Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Export Companies In the United States For information about Export Companies in the context of international trade, click here...
2. Export Trading Company Export Trading Company and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export Trading Company: (Also known as an export management company.) A private firm that provides related-related services to other [...]...
3. Bank Export Services In the United States For information about Bank Export Services in the context of international trade, click here...
4. Export Entry Modes Export Entry Modes in International Trade Meaning of Export Entry Modes, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In establishing export channels a company has to decide which functions will be the responsibility of external agents and which will be handled by [...]...
5. Deemed Export In the United States For information about Deemed Export in the context of international trade, click here...
6. Export Clearance In the United States For information about Export clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
7. Export Trade Certificates In the United States For information about Export trade certificates in the context of international trade, click here...
8. Export In the United States For information about Export in the context of international trade, click here Export in International Trade Meaning of Export, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): To ship an item away from a country for sale to another country. [...]...
9. Trade in Services Agreement The Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA) This section provides an overview of the trade in services agreement (tisa) within the legal context of Preferential Trade in Services Agreements in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory [...]...
10. Export Administration In the United States For information about Export Administration in the context of international trade, click here...
11. Export Cartels In the United States For information about Export cartels in the context of international trade, click here...
12. Export Control System In the United States For information about Export Control System in the context of international trade, click here...
13. Export Controls Export Controls and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Controls: Regulations or restrictions applied to exports by the government of the exporting country to limit [...]...
14. Export Documentation In the United States For information about Export Documentation in the context of international trade, click here...
15. Export Regulations In the United States For information about Export Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
16. Export Licenses In the United States For information about Export Licenses in the context of international trade, click here...
17. Prohibited Services In the United States For information about Prohibited services in the context of international trade, click here...
18. Defense Export Control In the United States For information about Defense Export Control in the context of international trade, click here...
19. Export Compliance Programs In the United States For information about Export Compliance programs in the context of international trade, click here...
20. Export Due Diligence In the United States For information about Export due diligence in the context of international trade, click here...
21. Export Trading In the United States For information about Export Trading in the context of international trade, click here...
22. Export Control Compliance Export Control Compliance and the Laws of International Trade Management corporate policy statement Export Control Internal Compliance Programs Delegation of authority Product classification Screening denied/restricted parties Weapons proliferation screening Country [...]...
23. Export Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Export Customs Clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
24. Export Procedures In the United States For information about Export Procedures in the context of international trade, click here...
25. Nonproliferation Export Controls In the United States For information about Nonproliferation export controls in the context of international trade, click here...
26. Software Export Controls In the United States For information about Software export controls in the context of international trade, click here...
27. Different Functions in Goods and Services This section provides an overview of different functions in goods and services within the legal context of National Treatment in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services (Principles). Resources Further Reading Nicolas F Diebold, [...]...
28. Export Control Regulations In the United States For information about Export Control Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
29. Export Credits Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees: A subgroup of the OECD Trade .Committee,comprising all OECD [...]...
30. Export Sanctions In the United States For information about Export Sanctions in the context of international trade, click here...
31. National Export Initiative In the United States For information about National Export Initiative in the context of international trade, click here...
32. Development Institutions Development Institutions in International Economic Law In international economic law, development institutions includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> World Bank Group (WBG) Regional Development Banks (IDB) International Trade Center (ITC) [...]...
33. Export Control Enforcement In the United States For information about Export Control Enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
34. Cofinancing An arrangement whereby commercial banks and official lending institutions participate in World Bank financing of development projects in Third World countries. The World Bank acts as lead manager for the loan and provides partial funding from its own resources; commercial banks and official lenders ......
35. Export Subsidies Export Subsidies in International Trade Meaning of Export Subsidies, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Government payments, economic inducements or their financially quantifiable benefits provided to domestic producers or exporters contingent on the export [...]...
36. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ebrd) and Europe There is an entry on european bank for reconstruction and development (ebrd) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Union Resources See Also World Bank Bank [...]...
37. Export Restraints Export Restraints and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Restraints: Also referred to as bilateral restraint agreements. Quantitative restrictions applied by exporting [...]...
38. Export Control Classification Numbers In the United States For information about Export Control Classification Numbers in the context of international trade, click here...
39. Export Laws In the United States For information about Export laws in the context of international trade, click here...
40. Export Manager Export Manager in International Trade Meaning of Export Manager, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An export manager serves as intermediary between foreign buyers and domestic sellers. Unlike trading companies who buy the products before selling directly [...]...
41. Development Finance Development Finance The U.S. Office of Development Finance The Office of Development Finance, part of the The Bureau of Economic ... Read more...
