Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Minimum Import Price As used in conjunction with the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community, Gate price (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
2. Orientation Price As used in conjunction with the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community it is the target price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for cattle and calves, i.e., the equilibrium pr......
3. Guide Price As used in conjunction with the European Economic Community's Common Agricultural Policy on cattle and calves, it is synonymous with Orientation Price (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
4. Intervention Price The price at which the European Economic Community, in accordance with the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details), will intervene in the market to buy excess agricultural produ......
5. Threshold Price A minimum import price for commodities established under the common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community, set so as not to hamper sales of EEC pro......
6. Withdrawal Price A floor price at which European Economic Community producers of certain food products may withhold their goods from the market. The withdrawal price is generally below the base price (i.e., the target price set for a given commodity) and the purchase price at which EEC governments will intervene in ......
7. Purchase Price Defined in 19 U.S.C. 162 as the price at which imported merchandise has been purchased, or will be purchased, prior to exportation. It is usually based on the ex factory price excluding any export duties levied in the country of manufacture. Within the framework of the European Economic Community......
8. Community Preference Summary of Community Preference A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Community Preference and Europe There is an entry on community [...]...
9. Buyer's Premium A subsidy offered by a member state of the European Economic Community to domestic tobacco processors to encourage the use of EEC, rather than imported, tobaccos. The program, which is a feature of the common AGRICULTURAL POLICY (...
10. Compensatory Tax A special import levy imposed by the European Economic Community upon certain agricultural imports when the entry price of such products falls below a reference, or minimum target, price and the import is priced so as to reflect an export subsidy. Compensatory taxes are institutionalized in the [...]...
11. Reference Price A mechanism of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community designed to prevent disruptive import competition for certain vegetables, fruits, f......
12. Gate Price The minimum price at which pork, poultry, and eggs werw permitted to enter the European Economic Community under the common AGRICULTURAL POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) without imposition o......
13. Common Pricing A feature of the COMMON AGRICULTURAL policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
14. Intervention Summary of Intervention A process within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community whereby the EEC will purchase certain commodities currently selling below a stipulated target price. The price [...]...
15. Normal Price Within the scope of the Brussels Definition Of Value (read this and related legal terms for further details), the value basis upon which ad valorem duties will be assessed on imports. The normal price is the price the go......
16. Common Financing A feature of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.......
17. Cash Price The same as SPOT price (read this and related legal terms for further details), as used in grain transactions.......
18. Werner Report A report on the subject of European integration, prepared by a committee under the leadership of Pierre Werner, prime minister of Luxembourg. The report, published in October 1970, urged full economic and monetary union within the European Economic Community as "a catalyst for the development o......
19. Ordinary Course Of Trade A concept routinely applied in customs valuation that holds that the dutiable value of goods is the price at which they would normally sell if customary channels of distribution were observed. For example, where it was industry practice for a product to be sold directly by a manufacturer to an end u......
20. Green Rate A special rate of exchange used in converting agricultural prices fixed in units of account into national currencies, within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further deta......
21. Treaty of Rome Treaty Of Rome Summary of Treaty Of Rome The document, signed at Rome in 1957 (effective January 1, 1958), by which the six founding states established the European Economic Community (read this and related legal terms for further details). (Main Author: William J. Miller) The Treaty of [...]...
22. Resale Price Method Synonymous with Arm's Length Price (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
23. Constructed Price A value for customs purposes that ignores the invoice price of the merchandise but is derived by computing the cost inputs of the product (materials plus reasonable manufacturing expenses in the country of origin plus a profit factor), to which are added the normal costs associated with preparing th......
24. Smithsonian Agreement A largely unsuccessful effort to revive the fixed exchange rate system established by the bretton woods agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
25. Chicken War A protracted dispute between the United States and the European Economic Community arising from the adoption of Europe's COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY (read this and related legal terms for further details) on chicken i......
26. General Agreements To Borrow An arrangement among the GROUP OF TEN (read this and related legal terms for further details) nations to provide supplemental financing to the International Monetary Fund (...
27. Monetary Compensatory Amounts Settlements between member states of the European Economic Community to reflect the market rate of currencies used in agricultural transactions and the periodically revised Green Rate (read this and related legal terms for f......
