Multinational Corporation

by

International Legal Research

Information about Multinational Corporation in free legal resources:

Treaties & Agreements

International Organizations

Jurisprudence $ Commentary

European Union

IP Law

Multinational Corporation

Multinational Corporation in International Trade

Meaning of Multinational Corporation (MNC), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A large commercial organization with affiliates operating companies in a number of different countries. A typically one normally functions with a headquarters that is based in one country, while other facilities are based in locations in other countries. In some circles, this type of corporation is referred to as a multinational enterprise (MBE) or a transnational corporation (TNC). There are several models of multinational corporations:

Centralized: in this model the executive headquarters are in one nation, while production facilities are located in one or more other countries. This model often allows the company to take advantage of benefits of incorporating in a given locality, while also being able to produce goods and services in areas where the cost of production is lower.

Regional: a third approach to the setup of an MNC involves the establishment of a headquarters in one country that oversees a diverse conglomeration that stretches to many different countries and industries. With this model, the corporation includes affiliates, subsidiaries and possibly even some facilities that report directly to the headquarters.

Multinational: in this model there is a parent company base in one nation and operate subsidiaries in other countries around the world. With this model, just about all the functions of the parent are based in the country of origin. The subsidiaries more or less function independently, outside of a few basic ties to the parent.

In a globalized world multinational corporations sometimes has a greater ability to adapt to economic and political shifts that corporations that function in a single nation. Along with decreasing costs associated with producing core products, this business model also opens the door for diversification, which often makes it possible for a company to remain solvent even when one division or subsidiary is posting a temporary loss. See holding company; parent company; sister company; subsidiary.

Multinational Corporation (mnc) (in the Human Development Area)

In this context, Multinational Corporation (mnc) means:

a company operating in a number of countries that has production or service facilities outside the country of its origin. As a rule, an MNC is an enterprise producing at least 25 per cent of its world output outside its country of origin.

Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

  1. Subpart F A provision of the Internal Revenue Code (Sections 951-64) that imposes U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of "controlled foreign corporations." Subpart F was incorporated into the Code by the Revenue Act of 1962; prior to that time, earnings by foreign subsidiaries of U.S. fi......
  2. Income Differentiation Decile Ratios of Income Differentiation (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Decile Ratios of Income Differentiation means: ratio between the minimum income 10% of the wealthiest and highest-income families the most low income or people....
  3. Double Taxation Summary of Double Taxation The condition that arises when a multinational firm is taxed on overseas income in both the source country and the country of the corporation's domicile. This problem arises because nations use varying systems of taxation. Recognizing that double taxation is [...]...
  4. World Bank World Bank and the World Bank Group Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including World Bank , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including World Bank , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) [...]...
  5. Basic Needs Summary of Basic Needs A code word for official development ASSISTANCE (read this legal term for further details) programs aimed toward the improvement of health care, education, nutrition, and like fundamental services in poorer nations. The basic needs concept has been criticized by some [...]...
  6. Royalties In the United States For information about Royalties in the context of international trade, click here Royalties and the Laws of International Trade Royalties Intellectual Property and Competition Law Royalties in International Trade Meaning of Royalties, according to the Dictionary of [...]...
  7. Gross National Income Gross National Income (gni) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Gross National Income (gni) means: comprises the market value of all products and services generated regardless of where the output is produced in given period (i.e., its gross domestic product, plus net receipts of [...]...
  8. Subsidiary Subsidiary or Subordinate Election Management Body in Election Law An Election Management Body (EMB) that is not the primary or principal entity responsible for the organisation of elections within a given state. It may be regional or local. Subsidiary in International Trade Meaning of [...]...
  9. Fao Fao Fao (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Fao means: is a food and agriculture organization, founded in 1945. Covers questions of food resources and agricultural development in order to improve the lives of the peoples of the world. Embracing mainstream international law, this [...]...
  10. Economic Growth Futureless Economic Growth (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Futureless Economic Growth means: Futureless growth that is accompanied by a waste of economic and natural resources needed to sustain life for future generations. Ruthless Economic Growth (in the Human Development [...]...
  11. Human Expenditure Human Expenditure Ratio (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Human Expenditure Ratio means: the percentage of national income devoted to human priority concerns....
  12. Limited Liability Company Gmbh (Gesellschaft Mit Beschränker Haftung) in Company Law Meaning of Gmbh (Gesellschaft Mit Beschränker Haftung), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In German speaking countries (Austria, Germany, Switzerland) a designation for a private limited [...]...
  13. Managing Director Managing Director in International Trade Meaning of Managing Director, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A managing director is someone who is responsible for the daily operations of a company, organization, or corporate division. In some countries, the [...]...
  14. Human Development Human Development in United Nations Activities In this context, Human Development means: is the expansion of people's freedoms to live long, healthy and creative lives; to advanceother goals they have reason to value;and to engage actively in shaping development equitably and sustainably [...]...
  15. International Fund for Agricultural Development International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD): A specialized agency of the United Nations [...]...
  16. Deprivation Deprivation (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Deprivation means: loss of economic fundamentals (food, shelter, etc.), social (health, education, etc.) and other benefits....
  17. Parent Company Parent Company in International Trade Meaning of Parent Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A parent company, sometimes called a holding company, is a corporation that has subsidiaries which are wholly or partially-owned separate businesses [...]...
  18. Nationality of Company Nationality of Company/corporation Embracing mainstream international law, this section on nationality of company/corporation explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "nationality of company/corporation" in the [...]...
  19. Developed Countries Summary of Developed Countries A generalized grouping of the industrialized nations. Customarily, the term is applied to those nations that are members of the organization for economic cooperation And Development (read this and related legal terms for further details) plus the [...]...
  20. Unctad Concept of Unctad An introductory definition of Unctad is provided here: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development: formed 1964: first Secretary General Raul Prebisch: called for reform of system of international trade based on liberalism and comparative advantage, in order to assist [...]...
  21. Agenda 21 «agenda 21» (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Agenda 21 means: is an action plan of the United Nations (UN) related to sustainable development and was an outcome of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, [...]...
  22. Earned Income Earned Income (ppp Us$), Estimated (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Earned Income (ppp Us$), Estimated means: derived on the basis of the ratio of the female nonagricultural wage to the male nonagricultural wage, the female and male shares of the economically active population, [...]...
