Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Bilateral Investment Treaties ContentsBilateral Investment Treaties Bilateral Investment Treaties resources ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Bilateral ... Read more...
2. List of international arbitration topics ContentsList of international arbitration topicsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries List of international arbitration ... Read more...
3. List of international trade topics ContentsList of international trade topicsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries List of international trade ... Read more...
4. Arbitration Organizations worldwide ContentsArbitration Organizations worldwideArbitration Organizations worldwide: web resourcesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Arbitration Organizations ... Read more...
5. Investment Treaty Cases: U.S.as respondent State ContentsInvestment Treaty Cases: United States as respondent StateInvestment Treaty Cases: U.S.as respondent State:ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and ... Read more...
6. Rules Relating to Investment This section provides an overview of rules relating to investment within the legal context of Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in international economic law, with coverage of Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources [...]...
7. Bilateral Investment Treaties by countries Contents Bilateral Investment Treaties by countriesBilateral Investment Treaties ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries ... Read more...
8. US Customs Service US Customs Service in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of US Customs Service: An agency within the US Department of the Treasury charged with enforcement of the tariff acts and other laws relating [...]...
9. Icc International Court of Arbitration Icc International Court of Arbitration International Court of Arbitration in International Trade Meaning of ICC (International Court of Arbitration), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The ICC International Court of Arbitration was created in 1923 as the [...]...
10. Ad Hoc Investment Arbitration Ad hoc Investment Arbitration This section provides an overview of ad hoc investment arbitration within the legal context of Investment Arbitration Fora in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading Ucheora Onwuamaegbu, [...]...
11. Rules for Foreign Direct Investment at the Wto Rules for Foreign Direct Investment at the WTO: Building on Regional Trade Agreements and the World Trade Organization Rules for Foreign Direct Investment at the WTO: Building on Regional Trade Agreements in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues....
12. Arbitral Institutions ContentsArbitral InstitutionsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Arbitral Institutions American Arbitration Association (AAA) Arbitration ... Read more...
13. List of International Business Law Landmark Cases ContentsList of International Business Law Landmark Court CasesIntroduction to International and Comparative Law CasesState Responsibility and International Environmental Regulation CasesInternational ... Read more...
14. Bilateral Investment Treaty Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT): An agreement between two countries providing for nondiscriminatory [...]...
15. Import Law In the United States For information about Import Law in the context of international trade, click here...
16. Arbitration resources ContentsArbitration resourcesArbitration books by year:Arbitration journalsArbitration ConventionsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Arbitration resources ... Read more...
17. Transaction Value The primary method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
18. Rules Relating to Intellectual Property This section provides an overview of rules relating to intellectual property within the legal context of Impact of Domestic Regulation on Trade in Goods, Services and on Investment in international economic law, with coverage of Domestic Regulation (Behind the Borders) (Main Regulatory Areas)....
19. International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes Summary of International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes An international agency affiliated with the World Bank and serving as a forum for the resolution of international investment disputes. The center was established [...]...
20. Southern African Customs Union Southern African Customs Union (SACU) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Southern African Customs Union (SACU): A customs union including Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and [...]...
21. United States Customs Service An agency within the U.S. Department of the Treasury charged with the enforcement of the tariff acts and other laws relating to the importation of goods.The Customs Service was established by Congress in 1789. Among its duties are assessment and collection of duties, excises, and penalti......
22. Competition Law Anti-Dumping and Competition Law and the World Trade Organization Anti-Dumping and Competition Law in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. Competition Law in a Global Context Contents of Competition Law in a Global Context Contents of this subject matter [...]...
23. Country of Origin For customs tariff purposes, the country in which an imported product was manufactured, grown, or produced. When goods pass through more than one country in the process of manufacture, the country of origin does not change unless the product has been transformed substantially; minor [...]...
24. Merchandise In the United States For information about Merchandise in the context of international trade, click here...
25. Certificate of Origin A document presented to customs authorities at the time of importation to authenticate the national origin of merchandise. The certificate is customarily issued by a recognized chamber of commerce or governmental authority in the country of origin.......
26. Customs Legal Issues Customs were the original form of international commercial law. As we have seen in the history of lex mercatoria, the customs existed before any statute of commercial law was made and were often the basis for legislation.(1) Customs in International Trade Meaning of Customs, [...]...