28. Dillon Round A series of multinational trade discussions conducted during 1960-1962 under the sponsorship of the general agreement of tariffs and Trade (read this and related legal terms for further details). The principal result of ......
29. Reciprocal Trade Agreements Program An act of Congress which authorized the president to reduce tariffs in exchange for like concessions by trading partners. The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934, enacted as an amendment to the Smoot-Hawley Act (read thi......
30. Nairobi Treaty On The Protection Of The Olympic Symbol An international agreement to protect the Olympic symbol against commercial use without the approval of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The treaty specifies that adhering states will prohibit use of the Olympic symbol on goods or advertising or as a trademark except under license from th......
31. Notional Concept Of Valuation An approach to the application of ad valorem duties that holds that duties should be applied upon the price the goods "ought to fetch" under specified conditions; this view was widely held for many years and was embraced in the Brussels Definition Of Value (...
32. Collective Reserve Unit An artificial currency unit proposed in 1965 by Valéry Giscard d'Estaing of France. The cru, as it was known, was to have been linked to gold to create international reserves. The GROUP OF ten (read this and relat......
33. Visby Amendment A proposed revision to the Hague Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details) of 1924 on the liability of ocean carriers for loss and damage to cargo. The Visby Amendment does not contemplate materia......
34. Brussels Definition Of Value A system for the valuation of imports for the application of ad valorem duties, adopted in 1953 following attempts to establish a European customs union. The European Customs Union Study Group submitted to the contracting states the Convention on the Valuation of Goods for Customs Purposes, along w......
35. Switching Also known as switch trading, a Countertrade (read this and related legal terms for further details) arrangement under which a purchaser in one country assigns to a seller in another country an obligation due from a thir......
36. Positive Concept Of Valuation An approach to the application of ad valorem duties that holds that duties should be applied upon the actual value of the transaction, as defined by buyer and seller. This view has been substantially fulfilled by the recent adoption of the transaction value basis of valuation in the Customs Valuatio......
37. European Patent System A series of agreements among European states, the object of which is harmonized patent laws and regulations. The system includes the following agreements: European Patent Convention, also known as the Munich Patent Convention, and the Convention on Granting of European Patents, provides patent prot......
38. International Patent Classification Agreement A system for the classification of patents, created to promote uniformity in classifying technological innovations. The International Patent Classification System segments technology into eight categories, with a total of 52,000 subdivisions, each of which consists of Roman letters and Arabic numer......
39. Developed Countries Summary of Developed Countries A generalized grouping of the industrialized nations. Customarily, the term is applied to those nations that are members of the organization for economic cooperation And Development (read this and related legal terms for further details) plus the [...]...
40. Trade Agreements Act Of 1979 An act of Congress implementing certain agreements negotiated under the Tokyo Round (read this and related legal terms for further details). The act replaced the Countervailing Duty Law and Antidumping Act of 1921 and ab......
41. Freely Offered Goods offered in the normal course of trade to all buying on essentially the same basis, e.g., with like prices, terms, discounts, et cetera. Under prior valuation schemes, the value at which the goods were "freely offered" served as the basis for the assessment of customs duties; this con......
42. Green Clause A provision in a letter OF CREDIT (read this and related legal terms for further details) similar to a RED CLAUSE (read this and related legal t......
43. Group Of Twenty-Four A block of less developed nations that has called for the allocation of 45 percent of the voting quota at the international Monetary Fund (read this and related legal terms for further details) to Third World nations. Cu......
44. Superimposed Clause A notation on the face of a Bill Of lading (read this and related legal terms for further details) that indicates a defect in the cargo or its mode of transport. Such notations include "received in damaged condition......
45. Hague Agreement The product of a 1924 conference on ocean carrier liability sponsored by the International Chamber of Commerce. The agreement embraced various defenses to carrier liability for loss or damage to cargo and established a limitation of liability at one hundred pounds sterling (approximately five hundre......
46. Less Than Fair Value An export sale price below that charged on like sales in the country of origin. Such sales are usually regarded as dumping (read this and related legal terms for further details), which may result in the imposition by th......
47. Merchant's Contract In steamship usage, a Loyalty Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
48. Mtn Valuation Code An agreement on valuation for customs purposes, more commonly known as the customs valuation agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
49. Sacrifice The economic loss sustained when cargo, rigging, or other property is jettisoned or destroyed in the course of saving an imperiled ship; sacrifice losses are usually recoverable in General Average (read this and related lega......