  23. United Nations Industrial Development Organization Introduction to United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), international agency established by the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) in 1966 to promote industrialization in developing nations. The organization offers [...]...
  24. World Bank Group World Bank Group in International Trade Meaning of World Bank Group, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Bank Group is a specialized United Nations agency dedicated to improving living standards in developing countries through facilitation and [...]...
  25. WTO WTO in International Trade Meaning of Wto, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Trade Organization was established by the Uruguay Round in 1995 as successor to the GATT (General Agreement o Tariffs and Trade), the WTO is the only global organization [...]...
  26. Life Expectancy Health-adjusted Life Expectancy (hale) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Health-adjusted Life Expectancy (hale) means: an indicator that firstly was introduced by WHO as average number of years that a person can expect to live in "full health" by taking into account [...]...
  27. Poverty Gap Poverty Gap (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Poverty Gap means: the aggregate shortfall of the expenditure or income of poor households from the poverty line....
  28. Income Poverty Line, Population Below Population Below Income Poverty Line (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Population Below Income Poverty Line means: percentage of the population living below the specified poverty line (PPP $1.25 a day and the national poverty line). The national poverty line is the poverty [...]...
  29. Health System Health System (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Health System means: _onsists of all actors, institutions and resources that undertake health activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore or maintain health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. [...]...
  30. Human Development Reports Human Development Reports Further ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Human Development Reports , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Human Development Reports , Boczek, [...]...
  31. Director CEO in Business Meaning of CEO, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the highest-ranking manager in a corporation. He or she is in charge of growth, financial operations, and goal setting for an organization. This [...]...
  32. Disaggregation Disaggregation (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Disaggregation means: _ process of calculating indicators for different geographic subregions, ethnic groups and minorities, genders and income classes, among other classifications, whereby potential areas of inequality can be [...]...
  33. Sogo Shosha A Japanese general trading company. Customarily, the term is used in connection with the largest of such companies. According to the Trade Business Statistics report for 1981 issued by the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry, there are over 8,500 trading companies operating in [...]...
  34. Lesser Developed Country Lesser Developed Country in International Law Meaning of Lesser Developed Country (LLDC), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The classification LDC was developed by the United Nations to give some guidance to donor agencies and countries about and equitable [...]...
  35. Gross Domestic Product Summary of Gross Domestic Product The aggregate value, expressed in monetary terms, of all goods and services produced within a national economy during a given time period, usually one year.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Gross Domestic Product (gdp) (in the Human Development [...]...
  36. Poverty The Legal History of Poverty This section provides an overview of Poverty Human Poverty Index For Selected High-incomeoecd Countries (hpi-2) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Human Poverty Index For Selected High-incomeoecd Countries (hpi-2) means: _ composite index measuring [...]...
  37. Household Household (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Household means: a small group of people living in the same territory, who join part or all of their income and property, and consume certain types of products and services, notably housing services and food; there are family and [...]...
  38. Official Aid Official Aid (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Official Aid means: grants or loans that meet the same standards as for official development assistance (ODA) except that recipient countries do not qualify as recipients of ODA. These countries are identified in part II of the [...]...
  39. Absolute Poverty Absolute Poverty (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Absolute Poverty means: number of persons or households whose level of consumption or income below the poverty line....
  40. Adjusted Net Savings Adjusted Net Savings (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Adjusted Net Savings means: rate of savings in an economy after taking into account investments in human capital, depletion of natural recourses and damage caused by pollution, expressed as a percentage of gross national [...]...
  41. Developing Nations Concept of Developing Nations An introductory definition of Developing Nations is provided here: A term used to refer to nation states whose economic and political structures are not well developed, in relation to the wealthier, industrialized world. Developing nations have low income levels [...]...
  42. International Development Association International Development Association Outline The IDA is one of the two affiliates of the World Bank. It came into existence in 1962 under the Articles of Agreement of the International Development Association of 1960. Its main function is to provide loans on more favourable and flexible terms [...]...
  43. Holding Company Holding Company in International Trade Meaning of Holding Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Holding companies are corporations that are created for the sole purpose of obtaining and managing a controlling interest in other companies. There are [...]...
  44. Wipo Wipo Wipo in International Trade Meaning of Wipo, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Intellectual Property Organization is specialized agency of the United Nations system that seeks to promote international cooperation in the protection of [...]...