27. Customs Law ......
28. Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS): A US government inter-agency [...]...
29. Court of International Trade Proceedings In the United States For information about Court of international trade proceedings in the context of international trade, click here...
30. Rules on Safeguard Measures This section provides an overview of rules on safeguard measures within the legal context of Trade Remedies and Countervailing Duties in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Fernando Piérola and Nathalie Diaz, "Rules on Safeguard Measures," [...]...
31. Investment Policy Advisory Committee Investment Policy Advisory Committee (INPAC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Investment Policy Advisory Committee (INPAC): A policy-level committee that forms part of the private sector [...]...
32. Customs Trade Regulations Law of Similars and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Law of Similars: Regulations limiting importation of a product or altering its tariff treatment if a "similar" [...]...
33. Customs Administration In the United States For information about Customs Administration in the context of international trade, click here...
34. Customs Brokers In the United States For information about Customs brokers in the context of international trade, click here...
35. Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Customs clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
36. Customs Law Definition In the United States For information about Customs Law Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
37. Customs Law Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs Law enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
38. Customs Law Procedures In the United States For information about Customs Law Procedures in the context of international trade, click here...
39. Customs Meaning In the United States For information about Customs Meaning in the context of international trade, click here...
40. Caribbean Basin Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI): A non-reciprocal preferential arrangement established by the United [...]...
41. Venture Capital Venture Capital Definition Venture Capital may be defined as money or capital provided for new business ventures by investors other than the original proprietor. The term is sometimes also used for capital provided to rescue or turn around a company. Venture capitalists—that is, [...]...
42. Civil Enforcement In the United States For information about Civil enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
43. Commercial Environment In the United States For information about Commercial Environment in the context of international trade, click here...
44. Compliance Publications In the United States For information about Compliance publications in the context of international trade, click here...
45. Trade and Investment Council Trade and Investment Council in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Trade and Investment Council: A forum for bilateral consultations between the United States and various countries which have [...]...
46. Trade-Related Investment Measures Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs): Designation for a Uruguay Round "' [...]...
47. Lumber In the United States For information about Lumber in the context of international trade, click here...
48. Tariff (Customs) A document issued by a nation's customs authority principally for the purpose of specifying rates of duty to be applied on various imported products. A tariff customarily also includes quantitative restrictions (quotas) upon certain imports, preferential duties on products imported from specifie......
49. Importer In the United States For information about Importer in the context of international trade, click here...
50. Unfair Trade Remedies In the United States For information about Unfair trade remedies in the context of international trade, click here...
51. Customs Bulletin In the United States For information about Customs Bulletin in the context of international trade, click here...
52. Customs Definition In the United States For information about Customs Definition in the context of international trade, click here...
53. Customs Regulations In the United States For information about Customs Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
54. Rules of Origin Rules of Origin and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Rules of Origin: The laws, regulations, and administrative practices that are applied to ascribe acountry of origin to [...]...
55. Customs Border Protection In the United States For information about Customs Border Protection in the context of international trade, click here...
56. Customs Compliance In the United States For information about Customs Compliance in the context of international trade, click here...
57. Customs Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
58. Customs Tariff In the United States For information about Customs Tariff in the context of international trade, click here...
59. Customs Tariff Code In the United States For information about Customs Tariff Code in the context of international trade, click here...
60. Customs Border Protection Enforcement In the United States For information about Customs Border Protection Enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
61. Customs Value Customs Value and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Value: A method of valuing imported goods which excludes shipping costs from the final price....
62. Customs Cooperation Council An international organization established for the purpose of harmonizing the customs procedures and techniques of member countries. The agency is concerned with the mechanics of customs administration and is not involved in matters relating to tariff levels or similar substantive economic [...]...
63. Customs Territory The geographical area of a country, its possessions, and surrounding waters within which the customs authority is empowered to impose duties and controls upon foreign merchandise entering therein. The customs territory need not necessarily incorporate all the territory over which a nation [...]...
64. Customs Union Summary of Customs Union An arrangement among participating countries whereby tariffs are eliminated or virtually eliminated on products moving between members, and a common external tariff (read this and related legal terms for further details) is adopted to provide uniform treatment to [...]...
