Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Air Pollution Land and Air Pollution and Related Issues In relation to the international law practice and land and air pollution and related issues in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Environment and Other Transnational Scientific Issues About this subject:Minamata [...]...
2. River Pollution Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Clean Air Environmental Law Environmental Policy Pollution...
3. Water Pollution Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy...
4. Environmental Degradation Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy...
5. Climatic Influence Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
6. Climatic Zones Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
7. EARTH SCIENCES Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
8. Temperate Zone Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
9. Water Distribution Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
10. Water Quality Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
11. Water Requirements Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
12. Water Storage Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
13. Water Treatment Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
14. Water Utilization Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
15. Garbage Disposal Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Clean Air Environmental Law Environmental Policy Pollution...
16. Landscape Protection Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Clean Air Environmental Law Environmental Policy Pollution...
17. Sewage Disposal Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Clean Air Environmental Law Environmental Policy Pollution...
18. Soil Fertility Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Clean Air Environmental Law Environmental Policy Pollution...
19. Wildlife Protection Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Clean Air Environmental Law Environmental Policy Pollution...
20. Drinking Water Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy...
21. Soil Conservation Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy...
22. Water Conservation Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy...
23. Water Supply Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy...
24. Desert Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
25. METEOROLOGY Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
26. Rain Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
27. River Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Clean Air Environmental Law Environmental Policy Pollution...
28. Pollution Control Cap-and-trade (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Cap-and-trade means: emissions trading is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. A central authority (usually a governmental body) [...]...
29. Exploitability Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy...
30. Soil Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy...
31. Flood Control Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Disaster...
32. Resources Inventory Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy...
33. Soil Resources Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy...
34. Water Resources Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy...
35. Weather Embracing mainstream international law, this section on weather explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate Resources [...]...
36. Ecology Ecology Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
37. International Environmental Policy International Environmental Law, Policy and Implementation Contents of International Environmental Law, Policy and Implementation Contents of this subject matter include: Origins and development of IEL Sources and conceptual framework of IEL Air and atmospheric pollution Biological diversity [...]...
38. Marine Resources Embracing mainstream international law, this section on marine resources explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Resources [...]...
39. Floating Policy A contract of marine insurance that remains in force until canceled. Within the geographic, dollar, or product limitations stipulated, the policy is designed to cover all the shipments of the assured, who reports them to the underwriter on a regular basis.......
40. Climate Climate Related Fields Related topics include: International Environmental Law Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Environmental Law Violations Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Pollution Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Environmental Law [...]...
41. Federation Of American Controlled Shipping An association of American firms that operate Liberian- and Panamanian-registered tankers, bulk carriers, and specialized vessels. Currently, federation member firms control over forty-three million deadweight tons of foreign shipping. In addition, federation members control approximately one-half t......
42. Atmospheric Protection Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Climate...
43. Flotsam Wreckage of a ship or its cargo found floating upon the sea.......
44. Floating Exchange Rates A condition in which parities among foreign currencies are absent: a currency's worth in relation to other currencies is determined largely by market forces, with only occasional government intervention to prevent disruptive swings in the value of an important currency.......
45. Flag of Convenience Flag Of Convenience Summary of Flag Of Convenience Registration of a vessel in a country other than that of the ship's owners, because the registering nation affords the owners tax or other benefits not available in the home country.(Main Author: William J. Miller) [...]...
46. Environmental Pollution Land and Air Pollution and Related Issues In relation to the international law practice and land and air pollution and related issues in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Environment and Other Transnational Scientific Issues About this subject:Sustainable [...]...
47. Customs Violations In the United States For information about Customs violations in the context of international trade, click here...
48. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 22 Contents United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s United ... Read more...
49. Sea High Seas The high seas are governed by several fundamental principles. First, no State may purport to assert sovereignty over any part of the high seas. Second, all States have the right to exercise the freedoms of the seas, including freedoms of navigation, freedom of overflight, freedom to [...]...
50. Right to Fly Flag Embracing mainstream international law, this section on right to fly flag explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "flag, right to fly" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
51. U.N. Flag Embracing mainstream international law, this section on u.n. flag explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "flag, u.n." in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
52. Filing Company An insurance company that issues a front policy, i.e., issues a policy but retains little or none of the risk exposure, reinsuring it with another carrier.......