  45. Intergovernmental Organizations A list of some Intergovernmental Organizations is the following: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization ( CTBTO ) Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) Global Environment Facility ( GEF ) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) International Atomic [...]...
  46. Joint Venture Summary of Joint Venture A business enterprise with more than one equity participant; for example, an agreement between a German firm and a U.S. firm to capitalize jointly a new factory in Venezuela. Many countries impose restrictions on joint ventures; these restrictions may take the form [...]...
  47. Real Property Holding Company A foreign corporation (i.e., not chartered in the United States) in which a Domestic International Sales Corporation (read this and related legal terms for further details), or DISC, controls more than 50 percent of the ......
  48. Empowerment Women's Empowerment in Election Law Process by which women gain power and control over their own lives. It involves awareness-raising, self-confidence building, expansion of choices, increased access to and control over resources and actions to transform the structures and institutions [...]...
  49. Health Promotion Health Promotion (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Health Promotion means: health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health. Health promotion represents a comprehensive social and political process, it not only embraces [...]...
  50. Human Capital Summary of Human Capital An enrichment of the productive capacity of labor by means of specialized training and education.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Human Capital (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Human Capital means: is formed from investments in human [...]...
  51. Health Indicator Health Indicator (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Health Indicator means: a health indicator is a characteristic of an individual, population, or environment which is measured (directly or indirectly) and could be used to describe one or more aspects of the health based on [...]...
  52. United Nations Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) United Nations Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, United Nations Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) means: of the United Nations constitutes one of the six (one is not active at the moment) principal organs of the United Nations and it is [...]...
  53. Well-being Well-being (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Well-being means: expanding people's real freedoms —so that people can flourish. (one of the three human development's components: include justice, _mpowerment and agency)...
  54. Caricom Caricom Caricom in International Trade Meaning of Caricom, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Caribbean Community Market (CARICOM) is an organization of 15 Caribbean nations established in 1973 whose main purposes are to promote economic integration and [...]...
  55. Limited Limited (ltd.) in International Trade Meaning of Limited (ltd.), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In United Kingdom, United States and other countries, designation for a private limited liability corporation with limited liability to shareholders....
  56. Health Expenditure Health Expenditure Per Capita (ppp Us$) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Health Expenditure Per Capita (ppp Us$) means: the sum of public and private expenditure (in purchasing power parity terms in US dollars), divided by the mid-year population. Health expenditure includes [...]...
  57. Microfinance Microfinance (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Microfinance means: the complex of financial products for low-income part of population aimed at facilitating their involvement into economic activity. This section provides an overview of microfinance within the legal context of [...]...
  58. Branch Rule A provision of the Internal Revenue Code that holds that where a controlled foreign corporation operates outside its country of incorporation through a branch, the branch will be treated as a separate corporation in determining foreign base company income, when the branch's activities have "......
  59. Quality Control Quality Control in International Trade Meaning of Quality Control, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The process of making sure that goods and services are produced and maintained to agreed quality standards. Resources See Also Business Company [...]...
  60. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Bank For Reconstruction And Development International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Outline The IBRD was established pursuant to the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944. Its headquarters are in Washington, DC. As its name suggests, it is an intergovernmental (as opposed to [...]...
  61. Kompass Kompass in International Trade Meaning of Kompass, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Kompass is the leading online global business directory with nearly 4 million registered businesses in 60 countries. The search can be done by country, product or company [...]...
  62. Enclave Countries Enclave Countries (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Enclave Countries means: countries that are isolated from see ports and don't have direct access to them....
  63. Female Earned Income, Ratio of Estimated Female to Male (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Earned Income, Ratio of Estimated Female to Male means: the ratio of estimated female earned income to estimated male earned income....
  64. Portfolio Investment A minority interest in a foreign venture from which income is derived in the form of dividends; normally such an interest does not convey any significant control over the management or operations of the foreign firm.......
  65. Remittances Remittances (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Remittances means: are earnings and material resources transferred by international migrants or refugees to recipients in their country of origin or countries in which the migrant formerly resided....
  66. Multinational Operations In the United States For information about Multinational Operations in the context of international trade, click here...