65. Customs Valuation For importers, the process of estimating the value of a product at customs presents problems that can be just as serious as the actual duty rate charged. The WTO agreement on customs valuation aims for a fair, uniform and neutral system for the valuation of goods for customs purposes — a system that conforms to commercial realities, and which outlaws the use of arbitrary or fictitious customs values. The Committee...
66. Customs Valuation Code A uniform system for valuing imports for the application of customs duties. The agreement is a product of the Tokyo Round of multilateral trade negotiations. It provides for five methods of valuing imported merchandise. Transaction value is the price actually paid or payable for the goods, with [...]...
67. Customs Procedures Customs and Administrative Entry Procedures and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs and Administrative Entry Procedures: Formalities applying to customs clearance of [...]...
68. Customs Harmonization Customs Harmonization and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Harmonization: Intemational efforts to increase the uniformity of customs procedures such as valuation, [...]...
69. Customs Classification Customs Classification and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Customs Classification: The determination of the appropriate category in which a traded product is classified for [...]...
70. Customs Violations In the United States For information about Customs violations in the context of international trade, click here...
71. World Customs Organization World Customs Organization World Customs Organization...
72. Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral ContentsProperty Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the CathedralConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in ... Read more...
73. Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral 3 ContentsProperty Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the CathedralConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Property ... Read more...
74. Marking Rules Packaging, Labeling, and Marking Regulations and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Packaging, Labeling, and Marking Regulations: National requirements that importers must [...]...
75. Customs Conventions ContentsCustoms ConventionsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Customs Conventions Convention on Temporary Admission 26.6.1990 ... Read more...
76. Customs Enforcement Area An area not to extend more than fifty miles seaward, beyond the CUSTOMS WATERS (read this and related legal terms for further details). Within this zone customs officers are authorized to enforce U.S. laws if the preside......
77. Customs Invoice Read Invoice as cross-reference.......
78. Customs Of The Port Local usages and practices relative to the handling or discharge of cargo, or the treatment of documents relating thereto. When ambiguities exist in contracts covering the handling of cargo or cargo-related documents, a court or other competent body may apply the customs of the port in interpreting ......
79. Customs Rate The rate of exchange employed by U.S. Customs in converting foreign currency invoices for the purpose of arriving at a value, in U.S. dollars, for imported merchandise. Ad valorem duties are applied on the dollar value. In accordance with the Customs Simplification Act of 1956, the secretary of the......
80. Customs Transit The condition of merchandise that is transiting the customs territory of a nation without having been released from customs jurisdiction. Goods in customs transit are processed under an in transit entry at the time they enter the United States; the in transit, or I.T., entry is effected by filing wi......
81. Customs Duty Spanish Translation of exemption from customs dutyThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to exemption from customs duty and / or a definition of this topic: Franquicia Aduanera (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
82. Customs Territory of the Community Customs territory of the Community and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Customs territory of the Community provided by the European Union Commission: The customs territory of the Community comprises of • Austria, • Belgium, • Denmark, except [...]...
83. Customs Official A Masterful Customs Official: International Incident In the book "International Incidents for Discussion in Conversation Classes", in relation to terminox, L. Oppenheim wrote in 1909: On Dec. 24th, 1907, the following appeared in the morning papers, dated Winnipeg, Dec. 23rd: [...]...
84. Customs Zone Embracing mainstream international law, this section on customs zone explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "customs zone" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
85. Customs Unions Impact of Free Trade Agreements and Customs Unions This section provides an overview of impact of free trade agreements and customs unions within the legal context of Market Access (Customs Regulation) in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas)....
86. Customs Regulation Market Access: Customs Regulation in International Economic Law In international economic law, market access: customs regulation includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Harmonised System and Schedules of Concession Modes of Multilateral Tariff [...]...
87. Customs House Resources See Also Custom-house Customs Service...
88. Customs Duties Resources See Also Customs Tariff...
89. Customs Officer Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Tariff Policy...
90. Central African Customs and Economic Union Central African Customs And Economic Union Central African Customs and Economic Union Outline The Central African Customs and Economic Union (CACEU or UDEAC: Union Douanier et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale) The union came into existence in 1966 pursuant to a treaty signed in 1964 by [...]...
