This label focuses on international trade law to include general treaties of international law, such as the GATT, WTO, and related agreements relevant to the trade community; specific trade laws, case histories; and dispute settlement procedures. This label covers the nature and structure of international rights and obligations in the field of international trade and investment, the relationship between domestic (municipal) law and international rules and obligations, the nature and structure of international trade agreements, and the main contours of substantive obligations in the trade and investment field.
International Trade Centre Outline The ITC is a governmental body operating under the joint auspices of GATT and UNCTAD. It initially came into existence in 1964 as an organization supported by GATT and came under the joint auspices of GATT and UNCTAD in 1968. Its main function is to promote…
International Political Economy Trends: International Trade Introduction to International Trade In the 21st century, international trade has grown to 20 percent of the world's total production of goods and services-around $6.5 trillion per year. This volume of trade is almost seven times […]
A document presented to customs authorities at the time of importation to authenticate the national origin of merchandise. The certificate is customarily issued by a recognized chamber of commerce or governmental authority in the country of origin….
Summary of Delivery
The act whereby the owner of a vessel gives operational control over to the charterer.
(Main Author: William J. Miller)
In the United States For information about Delivery in the context of international trade, click here Delivery in International Trade Meaning […]
In the United States For information about Liquidation in the context of international trade, click here
Credit granted by nonfinancial firms, usually in the form of short-term deferral of payment of invoices by customers, e.g., account open sales. Also, trade credit represents the purchase of a firm's accounts receivable or trade acceptances….
In the United States For information about Customs Regulations in the context of international trade, click here
Legal Issues Customs were the original form of international commercial law. As we have seen in the history of lex mercatoria, the customs existed before any statute of commercial law was made and were often the basis for legislation.(1) Customs in International Trade Meaning of Customs, […]
Outline Following an introductory overview of the principles and structure of international trade law, this entry concentrates on the substantive obligations in the agreements that form part of the World Trade Organization Agreement, including tariff and customs?related matters, […]
In the United States For information about Invoicing in the context of international trade, click here
Summary of Free Trade Area
An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow […]
Summary of Terms of Trade An export-import price ratio derived by dividing indices of export prices by indices of import prices. For example, when export indices are 105 percent of a base period, and import indices are 98 percent of the same base period, then the terms of trade […]
Rules of Origin and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Rules of Origin: The laws, regulations, and administrative practices that are applied to ascribe acountry of origin to […]
United Nations Commission On International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Outline The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law was set up in 1966 by the General Assembly of the United Nations to deal with conflicts of national laws […]
Introduction Free Trade, interchange of commodities across political frontiers without restrictions such as tariffs, quotas, or foreign exchange controls. This economic policy contrasts with protectionist policies that use such restrictions to protect or stimulate domestic industries. See […]
United Nations Conference On Trade And Development (UNCTAD) Introduction to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, permanent arm of the United Nations General Assembly. The conference, established in December 1964, followed […]
Import Restrictions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Import Restrictions: Measures to limit or control the volume of imports by means of tariffs ornontariff barriers […]
In the United States For information about Free Trade Agreements in the context of international trade, click here United States-Singapore free trade agreement The United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement has been in force since January 1, 2004. U.S. two way goods trade totaled $37 […]
Preferences and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Preferences: Special trade advantages granted by an importing country to certain trading partners, in contrast to […]
Commercial Treaties: Trade Agreements In addition to formal agreements between modern states having important economic ties with each other, less formal and durable agreements relate to such matters as tariff rates, navigation dues, customs formalities, air-transport clearance arrangements, […]
International Chamber Of Commerce International Chamber of Commerce Outline The ICC was established in 1919 as a non-governmental organization. Its main purposes are to facilitate international trade and commerce, serve the needs of the international business community (for example, in 1989 […]
In the United States For information about Liquidated damages in the context of international trade, click here Liquidated Damages in International Trade Meaning of Liquidated Damages, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sum of money that a contracting […]
International Trade Organization (ITO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Trade Organization (ITO): (Not to be confused with Multilateral Trade "Organization, Sec. I). An […]
In the United States For information about Preferential treatment in the context of international trade, click here Embracing mainstream international law, this section on preferential treatment explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further […]
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) GATT was a series of multi-lateral treaties — and an organization of the same name — designed to regulate trade between the member nations. Definition of General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, […]
Summary of Trade Barrier
Constraints upon the exchange of goods among nations imposed by governments; such constraints are manifested in the form of tariffs, quotas, exchange controls, and a variety of so-called nontariff barriers. Barriers usually arise to protect domestic industries, […]
Flow of Goods and Services In this global economy, the flow of goods and services across borders, otherwise known as trade, is a critical factor to the health and growth of a country’s economy. Yet many developing countries struggle with legal, institutional, and operational constraints that […]
The Legal History of Search and Seizure This section provides an overview of Search and Seizure Search and Seizure Explained References See Also Criminal Law (in international or comparative law) Criminal Procedure (in international or comparative law) Resources See Also Criminal Law […]
Unlike GATT, the WTO is a permanent body but not a specialized agency of the United Nations. Introduction to World Trade Organization World Trade Organization (WTO), international body that promotes and enforces the provisions of trade laws and regulations. The World Trade Organization has […]
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) On January 1, 1994 the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) established a single trade zone. North American Free Trade Agreement Resources There is a great deal of research material available on this subject. The difficulty is not in […]
In the United States For information about Tariff classification in the context of international trade, click here
In the United States For information about Manufacturing in the context of international trade, click here Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law Resources See Also Further Reading Information about Manufacturing in the Encyclopedia of […]
In the United States For information about Exclusions in the context of international trade, click here
International Tax Documents Model Tax Treaties, etc. OECD Model Tax Convention 2014 List of OECD Member Countries, and of Non-member … Read more
Summary of European Free Trade Association
A free trade area consisting of seven European countries among which tariffs and quantitative restrictions on industrial imports have been eliminated. Established in 1960 by the Stockholm Convention, EFTA originally included Austria, Denmark, […]
A tax imposed by governmental authority on goods imported. The amount of the duty imposed on any given article is prescribed in the nation's […]
Dictionary of International Trade Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator) Contents The Dictionary of International Trade of Global Negotiator include, … Read more
In the United States For information about Importer in the context of international trade, click here
An excess of exports over imports during a given period of time (usually a year) as measured in units of currency….
In the United States For information about Customs clearance in the context of international trade, click here
In the United States For information about Customs Law Definition in the context of international trade, click here
In the United States For information about Customs brokers in the context of international trade, click here
Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI): A non-reciprocal preferential arrangement established by the United […]
In the United States For information about Merchandise in the context of international trade, click here
Law of Similars and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Law of Similars: Regulations limiting importation of a product or altering its tariff treatment if a "similar" […]
In the United States For information about Duty-free in the context of international trade, click here
In the United States For information about Informed Compliance in the context of international trade, click here
Trade Zones and the Laws of International Trade Foreign Trade Zones Customs Trade Law
In the United States For information about Harbor maintenance taxes in the context of international trade, click here
In the United States For information about Customs Law enforcement in the context of international trade, click here