  67. Multinational Concept of Multinational An introductory definition of Multinational is provided here: Involving more than two nations. The term multinational can be contrasted with binational or bilateral (only two) or unilateral (only one). Concept of Multinational Note: explore also the meaning of this [...]...
  68. Multinational Force Concept of Multinational Force An introductory definition of Multinational Force is provided here: A military force comprising members from more than two nations. For instance, when the United Nations sends a peacekeeping force to a troubled area, it often assembles a multinational force. [...]...
  69. Multinational Enterprises In the United States For information about Multinational Enterprises in the context of international trade, click here...
  70. Multinational Corporations Embracing mainstream international law, this section on multinational corporations explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "multinational corporations" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
  71. Multinational Enterprise Resources See Also Enterprise Joint Enterprise Joint Venture...
  72. Multinational Bargaining Resources See Also Trade Unionism Trade Union Chartism Trade Union Legislation...
  73. Multinational Research Satellite Immunity From Attachment of Multinational Research Satellite in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On May 3, 2011, the United States filed a statement of interest in the U.S. District Court for the [...]...
  74. Corporation Sociedad Anónima (s.a.) in International Trade Meaning of Sociedad Anónima (s.a.), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In Spain, México and Latin America designation for a joint stock company with limited personal to shareholders. See [...]...
  75. International Finance Corporation International Finance Corporation Outline The IFC is part of the World Bank. It came into force in 1956 pursuant to the Articles of Agreement of the International Finance Corporation of 1955. Its main function is to facilitate the supply of funds to private enterprises in order to encourage or [...]...
  76. Corporation Tax Resources See Also Taxation Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation...
  77. Associated Foreign Corporation As used in conjunction with the operations of a DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL SALES CORPORATION (read this and related legal terms for further details), or DISC, a foreign corporation in which neither the DISC nor members of t......
  78. Edge Act Corporation A federally chartered bank formed under authority of the Edge Act of 1919 (Section 25 A of the Federal Reserve Act) exclusively for the purpose of engaging in international transactions. The Edge Act permits a commercial bank, through the formation of a subsidiary under Section 25 (A), to overcome t......
  79. Foreign Corporation A corporation operating in a jurisdiction other than the one in which it was chartered. For example, a corporation chartered in France and one chartered in Connecticut would be equally foreign in New York. Occasionally the term alien corporation is applied to distinguish corporations chartered in no......
  80. Section 931 Corporation It was a corporation operating in various U.S. possessions that, under certain circumstances, might accrue significant tax benefits. So named for Section 931 of the Internal Revenue Code, a firm might be exempt from Federal income tax on U.S. possessions income (so long as the dividends were not dis......
  81. Benevolent Corporation Resources See Also Charitable corporation...
  82. Aggregate Corporation Resources See Also Corporation...
  83. Aggressor Corporation Resources See Also Leveraged buyout Tender offer...
  84. Charitable Corporation Resources See Also Charitable organizations, infra...
  85. Cooperative Corporation Resources See Also Cooperative...
  86. Close Corporation Close or Closely Held Corporation Resources See Also Corporation...
  87. Eastern Air Lines v. Gulf Oil Corporation ContentsEastern Air Lines v. Gulf Oil CorporationConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Eastern Air Lines v. Gulf ... Read more...
  88. Eastern Air Lines, Inc. v. Gulf Oil Corporation ContentsEastern Air Lines, Inc. v. Gulf Oil CorporationKey concepts:ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Eastern Air Lines, ... Read more...
  89. China Trade Act Corporation A corporation formed under the China Trade Act of 1922, which provided special tax incentives to firms engaged in trade with China. Following the collapse of the Nationalist government on mainland China in 1949, the act was amended to cover only Taiwan and Hong Kong. In its final form, the act provi......
  90. Domestic International Sales Corporation Commonly known by the acronym DISC, a U.S.-chartered corporation, qualified with the Internal Revenue Service, that derives virtually all of its income from export sales and export-related activities. A properly qualified DISC was permitted to defer indefinitely tax on a portion of its income. The D......
  91. Foreign International Sales Corporation A foreign corporation controlled by a Domestic International Sales Corporation(read this and related legal terms for further details) (DISC) that satisfies the requirements of Section 993 of the Internal Reve......
  92. Less Developed Country Corporation As provided in the 1980s in U.S. tax laws, a firm that derived at least 80 percent of its income in less developed countries (LDCs) and had at least 80 percent of its assets in LDCs. Dividend and interest income from such corporations was excluded from foreign-base company income to the extent it wa......
  93. Overseas Private Investment Corporation An independent agency of the U.S. government formed in 1971 to stimulate private investment in overseas projects, usually in developing countries. In furthering this objective, OPIC provides: (1) cost assistance, up to 75 percent, in the establishment of the foreign venture; (2) direct loans [...]...
  94. Private Export Funding Corporation A private corporation organized in 1970 for the purpose of providing medium- to long-term financing to foreign buyers of U.S. goods and services. PEFCO is owned by commercial banks and major industrial firms. Working capital is raised by issuance of commercial paper, guaranteed by the U.S. Export-Im......