50. Unilinear Tariff Synonymous with general TARIFF (read this and related legal terms for further details). Union D'Assureurs Des Credits Inter- Nationaux. The full, formal name of the Berne Union (...
51. Column 2 Rate The rate of duty applied by U.S. Customs to imports from nations not enjoying Most Favored Nation (read this and related legal terms for further details) status. The Column 2 rate is the statutory rate of duty provided i......
52. Berth No Berth A stipulation that may be included in a vessel charter party (read this and related legal terms for further details) providing that if the point of loading or discharge is a berth, and if the berth is not immediately ava......
53. Forty-Forty-Twenty A provision of the Unctad Code Of Conduct For Liner Conferences (read this and related legal terms for further details) that calls for a system of cargo preference in which 40 percent of export cargoes would move on shi......
54. Pivot Charge The minimum charge imposed by an air carrier for the use of a Unit Load Device (read this and related legal terms for further details), or air container. The charge is based upon a Pivot Weight (...
55. Group Of Ten Also known as the Paris Club, the ten principal trading nations. The group, consisting of the United States, Great Britain, Federal Republic of Germany, France, Japan, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Canada, and Sweden, derived the name from a 1962 General Agreement to Borrow signed to make U.S. $6......
56. Transaction Value The primary method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the Customs Valuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
57. Ottawa Agreement A 1932 agreement among members of the British Commonwealth to extend preferential duty rates to one another and to British dependencies. As a condition of entry into the European Economic Community, Great Britain was obliged to depart substantially from the agreement; this departure, coupled with t......
58. Special And Differential Treatment The concept that developing nations require special consideration in bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations, and that concessions should be granted to the developing nations without reciprocity. Although this concept has been advanced in various individual multilateral trade agreements, the T......
59. Tokyo Declaration The pronouncement of a 1973 gathering in Tokyo of foreign, finance, and trade ministers of the major industrial nations, meeting to discuss economic and trade problems. The joint communique issued by the ministers called for increased trade through the elimination of tariff and nontariff [...]...
60. European Monetary Cooperation Fund The successor to the European payments Union (read this and related legal terms for further details), the EMCF was established by the European Monetary Agreement of 1958 as a vehicle to enhance monetary cooperation among......
61. Guatemala Protocol (1971) A modification of the Warsaw Convention (read this and related legal terms for further details) of 1929.......
62. Hague Protocol (1955) A modification of the Warsaw Convention (read this and related legal terms for further details) of 1929.......
63. Trademark Registration Treaty An international agreement which provides for the protection of trademarks in adhering states by means of a single international filing. The Trademark Registration Treaty (TRT) is similar in many respects to the Madrid AgreementConcerning The International Registration Of Marks (...
64. Tramp A vessel that offers nonscheduled service between such ports as afford cargoes of opportunity. Unlike a Liner (read this and related legal terms for further details), a tramp seeks to acquire a full load from one shipper......
65. United States Trade Representative An office, with ambassadorial rank, created by Congress to direct U.S. trade negotiations during the Kennedy and Tokyo Rounds. Known previously as the special trade representative and the special representative for trade negotiations, the office was reorganized with expanded powers by Executive [...]...
66. Slot Ship Synonymous with cellularized vessel (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
67. Computed Value Method An alternative method of valuing imports for the imposition of ad valorem duties, as provided in the customs VALUATION AGREEMENT (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
68. Central Rate Each currency affiliated with the EUROPEAN monetary system (read this and related legal terms for further details) is assigned a value in terms of the European currency unit (ECU). The central rate is the range within wh......
69. International Reserves Gold, hard currencies, and special drawing rights (read this and related legal terms for further details) issued by the international monetary fund (...
70. Quantitative Restriction A limitation on the quantity of a given commodity that may be imported into a country during a specified period of time. A quantitative restriction is manifested as a Quota ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for further [...]...
71. Sterling Bloc Synonymous with sterling area (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
72. Column 1 Rate The rate of duty applied by U.S. Customs to imports from nations enjoying Most Favored Nation (read this and related legal terms for further details) status. See TARIFF (CUSTOMS); Tariff Schedules of the United States.......
