Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Economic Space European Economic Space and Europe There is an entry on european economic space in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Space" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by [...]...
2. Social Charters European Social Charter and Europe There is an entry on european social charter in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Social Charter" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by [...]...
3. World Trade Organisation World Trade Organisation (wto) and Europe There is an entry on world trade organisation (wto) in the European legal encyclopedia. World Trade Organisation and the European Union Resources See Also WTO Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "World Trade Organisation (wto)" in the [...]...
4. Europe Central and East European Countries (CEECs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Central and East European Countries (CEECs): Includes Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, [...]...
5. WEU WEU (Western European Union) and Europe There is an entry on weu (western european union) in the European legal encyclopedia. Common Foreign and Security Policy, NATO and WEU and the European Union WEU and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations [...]...
6. Social Market Economy Social Market Economy and Europe There is an entry on social market economy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Social Market Economy" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
7. European Model European Model and Europe There is an entry on european model in the European legal encyclopedia. European model and the European Union Resources See Also European social model Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Model" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of [...]...
8. ACUSE Action Committee for the United States of Europe (acuse) and Europe There is an entry on action committee for the united states of europe (acuse) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Action Committee for the United States of Europe (acuse)" [...]...
9. Economic and Social Committee Economic and Social Committee (ESC) and Europe There is an entry on economic and social committee (esc) in the European legal encyclopedia. Economic and Social Committee and the European Union Resources See Also ESC Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Economic and Social [...]...
10. Commercial Policy Common Commercial Policy and Europe There is an entry on common commercial policy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Economic Development Social development Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Common Commercial Policy" in the work "A Concise [...]...
11. Spot Price The price of a commodity in the Spot Market (read this and related legal terms for further details), i.e., the price quoted for immediate sale and delivery. ......
12. Space Meaning of Ariane (Alternative Meaning: see also translation in this reference) Here is a very short concept of ariane in the European Union framework: A French-designed rocket launcher for commercial satellites (see more in the European legal encyclopedia). (See European Space Agency in the [...]...
13. Mediterranean Policy Mediterranean Policy and Europe There is an entry on mediterranean policy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Mediterranean Policy" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
14. Congress of Europe Congress of Europe and Europe There is an entry on congress of europe in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Congress of Europe" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
15. Europe à La Carte Europe à la Carte and Europe There is an entry on europe à la carte in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Europe à la Carte" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
16. Fortress Europe Fortress Europe and Europe There is an entry on fortress europe in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Fortress Europe" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
17. Europe of Nations Europe of Nations and Europe There is an entry on europe of nations in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Europe of Nations" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
18. Peoples Europe Peoples Europe and Europe There is an entry on peoples europe in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Peoples Europe" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; [...]...
19. Audiovisual Policy Audiovisual Policy and Europe There is an entry on audiovisual policy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Audiovisual Policy" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
20. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
21. Social Dialogue Social dialogue in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Social dialogue provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Discussion and co-operation between the social partners on matters of common interest, such as economic and social policy. Involves participation by the state where tripartism [...]...
22. Subsidies Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and the World Trade Organization Subsidies and Countervailing Measures in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. Dispute Brought by the United States Against the European Union: Subsidies on Large Civil Aircraft (ds316) In [...]...
23. Merger Policy Competition and Merger Policy and Europe There is an entry on competition and merger policy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Competition and Merger Policy" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
24. Trade Unions Trade Unions and Europe There is an entry on trade unions in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Trade Unions" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
25. Fisheries Policy Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and Europe There is an entry on common fisheries policy (cfp) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Common Fisheries Policy (CFP)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
26. EMU EMU (Economic and Monetary Union) and Europe There is an entry on emu (economic and monetary union) in the European legal encyclopedia. EMU and the European Union Resources See Also Economic and Monetary Union Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "EMU (Economic and Monetary [...]...
27. Spot Market A market for commodities or currency in which the sale results in an immediate or nearly immediate exchange of the goods or instruments for cash, as compared with a futures market, which trades in contracts for the future delivery of the product.......
28. Maastricht Treaty The Maastricht Treaty (a/k/a the "Treaty of Maastricht" or the "Treaty on Economic Union") created the Euro as Europe's single currency. The treaty was signed Feb. 1, 1992 and came into force Nov. 1, 1993, although the Euro didn't come into use until 1999. The Treaty is [...]...
29. Council of Ministers Council of Ministers (Council, or Council of the European Union) and Europe There is an entry on council of ministers (council, or council of the european union) in the European legal encyclopedia. Council of Ministers and the European Union Resources See Also Council Resources See Also [...]...