42. Preferential Trade in Services Agreements This section provides an overview of preferential trade in services agreements within the legal context of Preferential Trade in Services Agreements in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas)....
43. Export Business Plan Export Business Plan in International Trade Meaning of Export Business Plan, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The purpose of an export business plan is to prepare companies, specially middle and small to enter the international market place or to better [...]...
44. BIS The Bank for International Settlements, abbreviated as BIS, is the oldest international financial institution and was established on 17 May 1930 in the context of the Young Plan (which dealt with the issue of the reparation payments imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles following the [...]...
45. Export Incentives Export Incentives in International Trade Meaning of Export Incentives, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Assistance provided by governments to enable or assist their suppliers in securing foreign markets. Incentives take may forms. Some, such as assisting [...]...
46. Export Credit Insurance Export Credit Insurance in International Trade Meaning of Export Credit Insurance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Special insurance coverage for exporters to protect against non payment by the importer (coverage may extend to certain other risks, [...]...
47. Regional Development Banks Regional Development Banks (IDB) This section provides an overview of regional development banks (idb) within the legal context of Development Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Suresh Nanwani, "Regional Development Banks [...]...
48. Services Policy Advisory Committee Services Policy Advisory Committee (SPAC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Services Policy Advisory Committee (SPAC): A policy-level committee that forms part of the private sector advisory [...]...
49. Export Duty A tax imposed on exports. This mechanism serves as a source of government revenue and is imposed by some countries on a limited number of products. Export duties are expressly forbidden by the U.S. Constitution.......
50. COCOM (Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls) COCOM (Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of COCOM (Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls): A working group of 16 [...]...
51. Export Earnings Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
52. Export Insurance Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
53. Export Planning Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
54. Export Volume Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
55. Air Transport Services This section provides an overview of air transport services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Antonia Carzaniga, "Air Transport [...]...
56. Environmental Services This section provides an overview of environmental services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Mireille Cossy, "Environmental [...]...
57. European Central Bank European Central Bank (ECB) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of European Central Bank (ECB) provided by the European Union Commission: The European Central Bank was inaugurated on 30 June 1998. On 1 January 1999 it took over responsibility for implementing European monetary [...]...
58. Export-Import Bank Of The United States Commonly known as Eximbank, an independent, self-funding agency of the U.S. government created to facilitate exports of American products. Originally chartered under the laws of the District of Columbia in 1934, Eximbank was rechartered by an act of Congress in 1945. The bank provides short-, medium......
59. Bank Paper A bill of exchange or other negotiable that has been accepted or endorsed by a bank.......
60. Bank Rate The rate at which the Bank of England and the Bank of Canada lend to commercial banks.......
61. Bank For International Settlements Bank For International Settlements Summary of Bank For International Settlements An international bank owned and controlled by the central banks of twenty-four European and five non-European central banks. The BIS was formed at the Hague Conference of 1930 in response to pressures for the [...]...
62. Bank-Post Remittance A settlement of a matured bill of exchange sent by a commercial bank to the foreign maker of the bill. A bank check is the customary form of remittance.......
63. Export-lmport Bank of the United States Export-lmport Bank of the United States (Eximbank) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export-lmport Bank of the United States (Eximbank): A public corporation created by executive order of the [...]...
64. Balance On Goods And Services A component of a nation's BALANCE OF PAYMENTS (read this legal term for further details)......
65. Holocaust Victims of Bank Theft V Magyar Nemzeti Bank Holocaust Victims of Bank Theft v Magyar Nemzeti Bank in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On February 18, 2011, the United States filed a statement of interest in a case in federal district court in [...]...
66. Dismissal of the Claims Against Erste Bank Group Ag and Mkb Bank Dismissal of the Claims Against Erste Bank Group ag and Mkb Bank in This Action Would be in the Foreign Policy Interest of the United States in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Austria is an [...]...
67. Central Bank The principal monetary authority of a nation. In most commercially developed nations the central bank issues the currency and acts as banker for the government and the nation's commercial banks. By setting the rate at which it will lend money to commercial banks, the central bank [...]...
68. Consortium Bank A bank owned by a group of other banks, usually including foreign banks, with no one member of the group controlling more than 50 percent of the outstanding shares.......
69. Correspondent Bank Summary of Correspondent Bank A bank that acts as the representative of another bank in a given transaction. As a rule, correspondents have sums on deposit with each other for the purpose of settling the transactions of the other bank.(Main Author: William J. Miller) [...]...
70. Member Bank A bank that holds membership in the Federal Reserve system. Membership is mandatory for banks with Federal charters. State- chartered banks may join if qualified. Member banks are obliged to subscribe a fixed portion of their capital and surplus to stock of their regional banks, must maintain prescr......