53. Environmental Trade Measures Environmental Trade Measures and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Environmental Trade Measures: Trade measures applied by importing or exporting countries in conjunction [...]...
54. Foreign Flag Violation of a Foreign Flag: International Incident In the book "International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes", in relation to terminox, L. Oppenheim wrote in 1909: A political criminal, imprisoned in Port-au-Prince, in Hayti, escapes from the prison and makes for [...]...
55. National Flag Carrier A common car RIER (read this and related legal terms for further details)-usually a steamship line or an airline- that bears its country's flag and is viewed in the trading community as representing the commercial in......
56. Protection & Preservation of the Marine Environment 6 Contents Protection & Preservation of the Marine Environment ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries ... Read more...
57. Second Flag Carriage The shipment of goods aboard a vessel that flies the flag of the importing country.......
58. Third-Flag Carriage The shipment of goods aboard a vessel that flies the flag of neither the exporting nor the importing country.......
59. Abuse of Flag Embracing mainstream international law, this section on abuse of flag explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "flag, abuse of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
60. Export Violations Export Violations and the Laws of International Trade Export violations; evidence of violations Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Post-closing discovery of an export violation If an export violation is discovered Ongoing violations Cessation of illegal activity [...]...
61. Offshore Finance Company Synonymous with Foreign Base Finance Company (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
62. Environmental Policy Literature Review on Environmental Policy in Brazil In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Rebecca Neaera Abers offers the following summary about the topic of Environmentalism and Environmental Policy in Brazil: This entry argues that since the origin of [...]...
63. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 20 Contents United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s United ... Read more...
64. Environmental Dumping Environmental Dumping and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Environmental Dumping: Refers to an unfair trade practice whereby an exporter achieves a cost advantage over its [...]...
65. Sister Company Sister Company in International Trade Meaning of Sister Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sister company is a company with close affiliations to another company with a separate name and personnel. Both companies are owned by the same parent and [...]...
66. Subpart F A provision of the Internal Revenue Code (Sections 951-64) that imposes U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of "controlled foreign corporations." Subpart F was incorporated into the Code by the Revenue Act of 1962; prior to that time, earnings by foreign subsidiaries of U.S. fi......
67. Affiliate Company Definition of Affiliate Company in International Trade The following is a concept of Affiliate Company in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A Company that is less than 50% owned by a parent company; the parents acts as [...]...
68. Foreign Base Finance Company It was a financing operation organized abroad (usually in a tax haven) that had as its main purpose the arranging of loans abroad in Eurocurrencies, almost always on behalf of its parent or affiliates.......
69. State-Controlled Trading Company An instrumentality of a foreign government charged with the exclusive importation or exportation of a specific group of products. Such entities are most common in communist or centrally planned economies.......
70. Global Warming Global Warming as an U.S. State Statute Topic This term is one of the topics in some U.S. State Statutes. Other topics of the World Encyclopedia of Law which are topics of some State Statures are: Licensed Public Accountants (State statute topic) Guardians Ad Litem (State statute topic) [...]...
71. White Flag The Use of the White Flag: International Incident In the book "International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes", in relation to terminox, L. Oppenheim wrote in 1909: During war between states A and B, an outlying fort of a harbour of state A is being bombarded by the [...]...
72. International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-Operation, 1990 ContentsInternational Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-Operation, 1990ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these ... Read more...
73. Exempted Company A company exempted from income taxes of the jurisdiction in which it is organized in return for a stipulation by the company that it will not trade in that country.......
74. Foreign Spanish Translation of foreignThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to foreign and / or a definition of this topic: Extranjero (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
75. Export Trading Company Export Trading Company and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export Trading Company: (Also known as an export management company.) A private firm that provides related-related services to other [...]...
76. Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System Process and Production Methods (PPMs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Process and Production Methods (PPMs): In the context of environmental trade measures, refers to [...]...
77. Holding Company Holding Company in International Trade Meaning of Holding Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Holding companies are corporations that are created for the sole purpose of obtaining and managing a controlling interest in other companies. There are [...]...