30. ECU Ecu Summary of Ecu The European Monetary System is considered here.(Main Author: William J. Miller) ECU and International Trade Economy ECU (European Currency Unit) and Europe There is an entry on ecu (european currency unit) in the European legal encyclopedia. ECU and the [...]...
31. Reports Human Development Report (hdr) in United Nations Activities In this context, Human Development Report (hdr) means: independent report, produced annually since 1990, and published by UNDP. Featuring the Human Development Index, every report presents agenda-setting data and analysis and calls [...]...
32. Latin Monetary Union Latin Monetary Union and Europe There is an entry on latin monetary union in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Latin Monetary Union" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
33. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ebrd) and Europe There is an entry on european bank for reconstruction and development (ebrd) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Union Resources See Also World Bank Bank [...]...
34. Committees System of Committees Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Committees, H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Committees, Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) Dooge Committee [...]...
35. Group of Seven Group of Seven (G- 7) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Group of Seven (G- 7): The seven leading industrial countries of the world: the United States, Japan, Germany, France, the United [...]...
36. Monetary Policy Monetary Policy (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Monetary Policy means: the complex of actions aiming to regulate the money supply in a country. By changing banking interest rate, or acting on open securities' market, a government either enlarges or diminishes inflow of [...]...
37. Pact on Stability Pact on Stability in Europe and Europe There is an entry on pact on stability in europe in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Pact on Stability in Europe" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
38. Visegrad States Visegrad States and Europe There is an entry on visegrad states in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Visegrad States" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
39. Vat Vat Vat in International Trade Meaning of Vat, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Value Added Tax is a tax assessed on the increased value of goods as they pass from raw material stage through the production and distribution processes to final [...]...
40. OSCE Embracing mainstream international law, this section on osce explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. OSCE (Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe) and Europe There is an entry on osce (organisation for security and co-operation in europe) in [...]...
41. Monetary System European Monetary System (ems) and Europe There is an entry on european monetary system (ems) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Monetary System (ems)" [...]...
42. European Monetary Institute European Monetary Institute (emi) and Europe There is an entry on european monetary institute (emi) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Monetary Institute and the European Union Resources See Also EMI Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Monetary Institute [...]...
43. European Anthem European Anthem and Europe There is an entry on european anthem in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Anthem" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
44. Variable Geometry Variable Geometry and Europe There is an entry on variable geometry in the European legal encyclopedia. Variable geometry and the European Union Resources See Also Differentiated integration Two-speed Europe Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Variable Geometry" in the work [...]...
45. European Idea The European Idea and Europe There is an entry on the european idea in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "The European Idea" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
46. European Identity European Identity and Europe There is an entry on european identity in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Identity" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
47. European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
48. Efta Efta Efta in International Trade Meaning of Efta, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The European Free Trade Association is an intergovernmental organization set up for the promotion of free trade and economic integration to the benefit of its four Member [...]...
49. Spot Cash Spot Cash in International Trade Meaning of Spot Cash, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Immediate cash payment in a transaction, as opposed to payment at some future time....
50. CFSP Embracing mainstream international law, this section on cfsp explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Common Foreign and Security Policy (cfsp) and Europe There is an entry on common foreign and security policy (cfsp) in the European legal encyclopedia. [...]...
51. Baltic States Baltic States and Europe There is an entry on baltic states in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Baltic States" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the [...]...
52. Agricultural Policy Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Europe There is an entry on common agricultural policy (cap) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law Resources See Also Further Reading [...]...
53. Draft Treaty Draft Treaty Establishing the European Union (dteu) and Europe There is an entry on draft treaty establishing the european union (dteu) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Draft Treaty Establishing the European Union (dteu)" in the work [...]...
54. Planning Literature Review on Capital Improvement Programs (CIPs): Planning In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Hua Xu offers the following summary about the topic of Planning in Capital Improvement Programs (CIPs): Capital improvements are important investment [...]...
55. EC EC and Europe There is an entry on ec in the European legal encyclopedia. EC and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also European Community Resources See [...]...
56. Yugoslavia Countries or entities formerly subject to sanctions by the United States: Yugoslavia Yugoslavia and Europe There is an entry on yugoslavia in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate Resources See Also Further Reading Entry [...]...
57. Tangentopoli Tangentopoli and Europe There is an entry on tangentopoli in the European legal encyclopedia. Tangentopoli and the European Union Resources See Also Mani pulite Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Tangentopoli" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union [...]...
58. Community Preference Summary of Community Preference A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Community Preference and Europe There is an entry on community [...]...
59. Trans-European Networks Trans-european Networks (TENs) and Europe There is an entry on trans-european networks (tens) in the European legal encyclopedia. Trans-European networks and the European Union Resources See Also TENs Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Trans-european Networks (TENs)" in the [...]...