91. Czech-Slovak Customs Union Czech-Slovak Customs Union in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Czech-Slovak Customs Union: A customs union linking the Czech Republic and Slovakia, intended to preserve trade relations between [...]...
92. Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral 2 Contents Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral incompetent. This article will explore two primary questions: ... Read more...
93. Court Rules Court Rules Worldwide International Trade / Internet Rules Court of International Trade ICANN: Domain Name Dispute Resolution Rules United States International Trade Commission Patent Law Rules European Patent Convention Patent: Gulf Co-operation Council Patent: OAPI (African IP Union) [...]...
94. Citation Rules General Rules of Legal Citation Typeface There is more information about this subjet related to the field of legal research in the legal encyclopedia.Italics and Underscores There is more information about this subjet related to the field of legal research in the legal encyclopedia.Citation [...]...
95. Rules of Conduct Market Conduct and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Market Conduct: In a particular industry or market, refers to practices which, individually or in combination, shape the market performance [...]...
96. Rules of Preference In the United States For information about Rules of preference in the context of international trade, click here...
97. Civil Rules Resources See Also Federal Rules of Civil Procedure...
98. Customs Entry Read Entry (Customs) as cross-reference.......
99. Customs Waters That portion of the high seas, not to exceed twelve miles from shore, within which law enforcement personnel of the United States are authorized to board foreign craft to enforce American laws. In those cases where a treaty between the United States and another state authorizes boarding in an area o......
100. Common Customs Tariff Common Customs Tariff and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common Customs Tariff provided by the European Union Commission: The common foreign and security policy (CFSP) was established and is governed by Title V of the Treaty on European Union (EU). It replaced European [...]...
101. Export Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Export Customs Clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
102. Customs Area Customs Area in International Trade Meaning of Customs Area, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A geographic area, usually identical to one or several contiguous national political jurisdictions, applying a particular tariff schedule on goods entering or [...]...
103. Customs Bonded Warehouse Customs Bonded Warehouse in International Trade Meaning of Customs Bonded Warehouse, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A government warehouse where goods remain until duty has been collected from the importer....
104. Customs Broker Customs Broker in International Trade Meaning of Customs Broker, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Licensed agent or broker (licensing may not be required in all countries) whose function is to handle the process of clearing goods through customs for importers....
105. Criminal Procedure Rules Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of criminal procedure rules, with a description of the most significant features of criminal procedure rules at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Interrogation Techniques [...]...
106. Civil Procedure Rules Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of civil procedure rules, with a description of the most significant features of civil procedure rules at international level. Related Work and Conclusions Resources See Also References (Papers) Mandating Rule 11 Sanctions? [...]...
107. Customs Service Resources See Also Bureau of Customs Custom-house...
108. Customs Policy Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Tariff Policy...
109. Investment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rules ContentsInvestment Treaty Cases: SCC arbitration rulesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Investment Treaty Cases: ... Read more...
110. Investment Treaty Cases: arbitration rules ContentsInvestment Treaty Cases: arbitration rulesInvestment Treaty Cases: arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID Additional Facility arbitration rules Investment Treaty Cases: ... Read more...
111. Convention (II) with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land ContentsConvention (II) with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on LandConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and ... Read more...
112. Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land ContentsConvention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on LandConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Convention ... Read more...
113. Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land 2 ContentsConvention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on LandConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Convention ... Read more...
114. Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land 3 ContentsConvention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on LandConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Convention ... Read more...
115. Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land 4 ContentsConvention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on LandConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Convention ... Read more...
116. Colombia-Venezuela Customs Union Colombia-Venezuela Customs Union in International Trade Resources See Also Andean Pact....
117. Rules-Oriented Trade Policy Rules-Oriented Trade Policy and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Rules-Oriented Trade Policy: An idealized approach to trade policy under which governments establish a set of rules for the [...]...
118. Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E ContentsInvestment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-EConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Investment Treaty ... Read more...
119. Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules F-Q Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules F-Q See: Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules A-E Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration ... Read more...
120. Investment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules R-Z ContentsInvestment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules R-ZInvestment Treaty Cases: ICSID arbitration rules R-Z:ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and ... Read more...