Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Nvocc Nvocc in International Trade Meaning of Nvocc, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Non-vessel-operating common carrier is company providing point-to-point international transport of goods although it does not necessarily operate or own transport vehicles or [...]...
2. International Road Transport Union International Road Transport Union (IRU) in International Trade Meaning of International Road Transport Union (IRU), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An organization with members in 75 countries, the IRU assists bus, coach and truck operators throughout [...]...
3. Tir Carnet Tir Carnet in International Trade Meaning of Tir Carnet, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A document issued pursuant to the TIR (Transport International Routier) permitting sealed road transport shipments to traverse European TIR-members countries without [...]...
4. Road Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
5. Road Network Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
6. Preferential Trade Agreements Impact of Preferential Trade Agreements on Competition Law and Policy This section provides an overview of impact of preferential trade agreements on competition law and policy within the legal context of Competition Law and Policy in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). [...]...
7. TIR Convention An international agreement designed to speed international cargo movements across third countries en route to final destination. Originally established in 1949 as a means of speeding European road transportation, the convention now applies to other modes of transport as well. Basically, each [...]...
8. Treaty of Rome Treaty Of Rome Summary of Treaty Of Rome The document, signed at Rome in 1957 (effective January 1, 1958), by which the six founding states established the European Economic Community (read this and related legal terms for further details). (Main Author: William J. Miller) The Treaty of [...]...
9. Shipment Date Shipment Date in International Trade Meaning of Shipment Date, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The date a shipment takes place, which is usually the date of the relevant transport document. For banking purposes, with shipments by vessel for which [...]...
10. Road Taxes Road Taxes and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Road Taxes: Excise taxes imposed on the sale or operation of motor vehicles, which have the effect of discriminating in favor [...]...
11. Road Safety Crimes Spanish Translation of road safety crimesThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to road safety crimes and / or a definition of this topic: Delitos Contra la Seguridad del Tráfico (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
12. Unidroit Unidroit Unidroit in International Trade Meaning of Unidroit, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Institute for the Unification of Private Law is an international governmental organization headquartered in Rome whose tasks are to study needs and [...]...
13. Investment Rules Relationship of Competition Law to Trade and Investment Rules This section provides an overview of relationship of competition law to trade and investment rules within the legal context of Competition Law and Policy in international economic law (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further [...]...
14. Binder Summary of Binder A temporary, often abbreviated document evidencing that insurance coverage has been effected. A binder is an interim measure until the full policy is prepared.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Binder in International Trade Meaning of Binder, according to the [...]...
15. Affiliate Company Definition of Affiliate Company in International Trade The following is a concept of Affiliate Company in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A Company that is less than 50% owned by a parent company; the parents acts as [...]...
16. Basel Convention Basel Convention in International Trade Meaning of Basel Convention, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A multilateral environmental agreement dealing with hazardous waste. Embracing mainstream international law, this section on basel convention explores [...]...
17. European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
18. Cargo Insurance Certificate Cargo Insurance Certificate in International Trade Meaning of Cargo Insurance Certificate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A document indicating the type and amount of insurance coverage in force on a particular shipment. Used to assure the consignee [...]...
19. Customs Conventions Contents Customs Conventions Convention on Temporary Admission 26.6.1990 International Convention on the Harmonisation of Frontier Controls of Goods 21.10.1982 Customs ... Read more...
20. Notify Party Notify Party in International Trade Meaning of Notify Party, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The party to which a carrier should send notice of a shipment's arrival. This information is normally shown on the transport document or its electronic [...]...
21. Road Traffic Treaties Contents Road Traffic Conventions, International Agreements and Treaties A list of Road Traffic Conventions, International Agreements and Treaties Convention on ... Read more...
22. Public Morals This section provides an overview of public morals within the legal context of Recognised Policies Protecting Domestic Policy Space in international economic law, with coverage of Protecting Domestic Policy Space (Principles). Resources Further Reading Robert Howse, "Public Morals," [...]...
23. Apparent Damage Definition of Apparent Damage in International Trade The following is a concept of Apparent Damage in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): This statement in a bill of lading or other transport document is the opposite to [...]...
24. Enterprise Enterprise for the Americas Initiative and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Enterprise for the Americas Initiative: A program launched in 1990 as a vehicle for defining a [...]...
25. Fiata Bill of Lading (FBL) Fiata Bill of Lading in International Trade Meaning of FBL (Fiata Bill of Lading), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The FIATA Bill of Lading serves as a shipping contract and a proof that the goods have been carried with the use of more than one [...]...
26. Robert Joseph Pothier The Legal History of Robert Joseph PothierThis section provides an overview of Robert Joseph Pothier ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Robert Joseph Pothier in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford [...]...
27. Railway Transport Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
28. Shipment Received For Shipment B/L in International Trade Meaning of Received For Shipment B/L, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A bill of lading which confirms the receipt of goods by the carrier, but not their actual loading on board. This document can be [...]...