60. Contributions Embracing mainstream international law, this section on contributions explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Contributions and Europe There is an entry on contributions in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Social Security Financing [...]...
61. Third Way Third Way and Europe There is an entry on third way in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Third Way" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
62. Opt-out Opt-out and Europe There is an entry on opt-out in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Opt-out" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
63. The Seven The Seven and Europe There is an entry on the seven in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "The Seven" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
64. Joint European Torus JET (Joint European Torus) and Europe There is an entry on jet (joint european torus) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "JET (Joint European Torus)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
65. Slovakia Slovakia and Europe There is an entry on slovakia in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Slovakia" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
66. European Political Community European Political Community and Europe There is an entry on european political community in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Political Community" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
67. G-3 G-3 and Europe There is an entry on g-3 in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "G-3" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
68. TAC Tac and Europe There is an entry on tac in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Tac" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
69. Common Transport Policy Common transport policy and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common transport policy provided by the European Union Commission: The goal of the common transport policy is to remove obstacles at the borders between Member States so as to facilitate the free movement of persons [...]...
70. Foreign Policy COREU (CORespondance EUropéenne) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of COREU (CORespondance EUropéenne) provided by the European Union Commission: Coreu is an EU communication network between the Member States and the Commission for cooperation in the fields of [...]...
71. European Space Agency Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european space agency explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. European Space Agency and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental [...]...
72. Defense Community European Defence Community (EDC) and Europe There is an entry on european defence community (edc) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Defence Community (EDC)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
73. Safeguards Safeguards in International Trade Meaning of Safeguards, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Emergency measure taken when increased imports of particular products cause or threaten to cause serious injury to the importing country's domestic industry. [...]...
74. Soames Affair Soames Affair and Europe There is an entry on soames affair in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Soames Affair" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
75. Stuttgart Declaration Stuttgart Declaration and Europe There is an entry on stuttgart declaration in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Stuttgart Declaration" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
76. Soixante-huitards Soixante-huitards and Europe There is an entry on soixante-huitards in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Soixante-huitards" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
77. Economic Community European Economic Community (EEC) and Europe There is an entry on european economic community (eec) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Community (EEC)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
78. Economic Area European Economic Area (EEA) and Europe There is an entry on european economic area (eea) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Area (EEA)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
79. Policy Space Specific Exceptions in Investment Law protecting Policy Space This section provides an overview of specific exceptions in investment law protecting policy space within the legal context of Specific Exceptions in Investment Law protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, [...]...
80. Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
81. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
82. Intervention Summary of Intervention A process within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community whereby the EEC will purchase certain commodities currently selling below a stipulated target price. The price [...]...
83. European Patent Convention European Patent Convention (EPC) in E.U. Patent System Nineteen European countries are parties to the European Patent Convention. A patent application filed under this convention will, when granted, usually automatically be effective in each of the countries designated by the applicant. [...]...
84. Acquis A French term meaning 'that which has been acquired' and used in relation to European Union law, most notably in the form of the acquis communautaire , to signify the entire body of European laws. The term has also been used with reference to the Schengen process concerning the [...]...
85. Central Banks European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and Europe There is an entry on european system of central banks (escb) in the European legal encyclopedia. This section provides an overview of central banks within the legal context of Monetary Institutions in international economic law, with coverage [...]...
86. The Six Summary of The Six The member states of the European Communities (Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg) prior to the enlargement of the community to embrace Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark (all in 1972) and Greece (1981).(Main Author: [...]...
87. Competition Law Anti-Dumping and Competition Law and the World Trade Organization Anti-Dumping and Competition Law in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. Competition Law in a Global Context Contents of Competition Law in a Global Context Contents of this subject matter [...]...
88. Financial Services Financial Services and the World Trade Organization Financial Services in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. European Passport and Europe There is an entry on european passport in the European legal encyclopedia. This section provides an overview of financial [...]...
89. Integration Theory Integration Theory and Europe There is an entry on integration theory in the European legal encyclopedia. Integration theory and the European Union Resources See Also Functionalism' Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Integration Theory" in the work "A Concise [...]...
90. Political Groups Political Groups and Europe There is an entry on political groups in the European legal encyclopedia. Political groups and the European Union Resources See Also Transnational parties European political parties Party groups Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Political [...]...
91. Spot Option Spanish Translation of spot optionThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to spot option and / or a definition of this topic: Opción Americana (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
92. European Economic Interest Grouping European Economic Interest Grouping and Europe There is an entry on european economic interest grouping in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Interest Grouping" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union [...]...
93. Domestic Policy Space Recognised Policies Protecting Domestic Policy Space in International Economic Law In international economic law, recognised policies protecting domestic policy space includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Public Morals Environmental Protection [...]...