73. Nonprivileged Foreign Status The condition of imported merchandise entered into a Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details), other than goods that have been granted privileged foreign status (...
74. Berth A stipulation in a vessel charter party (read this and related legal terms for further details) that laytime ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms ......
75. Transaction Value Of Identical Merchandise An alternative method of valuing goods for customs purposes under the CustomsValuation Agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
76. Ab Quai Synonymous with AB KAI (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
77. Clayton Act An act of Congress, passed in 1914, that expands upon the antitrust (read this and related legal terms for further details) provisions of the Sherman Act by making it illegal for firms to engage in price discrimination a......
78. Economic Nationalism A conscious, articulated national drive toward economic self-sufficiency. Economic nationalism is comparable to Autarchy (read this and related legal terms for further details) but does not mandate the economic isolation......
79. Gold Tranche Position A drawing of foreign exchange from the international monetary FUND (read this and related legal terms for further details), by a member nation up to or equal with that country's gold on deposit with the IMF. In effec......
80. Graduation Summary of Graduation The act of recognition by the world community that formerly less developed Countries (read this and related legal terms for further details) have undergone sufficient economic development to be regarded as "developed"or industrialized nations. The recognition [...]...
81. Manufacturer's Particulars Details of the construction of an intermodal container, as specified in the container's DATA PLATE (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
82. Minimum List A statistical classification system for foreign trade advanced by the League of Nations. The report entitled Minimum List of Commodities for International Trade Statistics was published in 1938. Following World War II, it was superseded by the United Nations standard international Trade Classificati......
83. Poultry War Synonymous with Chicken War (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
84. Sterling Credit A letter of credit (read this and related legal terms for further details) against which bills of exchange are to be drawn in pounds sterling.......
85. Tariff (Customs) A document issued by a nation's customs authority principally for the purpose of specifying rates of duty to be applied on various imported products. A tariff customarily also includes quantitative restrictions (quotas) upon certain imports, preferential duties on products imported from specifie......
86. Quayage Synonymous with Quay Dues (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
87. The Snake The Snake and Europe There is an entry on the snake in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "The Snake" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
88. Schuman Plan Summary of Schuman Plan A series of proposals for the pooling of European coal and steel resources as a vehicle for European economic recovery and integration, advanced by Robert Schuman of France in 1950. Schuman's plan was accepted by the governments of Belgium, Luxembourg, the [...]...
89. Second Enlargement The expansion of the European Communities beyond its 1980 membership. The first enlargement occurred when Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark joined the EC in 1972, raising the membership to nine (the original members were France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Belg......
90. Bank For International Settlements Bank For International Settlements Summary of Bank For International Settlements An international bank owned and controlled by the central banks of twenty-four European and five non-European central banks. The BIS was formed at the Hague Conference of 1930 in response to pressures for the [...]...
91. Basel Agreement An agreement, concluded April 24, 1972, among members of the European Economic Community for the purpose of narrowing the margins of fluctuation among community currencies. Participants in the agreement were Belgium, Germany, France, Luxembourg, Italy, and the Netherlands. The agreement served as th......
92. Council of Europe Hello Council Of Europe Summary of Council Of Europe An association of twenty- one European states formed to identify and collectively pursue areas of common interest, and to provide a forum for the articulation of European unity. The council was formed by treaty in London on May 5, 1949; [...]...
93. Patent Cooperation Treaty An international agreement which permits nationals and residents of any adhering state to seek patent protection in any or all of the adhering states by means of a single patent application. The applicant files his application with the national patent office of the country of which he is a [...]...
94. Seabridge A service offered by some ocean carriers whereby cargo moving between Europe and East Asia is taken by one vessel from the exporting country to a U.S. port for relay, from the same port, to destination. The goods move under a single through bill of lading. A seabridge movement is the effective equiv......
95. Selective Safeguards In European usage, a synonym for a bilateral restraint agreement (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
96. Single Market Summary of Single Market A component feature of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Single Market and Europe There is an entry on single market in the European [...]...
97. Standard Price The target price (read this and related legal terms for further details) for tobacco under the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community.......
98. Standstill Agreements An arrangement between the United States and the European Economic Community emerging at the end of the Dillon Round in 1961 concerning certain agricultural commodities. In essence, status quo was maintained on U.S. exports of wheat, corn, rice, poultry, and sorghum grain pending further negotiation......
