Naval Policy

History of the Two Power Standard

The following commentary about Two Power Standard in the Churchill Era is produced by the Churchill College (Cambridge): The British naval policy adopted in 1889 whereby the Royal Navy was to be maintained at a size at least equal to those of the next two largest fleets combined. At the time these were supposed to be fleets of France and Russia, but the policy was a major driving force behind Britain’s reaction to German naval expansion in the years before 1914 (see Tirpitz; Navy League; Navy Laws). The policy was abandoned by Churchill as First Lord of the Admiralty in 1912.

In International humanitarian law Treaties

International humanitarian law (IHL) is based on a number of treaties, in particular the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols, and a series of other instruments.

NAVAL AND AIRWARFARE Treaties

• Hague Convention (VI) on Enemy Merchant Ships, 1907, 18.10.1907
• Hague Convention (VII) on Conversion of Merchant Ships, 1907, 18.10.1907
• Hague Convention (VIII) on Submarine Mines, 1907, 18.10.1907
• Hague Convention (IX) on Bombardment by Naval Forces, 1907, 18.10.1907
• Hague Convention (XI) on Restrictions of the Right of Capture, 1907, 18.10.1907
• Hague Convention (XIII) on Neutral Powers in Naval War, 1907, 18.10.1907
• Havana Convention on Maritime Neutrality, 1928, 20.02.1928
• London Treaty on Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armaments, 1930, 22.04.1930
• Procès-verbal on Submarine Warfare of the Treaty of London, 1936, 06.11.1936
• San Remo Manual on Armed Conflicts at Sea, 1994, 12.06.1994