94. Court of Arbitration for Sport ContentsCourt of Arbitration for Sport (CAS)FunctionsKinds of dispute to be submitted to the CAS and ProcedureLaw of the arbitratorsAward pronounced ... Read more...
95. UNESCO International Convention Against Doping in Sport ContentsUNESCO International Convention Against Doping in SportConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries UNESCO International ... Read more...
96. Guide to sport, tourism, arts and events management laws ContentsGuide to sport, tourism, arts and events management lawsTable of Contents of the Guide:ReferencesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s ... Read more...
97. Spain For information on Spanish legal materials, see the Guide to Legal Research in Spainby Olga Cabrero and updated by Vanessa Casado. See also the Guide to Law Online: Spain and the other sources discussed in the "Foreign Laws" entry of this Guide. Information on Spanish companies is [...]...
98. Space Agency European Space Agency (ESA) and Europe There is an entry on european space agency (esa) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Space Agency (ESA)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
99. International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants ContentsInternational Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of PlantsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these ... Read more...
100. Speech on the Government of India “Sir Francis Macnaghten tells us that it is a delusion to fancy that there is any known and fixed law ... Read more...
101. Social partners in the European Union ContentsSocial partners in the European UnionSocial partners and their representativesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these ... Read more...
102. Seigniorage Summary of Seigniorage A premium imposed by a mint, over and above actual manufacturing costs, for converting bullion metal into coin. An example of seigniorage would be the difference between the face value of the quarter-dollar coin versus its metal content and manufacturing cost.(Main [...]...
103. Single Market Summary of Single Market A component feature of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Single Market and Europe There is an entry on single market in the European [...]...
104. Space Charter An arrangement by which a shipper or carrier commits to a vessel owner to fill a specified portion of the ship's hold, on one or more voyages.......
105. Special And Differential Treatment The concept that developing nations require special consideration in bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations, and that concessions should be granted to the developing nations without reciprocity. Although this concept has been advanced in various individual multilateral trade agreements, the T......
106. Special Drawing Rights Summary of Special Drawing Rights An artificial currency unit created by the international monetary Fund (read this and related legal terms for further details), or IMF, to argument international reserves. The expansion of world trade following World War II necessitated an expansion in [...]...
107. Special Endorsement Endorsement is considered here.......
108. Special Summary Steel Invoice A special form of customs invoice required by the United States for importations of steel, or for an imported product made substantially of steel where the value of the goods exceeds $10,000 ($5,000 if from a contiguous country). The Special Invoice Form 5520 is filed in duplicate at the time of th......
109. Specialization Agreement Also known as a rationalization agreement, an arrangement among competing manufacturers of like products that each will sell only certain products, thereby providing each participant in the agreement a dominant position for a given product.......
110. Speculation The act of purchasing interests in land, securities, commodities, foreign currencies, or futures contracts with the object of achieving profits through short-term changes in market prices. The speculator does not use the land, commodities, or financial interests purchased in conjunction with the pr......
111. Split Delivery A load of cargo that a carrier must break down into smaller quantities and deliver to multiple consignees. It is common for a carrier to impose an additional charge for this service.......
112. Split Pickup A shipment, usually to a single destination, that must be picked up in more than one location. A carrier normally imposes an additional charge for this service.......
113. Spot In foreign exchange and commodities markets, the current price for a given commodity or currency; the spot price is contrasted with the futures price, which is the price that is offered for delivery at some specified time in the future.......
114. Spot Charter A vessel that is prepared to commence loading immediately upon fixing of the charter. As a practical matter, spot charters arise only in relation to vessels already in port but not otherwise occupied.......
115. Spread Generally, the difference between the buying and selling rates for a foreign currency. Also, the difference between the spot and forward rates.......
116. Spreader Bar A device with attachments at each of four corners that affixes to an ocean carrier from above. The spreader bar is suspended from a crane and lifts containers from their chassis into the hold of a ship, and vice versa.......
117. Sovereignty Legal Issues International treaties and conventions are, or should be, based on the presumption that all sovereign states are equal. This presumption forms the basis for the operation of the rules of conflict of laws.5 No country can directly enforce its domestic law within the territory of [...]...
118. Space Law Space Law Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Space Law , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Space Law , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) Outer Space In relation to [...]...
119. Specialized Agencies Specialized Agencies of the United Nations Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Specialized Agencies, H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Specialized Agencies, [...]...
120. Spot Zoning Real Estate meaning of Spot ZoningIn the words of the Encyclopedia of Real Estate Terms about Spot Zoning: (United States)The zoning of a small area of land, or one or more properties, for a use that is not in harmony with the normal zoning plan for the area, especially if a small area is [...]...