78. Protection & Preservation of the Marine Environment 3 Contents Protection & Preservation of the Marine Environment ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries ... Read more...
79. Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter ContentsConvention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other MatterConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s ... Read more...
80. Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act A 1982 act of Congress, constituting Title IV of the export trading company act (read this and related legal terms for further details), which amends the Sherman Act and Federal Trade Commission Act to clarify their inap......
81. Headquarters Company A company organized in a foreign country for the purpose of providing administrative support to affiliate companies. It does not normally take title to products or provide financing.......
82. Oil Union Oil Company of California (UNOCAL) Note: there is more information on the Asian/Chinese legal Encyclopedia. Notion of of Union Oil Company of California (UNOCAL): A major petroleum explorer and marketer until 2005 when, after a failed offer by the Chinese National Offshore Oil [...]...
83. Trade Promotion Agreements U.S.-colombia Trade Promotion Agreement in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to U.s.-colombia Trade Promotion Agreement: (1) Environmental Cooperation Agreement On April 19, 2013, the United States and Colombia signed the U.S.-Colombia Environmental Cooperation [...]...
84. Jurisdiction Follows the Flag Embracing mainstream international law, this section on jurisdiction follows the flag explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "jurisdiction follows the flag" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
85. Maritime Flag Embracing mainstream international law, this section on maritime flag explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "maritime flag" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
86. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 19 Contents United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s United ... Read more...
87. Environmental Protection Communities of all sizes, from townships to the national government, establish laws that govern how individuals acting within the community are to conduct themselves. The environment is arguably one of the newest considerations to be decided by and incorporated into the body of the law. The [...]...
88. Foreign Trade Control Law In the United States For information about Foreign Trade Control Law in the context of international trade, click here...
89. Subsidiary Subsidiary or Subordinate Election Management Body in Election Law An Election Management Body (EMB) that is not the primary or principal entity responsible for the organisation of elections within a given state. It may be regional or local. Subsidiary in International Trade Meaning of [...]...
90. Foreign Policy COREU (CORespondance EUropéenne) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of COREU (CORespondance EUropéenne) provided by the European Union Commission: Coreu is an EU communication network between the Member States and the Commission for cooperation in the fields of [...]...
91. Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS): A US government inter-agency [...]...
92. Flora and Fauna – Biodiversity conventions ContentsFlora and Fauna – Biodiversity international conventionsFlora and Fauna – Biodiversity multilateral conventionsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and ... Read more...
93. Fire Resources See Also International Environmental Law Environmental Law Violations Pollution Environmental Law Environmental Policy Disaster...
94. Florida Agency Databases Florida State Agency Databases This is an annotated list of databases produced by Florida State Agencies listed by producing agency. ... Read more...
95. Federal environmental and wildlife protection acts ContentsUS Federal environmental and wildlife protection actsSome environmental protection acts:ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these ... Read more...
96. Florida Legislative Journals ContentsFlorida Legislative JournalsUses of JournalsLimitationsand Recordings of Legislative ProceedingsOther limitationsLegislative Bill Information: PublicationsOffice of Economic and Demographic ResearchConclusionNotesSee AlsoAbout the ... Read more...
97. Florida Statutes Florida Statutes Note: Whenever possible, contributors to this Wiki Encyclopedia of Law should cite to the official Codification of any ... Read more...
98. Florida: Abbreviations for law journals ContentsAbbreviations for Law Journals published by law schools located in FloridaConclusionNotesSee AlsoAbout the Author/s and Rewiever/sReferences and Further ReadingAbout the ... Read more...
99. Florida: Legislative Committees abbreviations ContentsFlorida: Legislative Committees abbreviationsAbbreviations: Past and Present Legislative CommitteesSenate CommitteeAbbreviationHouse Committee/Council AbbreviationConclusionNotesSee AlsoAbout the Author/s and Rewiever/sReferences and Further ReadingAbout ... Read more...
100. Florida Agencies abbreviations Florida Agencies Commissions, and Task Forces abbreviations   ContentsAbbreviations: Past and Present State Agencies, Commissions, andTask ForcesAgency CitationAbbreviationConclusionNotesSee AlsoAbout the ... Read more...
