of commitments can be ordered from the online bookshop.
These are the negotiated terms of membership for countries joining the WTO after it was created on 1 January 1995. They include each new member’s schedules of commitments.
These schedules contain the commitments made by individual WTO members allowing specific foreign products or service-providers access to their markets. The schedules are integral parts of the agreements. In the print version these schedules comprise about 30,000 pages for all WTO Members.
Third protocol: movement of natural persons
Trade and environment
Trade in services and the environment
Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) > summary > interpretation
Understanding on Commitments in Financial Services
Uruguay Round ministerial decisions and declarations
Waivers of Obligations, Understanding

•Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round (Washington, D.C.; G.P.O., 1993).
•[GATT] Basic Instruments and Selected Documents (BISD) (Geneva: GATT, 1953-). Also available on Lexis .
•1867 UNTS 3.
•Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations: The Legal Texts (Geneva: WTO, 1994).

Uruguay Round Agreements Act , Pub. L. 103-465, 108 Stat. 4809 (1994), 19 USC 3501. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see “Short Title”note in the code.

Most GATT documents from 1947-1996 are only available in microfiche. From 1995 to present, the publicly available WTO documents are available at the WTO Web site. There is a project underway to make some of the GATT documents available on the Web, see GATT Digitial Archive 1947-1994.

For more detailed information on researching GATT/WTO documents, see WTO/GATT Research.

•Analytical Index: Guide to GATT Law and Practice (Geneva: GATT, 1994).
•WTO Analytical Index: Guide to WTO Law and Practice (Lanham, MD, U.S.A. : Bernan, 2003).
•Dispute Resolution in the World Trade Organisation (London: Cameron May, 1998).
•Dunkel Draft (NY: Hein, 1992).
•From GATT to the WTO: The Multilateral Trading System in the new Millenium (The Hague ; Boston : Kluwer Law International, 2000).
•The GATT Uruguay Round: A Negotiating History, 1986-1992 (Boston: Kluwer 1993-).
•Handbook of WTO/GATT Dispute Settlement (Hudson, NY: Transnational Jurists, 1991-).
•Robert Hudec, Developing Countries in the GATT Legal System (Brookfield, VT: Gower, 1987).
•Robert Hudec, “The GATT Legal System and World Trade Diplomacy (Salem, NH: Butterworth, 1993).
•Robert Hudec, Enforcing International trade law : the Evolution of the Modern GATT Legal System (Salem, NH: Butterworth, 1993).
•John Jackson, Restructuring the GATT System (NY: Council on Foreign Relations Pr., 1990).
•John Jackson, The World Trade Organization: Constitution and Jurisprudence (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1998).
•John Jackson, The World Trading System: Law and Policy of International Economic Relations (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1997).
•John Jackson, The Jurisprudence of GATT and the WTO: Insights on Treaty Law and Economic Relations (Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2000).
•Law and Practice of the World Trade Organization (NY: Oceana, 1995-).
•Status of Legal Instruments [GATT] (Geneva: GATT, 1971-1993).
•Status of Legal Instruments [World Trade Organization] (Geneva : WTO Publications, 1996-).
•Uruguay Round Trade Agreements, Texts of Agreements, Implementing Bill, Statement of Administrative Action, and Required Supporting Statements: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting the Uruguay Round Trade Agreements, Texts of Agreements, Implementing Bill, Statement of Administrative Action and Required Supporting Statements (Washington: U.S. G.P.O.,1994).
•WTO Reporter (Washington, D.C.:BNA, 2000-).

Article 27.3(b), protection for plants and animals, traditional knowledge and biodiversity
Building trade capacity
Geographical indications
Least developed countries’ priority needs
Non-violation complaints (Article 64.2)
Preshipment Inspection
Technology transfer
The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), financial services, telecommunications, etc. Includes analyses of service trade liberalization and day-to-day work on trade in services in the WTO.
TRIPS and public health and dedicated webpage for notifications
Accessions (goes to “The WTO” – institutional information – section of the website)
Agriculture and agriculture negotiations
Aid for Trade
Anti-dumping and rules negotiations
Balance of payments
Civil aircraft
Competition policy
Customs valuation
Development
Dispute settlement
Dispute settlement gateway page
Electronic commerce
Environment
GATT and the Goods Council
Goods
Government procurement
Import licensing
Information technology products
Integrated Framework
Intellectual property
Intellectual property gateway page
Investment and trade
Market access for goods and related negotiations
Other topics
Regional trade agreements and negotiations on RTAs
Rules of origin
Safeguards (contingency trade barriers)
Sanitary and phytosanitary measures (food safety, animal and plant health and safety)
Schedules of concessions on goods
Services
Services gateway page
Services negotiations
State trading enterprises
Subsidies and countervailing measures and rules negotiations
Tariffs
Technical assistance and training
Technical barriers to trade
Textiles
The Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) and related issues in the WTO.
Trade facilitation
Trade policy reviews

Author: international

Mentioned in these Entries

Diplomacy, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, International trade law, Lexis.