  95. Related Foreign Export Corporation According to Section 933 of the Internal Revenue Code, any foreign corporation that satisfies the definition of a foreign international sales Corporation, A Real Property Holding Company, or an Associated Foreign Corporation (qq.V.). See Domestic International Sales Corporation.......
  96. Inter-American Investment Corporation ContentsInter-American Investment Corporation (IIC)Regional Member CountriesActivities Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC) The Inter-American Investment Corporation, an affiliate of the Inter-American Development ... Read more...
  97. Joint Venture Corporation Resources See Also Corporation...
  98. Banking And Financing Controlled Foreign Corporation A controlled foreign corporation within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code, that derives more than 50 percent of its gross income from retail or commercial banking, negotiable paper transactions, or investment banking.......
  99. Radio Corporation of America V. Government of China Radio Corporation of America v. Government of China Embracing mainstream international law, this section on radio corporation of america v. government of china explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "radio [...]...
  100. BUNGE CORPORATION, NEW YORK v. TRADAX EXPORT S.A., PANAMA ContentsBUNGE CORPORATION, NEW YORK v. TRADAX EXPORT S.A., PANAMAOverviewINTRODUCTION: APPEAL from the Court of AppealJUDGMENT-1: LORD WILBERFORCEJUDGMENT-2JUDGMENT-3ResourcesSee Also BUNGE CORPORATION, ... Read more...
  101. C Corporation Resources See Also Corporation...
  102. Discount Corporation A firm engaged in the discounting and trading of bills of exchange and acceptances. In the United States these functions are usually performed by commercial banks, although there are entities other than commercial banks specializing in this area.......
  103. Domestic Corporation A corporation operating in the jurisdiction in which it was formed; hence, a New York corporation is a domestic corporation in New York, but a foreign corporation everywhere else.......
  104. Not-for-profit Corporation Resources See Also Non-profit corporation...
  105. Austin v. Loral Corporation Austin v. Loral Corporation 1971 New York Court of Appeals • Loral had contract with Navy for radar sets, subcontracted ... Read more...
  106. Commodity Credit Corporation A Federally chartered corporation controlled by the U.S. government and administered as a part of the Department of Agriculture. In addition to various domestic agricultural stabilization efforts, the CCC administers three foreign sales promotion programs.......
  107. Foreign Sales Corporation Act A component of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, which permits formation of Foreign Sales Corporations (FSC, pronounced "fisk") as a tax incentive to American exporters, and revises tax treatment of income earned by Domestic International Sales Corporations (...
  108. Western Hemisphere Trading Corporation A domestic U.S. corporation which was entitled to certain tax advantages under Sections 921-22 of the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify, a U.S.- chartered corporation must (1) derive at least 95 percent of its gross income for the three-year period immediately preceding the taxable year (or througho......
  109. Quasi-public Corporation Resources See Also Corporation...
  110. Monopoly Summary of Monopoly The condition in which a given product or service can be obtained only from a single supplier that is free to use its market position to exact excessive prices for the product or service it controls. The Sherman Act of 1890 makes monopolies and attempts to monopolize [...]...
  111. Montreal Protocol   Article 1: Definitions For the purposes of this Protocol: 1. "Convention"means the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, adopted on 22 March 1985. 2. "Parties"means, unless the text otherwise indicates, Parties to this Protocol. 3. [...]...
  112. Migration Migration Definition Migration may be defined as the movement of people, especially of whole groups, from one place, region, or country to another, particularly with the intention of making permanent settlement in a new location. See more definitions about migration in the law dictionary. [...]...
  113. Discrimination Summary of Discrimination Unequal treatment in the duties, quotas, or administrative controls accorded to the products of one or more nations. Generally speaking, any nation which does not enjoy most FAVORED NATION (read this and related legal terms for further details) status is the subject [...]...
  114. Multimodal Transport The movement of goods by more than one mode, or type, of transport, for example, a movement by truck to a pier, then by ship to a foreign port, and finally by rail to the customer.......
  115. Parity In arbitrage usage, an equivalent value for two currencies; for example, the Bermuda dollar enjoys parity with the U.S. dollar (B$l = U.S.SI).......
  116. International Monetary Fund International Monetary Fund Outline The UN Monetary and Financial Conference met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, from 1 to 20 July 1944. The Bretton Woods Agreement announced the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for [...]...
  117. Developing Countries Developing Countries in International Trade Meaning of Developing Countries, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The developing countries generally lack a high degree of industrialization, infrastructure and other capital investment, sophisticated [...]...
  118. Foreign Direct Investment Foreign Direct Investment in International Trade Meaning of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The controlling ownership in a business enterprise in one country by an entity based in another country. According to balance of [...]...
  119. Multicurrency Clause Multicurrency Clause in International Trade Meaning of Multicurrency Clause, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A clause in a loan agreement stating that more than one currency may be used in paying or redeeming the loan....
  120. Multidomestic Strategy Multidomestic Strategy in International Trade Meaning of Multidomestic Strategy, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A multidomestic strategy is an international marketing approach that chooses to focus advertising and commercial efforts on the needs of a [...]...

Leave a Comment