71. Bank Regulations Bank Regulations......
72. Bank Acceptance Bank Acceptance in International Trade Meaning of Bank Acceptance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A draft accepted by a bank usually for the purpose of financing the sale of goods to or by the bank's customer. The bill may be drawn , for example, by [...]...
73. Bank Draft Bank Draft in International Trade Meaning of Bank Draft, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A payment order from a bank, similar to a cashier's cheque. A bank draft is considered cash and cannot be returned unpaid....
74. Bank Guarantee Bank Guarantee in International Trade Meaning of Bank Guarantee, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract between a bank (as guarantor) and a beneficiary, in which a bank commits itself to pay a certain amount of money under certain specified [...]...
75. Bank Account Description of Bank Account In this reference work, bank account is a sort of the Banking category. Resources See Also Banks Banking Banking...
76. Bank Bill Resources See Also Bank (Bank note)...
77. Bank Resources See Also Credit Union Cooperative Collective Resources See Also Banking Banc Resources See Also Teller Resources See Also Pass-book Resources See Also National bank Resources See Also Mutual savings bank Savings and loan association. Compare Commercial bank [...]...
78. Bank Clearings Resources See Also Clearinghouse...
79. Factor Services Payments remitted abroad for the local use of foreign-origin factors of production, e.g., payments sent home by foreign workers or interest paid to foreign lenders.......
80. International Investment Bank A multinational development bank, membership of which is comprised of the Soviet Union and its allies. The bank was formed in 1970 to foster "economic efficiency and intensification" in the member states. The authorized capital of the bank is 1,071,300,000 transferable rubles, of which 374......
81. Islamic Development Bank A multinational development bank formed by Muslim countries to provide economic development assistance to member states, and to foster economic progress in Muslim communities in nonmember states. The financing practices of the bank are conducted in conformity with the principles and laws of Islam. T......
82. Bank Regulations History Bank Regulations History......
83. Bank Holding Companies In the United States For information about bank holding companies in the context of international trade, click here...
84. Bank of International Settlements Bank of International Settlements (BIS) This section provides an overview of bank of international settlements (bis) within the legal context of Monetary Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources Further Reading Pierre Panchaud, "Bank of [...]...
85. Inter-American Development Bank Summary of Inter-American Development Bank A multinational development bank established in 1959 to promote economic and social development in Latin American member countries. The bank is owned by its forty-three member countries, of which twenty-seven are regional, i.e., Western Hemisphere [...]...
86. International Bank For Economic Cooperation A clearinghouse for international settlements among COMECON members established at Moscow in 1963. The object of the bank was to eliminate the need for strict bilateral settlement of trade balances among members by use of accounts in "transferable rubles." The tranferable ruble, however, h......
87. General Agreement on Trade in Services General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) History Geza Feketekuty argued that one "of the major achievements of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations was the negotiation of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the first comprehensive framework for the [...]...
88. Export Bar A bar of pure gold, used principally in settling balances between central banks or other official financial institutions.......
89. Export Value Summary of Export Value The price at which a foreign manufacturer customarily freely offers for sale a given product for export to the United States in the usual wholesale quantities, less export discounts, packing, and costs of preparing the goods for export. The use of this value [...]...
90. Export Diversification Summary of Export Diversification The movement of a nation away from the export of a single or limited number of products as the principal source of foreign exchange earnings. Export diversification programs are usually the priority objectives of small or underdeveloped nations, [...]...
91. Export Jobber A company that purchases and exports merchandise only against a firm order from abroad. Typically the jobber does not take physical possession of the goods.......
92. Export Merchant A firm that purchases goods from various domestic manufacturers, ships them abroad, and markets through other middlemen or their own organization. The export merchant tends to specialize in a given product category.......
93. Export Privileges The opportunity afforded by the U.S. government to engage in export transactions. The Export Control Act and its successor Export Administration Act have provided that all exports are under authority of license (including the general license requiring no prior approval); hence, exporting is a privil......
94. Export Quota Agreement An arrangement arising under an international commodity agreement whereby each participating exporting nation is allocated a portion of the market. Participating importing nations agree to limit imports from nonmember nations. The object of the system is to maintain price stability, thus [...]...
95. Export Trading Company Act A 1982 act of Congress designed to promote American exports by modifying the application of antitrust laws and reducing restrictions on export financing on certain export transactions. The legislation is divided into four parts. Title I directs the Department of Commerce to encourage the formation o......
96. Export Unemployment A conscious program to relieve domestic unemployment or economic stagnation through the stimulation of export sales. The term is used generally in relation to improper export promotion vehicles such as dumping (read this and......