101. Flatow v. The Islamic Republic of Iran ContentsFlatow v. The Islamic Republic of IranBackgroundDiscussionConclusionSee AlsoNotesReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Flatow v. ... Read more...
102. Flag Summary of Flag The country of registration of a vessel or aircraft. Read the listing of flag abbreviations, by country or by abbreviation.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Spanish Translation of pavilion and flag This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to [...]...
103. Flag Discrimination Actions taken by a government to favor or discourage movement of cargoes aboard vessels flying certain flags; for example, a nation may require that certain cargoes or percentages of overall cargo tonnage move aboard its own vessels.......
104. Flagging Out The act of transferring a vessel's registry to a lower-cost jurisdiction.......
105. Flash A feeder-LASH (lighter aboard ship, q.v.) system used in Malaysia and Indonesia in which a LASH barge is positioned on top of a semisubmersible barge; the barge is pumped out, and the LASH barge towed to the pier or wharf for loading.......
106. Flexible Tariff Special Drawing Ria customs tariff in which rates of duty can be raised or lowered by administrative action. In the United States the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934 and other legislation have authorized the President to adjust duty rates downward in response to concessions from other nation......
107. Flight From The Dollar The large-scale divestiture of dollars and dollar-denominated securities by speculators and capital markets in 1970- 1971 in anticipation of a dollar devaluation. Pessimism concerning the dollar arose in response to growing balance of trade deficits and capital outflows attributable to low U.S. inte......
108. Flight Of Capital A significant movement of capital, usually in liquid form, from one jurisdiction to another. This capital movement usually occurs in response to troubled economic or political conditions that might result in confiscation, excessive taxation, or loss in value. However, this term may be applied as wel......
109. Floating Supply Commodities and securities held outside the normal channels of consumption or investment solely for speculative purposes.......
110. Floor In the case of a variable rate loan (read this and related legal terms for further details), a prearranged minimum rate of interest that will be imposed, irrespective of how low the money market index falls.......
111. Flags Introduction to Flags Flag, light pieces of cloth, usually rectangular in shape, but varying in size, color, and design, and intended for use as an emblem or as a kind of signaling device. Flags are most commonly displayed hanging free from a staff, pole, or rope, to which they are attached [...]...
112. Flotsam Jetsam and Lagan Introduction to Flotsam Jetsam and LaganFlotsam, Jetsam, and Lagan, goods cast from ships at sea, usually in the event of shipwreck or while trying to prevent shipwreck. Flotsam is debris or cargo found floating. Jetsam is anything thrown overboard to lighten a sinking vessel. Lagan is carg......
113. Flexible Spending Account Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Flexible Spending Account) ...
114. Flagrante Delicto Definition of Flagrante DelictoIn accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Flagrante Delicto : (Latin) In the commission of an offence. Certain types of *arrest can only be made when a person is in the act of committing an offence (See arrestable offence). The [...]...
115. Damage Product Damage in the Convention on Law Applicable to Products Liability Article 1 This is the basic article concerned with the scope, or field of application, of the Convention. It provides that, subject to one exception, the Convention shall determine 'the law applicable to the liability [...]...
116. Flag Carrier Flag Carrier in International Trade Meaning of Flag Carrier, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A vessel registered under the flag of a particular country. Some counties support their merchant marine industry by limiting certain types of cargo to vessel [...]...
117. Flagship Store Flagship Store in International Trade Meaning of Flagship Store, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In retail business the designation of flagship is given to a retailer's primary location, a store in a prominent location, a chain's largest store, [...]...
118. Floating Currency Floating Currency in International Trade Meaning of Floating Currency, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): One whose value in terms of foreign currency is not kept stable (on the basis of the par value or a fixed relationship to some other currency) but [...]...
119. Floating Exchange Rate Floating Exchange Rate in International Trade Meaning of Floating Exchange Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A rate of exchange that is determined by market forces. See also clean float and dirty float. Concept of Floating Exchange Rate An [...]...
120. Flyers Distribution of Flyers in Election Law Handing out of political pamphlets. During an election campaign, pamphlets or papers known as flyers containing information on a candidate and his or her political programme may be distributed door-to-door or in busy public places. Resources See Also [...]...