99. The Six Summary of The Six The member states of the European Communities (Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg) prior to the enlargement of the community to embrace Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark (all in 1972) and Greece (1981).(Main Author: [...]...
100. Supreme Courts Supreme Court of Argentina (Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación) In relation to the supreme court of argentina (corte suprema de justicia de la nación) and constitutional law, José Sebastián Elias[1] made the following observation: The Supreme Court of [...]...
101. Carpathian Convention Contents Treaties & Conventions: Carpathian Convention The Carpathian Convention Enters Into Force On 6 January 2006 the Framework Convention on ... Read more...
102. Subjects of International Law. Bibliography Subjects of International Law Bibliography Reference works •Roselyn Higgins, Problems and process : international law and how we use it ... Read more...
103. European Landscape Convention Contents European Landscape Convention The purpose of the Convention is to provide an instrument devoted to the protection, management and ... Read more...
104. Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism Contents Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism 1. The purpose of the Council of Europe Convention on ... Read more...
105. UN Convention against Corruption UN Convention against Corruption Title United Nations Convention Against Corruption About the Convention The purposes of the Convention are to promote and strengthen measures to prevent and combat corruption [...]...
106. Europe Criminal Law Convention on Corruption Contents Council of Europe Criminal Law Convention on Corruption and the Additional Protocol Title of Treaty Council of Europe Criminal ... Read more...
107. UN: Purposes, principles and membership Contents UN: Purposes, principles and membership See: Charter of the United Nations UN: Purposes, principles and membership United Nations organs ... Read more...
108. United Nations Secretariat Contents United Nations Secretariat See: ? Charter of the United Nations ? UN: Purposes, principles and membership ? United Nations ... Read more...
109. Sei Fujii v. the State of California Contents SEI FUJII v. THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA Supreme Court of California 38 Cal. 2d 718; 242 P.2d 617 Decided: ... Read more...
110. List of United Nations Cross References List of United Nations Cross References Economic and Social Council General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade International Bank for Reconstruction ... Read more...
111. Additional Product Aid A feature of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community, which provides price supports to EEC producers affected by import competition. The "community preference" mechanism of the CAP eliminates external competition for most items but does not respond for certain pro......
112. Association of Southeast Asian Nations Association Of Southeast Asian Nations Summary of Association Of Southeast Asian Nations Commonly known by the acronyn ASEAN, a regional cooperation association concerned with the promotion of economic development and trade among the member states. The group was founded at Bangkok in 1967 [...]...
113. Base Price As used in conjunction with the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community, a trigger price for specific commodities at which member states will intervene to support the market price of a commodity. Member states may respond to a decline in market prices below the base price by la......
114. British Dependent Territories Those overseas possessions of Great Britain that have been associated with the European Communities as part of Britain's entry into the communities. Basically, the term applies to all overseas possessions of Britain other than Gibraltar and Hong Kong.......
115. Bureau Veritas One of the major international ship classification societies, established in France in 1826. Bureau Veritas establishes standards for, oversees the construction of, and classifies vessels and marine equipment, including cargo containers. As of January 1, 1983, tonnage classified by the society amo......
116. Center Of Gravity Theory A principle in law which contends that whenever a contract involves parties in several legal jurisdictions and the document fails to prescribe which law shall govern, a court may apply the system of law having the most significant relationship to the contract. Factors to be considered by a court in ......
117. Codetermination Summary of Codetermination The corporate management process employed in some countries whereby labor representatives sit on the company's board of directors. This practice arose in Germany following World War I, gaining wide acceptance in that country following World War II. Worker [...]...
118. Commonwealth Preference Special preferential rates of duty applied by member states of the British Commonwealth on merchandise imported from other Commonwealth countries. In many cases, duties among Commonwealth members were totally abolished. The accession of Britain into the European Com-munities, coupled with the adopt......
119. Customs Cooperation Council An international organization established for the purpose of harmonizing the customs procedures and techniques of member countries. The agency is concerned with the mechanics of customs administration and is not involved in matters relating to tariff levels or similar substantive economic [...]...
120. East- West Trade A general reference to trade between the industrial nations of the West, particularly those nations that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal terms for [...]...