97. Manufacturer's Export Agent Middle man who, on behalf of a domestic manufacturer or trading firm, promotes export sales. The MEA operates under its own name, rather than as a component of the manufacturer's marketing department.......
98. Nonrecourse Export Financing Read details of Forfaiting.......
99. Office Of Export Control A branch of the Department of Commerce charged with reviewing, approving, or denying validated export licenses.......
100. Voluntary Export Quota A quantitative restriction that a nation puts upon the export of a certain product to another country. This condition is usually in response to complaints from the importing country that its domestic industry is being injured by continuing exports of the product from its trading partner.......
101. Voluntary Export Restraints Summary of Voluntary Export Restraints Synonymous with Orderly Marketing Agreement (q.v. See Bilateral Restraints Agreement.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, [...]...
102. Export Mailing List Service An export promotion service of the U.S. Department of Commerce. See Foreign Traders Index.......
103. Private Export Funding Corporation A private corporation organized in 1970 for the purpose of providing medium- to long-term financing to foreign buyers of U.S. goods and services. PEFCO is owned by commercial banks and major industrial firms. Working capital is raised by issuance of commercial paper, guaranteed by the U.S. Export-Im......
104. Accessorial Services Additional services, over and above transportation of merchandise, performed by a carrier. Such services may include, inter alia, advancing payments to other carriers or service providers, storage, and c.o.d. collections. A charge is normally imposed by a carrier for the performance of accessorial s......
105. Asian Development Bank Summary of Asian Development Bank A multilateral development bank formed in 1966 to provide capital to Asian and Pacific countries to expand their economic infrastructure and industrial base. Capital is contributed to the bank by its members, which include both regional, i.e., Asian, and [...]...
106. European Investment Bank Summary of European Investment Bank A multilateral development bank established in 1958 by the Treaty of Rome for the purpose of assisting in the balanced growth of the European economic community (read this and related legal terms for further details) (EEC). The bank grants long-term loans [...]...
107. African Development Bank African Development Bank Outline The agreement to establish the AfDB came into existence in 1964, and the bank began to operate in 1966. Its membership is open to both African and non-African countries. There are about 75 members in the bank. As a regional development bank, the AfDB provides [...]...
108. Interamerican Development Bank Contents Interamerican Development Bank Interamerican Development Bank as an U.S. State Statute Topic This term is one of the topics ... Read more...
109. Business Services This section provides an overview of business services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Dale Honeck, "Business Services," Elgar [...]...
110. African Development Bank Group A multilateral development organization, the first component of which, the African Development Bank, was created in 1963 under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. The group provides funding to African states and multinational official bodies in Africa to advance indust......
111. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Bank For Reconstruction And Development International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Outline The IBRD was established pursuant to the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944. Its headquarters are in Washington, DC. As its name suggests, it is an intergovernmental (as opposed to [...]...
112. Document Retrieval Services Contents Document Retrieval Services For corporate filings, try Perfect Information, CSC (800-221-0770), CSC, CT(800-4284685) and/or Westlaw CourtEXPRESS (800-638-7387). Document retrieval ... Read more...
113. African Development Bank Sanctions Procedures Contents African Development Bank Sanctions Procedures Text  Background 1.1.  The mandate of the African Development Bank Group, which comprises the African ... Read more...
114. Business Forecasting Services Business Forecasting Services If cyclic movements of prices in commodities, securities and money actually occur, as explained under the term ... Read more...
115. Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services Contents Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services In relation of the protection of the U.S. borders, the Bureau of Citizenship ... Read more...
116. United Nations Office for Project Services United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) UNOPS supports partners to build a better future by providing services that increase ... Read more...
117. Combination Export Manager . A service organization that acts as the export department of a manufacturing or trading firm. The CEM undertakes to find overseas buyers, negotiates contracts on behalf of its principal, and is often operationally indistinguishable from a branch of the manufacturer.......
118. Export Control Act An act of Congress passed in 1949 requiring that all commercial exports from the United States be licensed. Authority was granted to the president to devise specific regulations to control exports; this authority has been delegated to the Secretary of Commerce. The regulations subsequently [...]...
119. Export Control Statement A notation required to be entered upon the shipping documents of virtually all commercial exports leaving the United States. A statement for certain licensed commodities, for example, reads: "These commodities licensed by the United States for ultimate destination (name of country). Diversion c......
120. Export Management Company A private company that serves as the export department of other firms, usually small- and medium-size manufacturers. An EMC will provide a variety of services for its clients, to include locating customers abroad, arranging transportation and financing for the merchandise, developing foreign [...]...