29. Electricité De Beyrouth Company Electricité de Beyrouth Company Embracing mainstream international law, this section on electricité de beyrouth company explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "electricité de beyrouth company" in the Parry [...]...
30. Nationality of Company Nationality of Company/corporation Embracing mainstream international law, this section on nationality of company/corporation explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "nationality of company/corporation" in the [...]...
31. Container Container in International Trade Meaning of Container, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A single, non-disposable structure to be filled with smaller objects to facilitate transportation. Containers are used extensively in waterborne, air and rail [...]...
32. Ramsar Convention Embracing mainstream international law, this section on ramsar convention explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "ramsar convention" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
33. Convention on the Rights of the Child Optional Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): The Third Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, establishing a complaint [...]...
34. International Fisheries Company Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on international fisheries company case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "international fisheries company case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
35. Economic Sectors Specific Sectors in International Economic Law In international economic law, specific sectors includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Financial Services Health Services Recreation, Cultural and Sporting Services Air Transport Services [...]...
36. Safeguards Safeguards in International Trade Meaning of Safeguards, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Emergency measure taken when increased imports of particular products cause or threaten to cause serious injury to the importing country's domestic industry. [...]...
37. International Policy Making Leadership and Policy Making in International Economic Law This section provides an overview of leadership and policy making in international economic law within the legal context of Architecture in international economic law.. Resources Further Reading Diane A Desierto, "Leadership and [...]...
38. Armstrong Cork Company Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on armstrong cork company case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "armstrong cork company case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
39. Bolivar Railway Company Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on bolivar railway company case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "bolivar railway company case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
40. Orinoco Steamship Company Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on orinoco steamship company case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "orinoco steamship company case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary [...]...
41. Standard Oil Company Tankers Case Embracing mainstream international law, this section on standard oil company tankers case explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "standard oil company tankers case" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
42. Union Bridge Company Claim Embracing mainstream international law, this section on union bridge company claim explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "union bridge company claim" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
43. Freight Forwarding Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
44. Mode of Transportation Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
45. Transshipment The act of passing cargo from one carrier to another to continue the journey in those cases where the first carrier does not go from origin of a shipment to destination.......
46. Certificate Receipt Forwarder's Certificate Receipt in International Trade Meaning of FCR (Forwarder's Certificate Receipt), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A receipt for shipped goods tendered by a carrier (such as a dock receipt, or marine, air or ground transport [...]...
47. Sea Waybill Sea Waybill in International Trade Meaning of Sea Waybill, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A transport document for maritime shipment which serves as evidence of the contract of carriage and as a receipt for the goods, but is not a document of title. The [...]...
48. Regional Integration Regional Integration and Preferential Trade This section provides an overview of regional integration and preferential trade within the legal context of Most-Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN) in international economic law, with coverage of Non-Discrimination in Trade of Goods and Services [...]...
49. Domestic Policy Space Recognised Policies Protecting Domestic Policy Space in International Economic Law In international economic law, recognised policies protecting domestic policy space includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> Public Morals Environmental Protection [...]...
50. Handling Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
51. Logistics Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
52. Packaging Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
53. Value Chains Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
54. Accommodation Road Resources See Also Easement...
55. Fork-in-the-Road Provisions This section provides an overview of fork-in-the-road provisions within the legal context of The Role of the Domestic Courts in international economic law, with coverage of Adjudication and Enforcement (Principles). Resources Further Reading August Reinisch, "Fork-in-the-Road [...]...
56. 1958 Convention: Road map to article II Contents 1958 Convention: Road map to article II When seised of challenges to the validity of an arbitration agreement for ... Read more...
57. International Road Transportation Convention International Road Transportation Convention in International Trade Meaning of International Road Transportation Convention, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage by Road was adopted in Geneva in [...]...
58. Transport Roll-on/Roll-off (RoRo) in International Trade Meaning of Roll-on/roll-off (roro), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A combination of road and sea transport, where loaded road vehicles are driven on to a ferry or ship (roll-on/roll-off ship) and off at the [...]...
59. Sea Transport Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to sea transport in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
60. Goods Transport Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
61. Inland Transport Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
62. International Transport International Transport Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
63. TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
64. Transport Worker Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
65. Workers Transport Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
66. Means of Transport Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
67. Transport Equipment Resources See Also Transport Transportation Means Transport Law Transport Contract...
68. Urban Transport Resources See Also Urban Issues Urban Planning Urbanization Zoning Law Transport...
69. Carriage of Goods by Road, Rail and Inland Waterways Carriage of Goods by Road, Rail and Inland Waterways in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to carriage of goods by road, rail and inland waterways on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues [...]...
70. Inland Water Transport Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard Transport...
71. Transport Conventions Contents Transport Conventions Main Conventions: Protocol to the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road ... Read more...
72. Water Transport Contents Water Transport Water Transport Conventions and International Agreements List of international instruments dealing with water transport: Convention relating to ... Read more...
73. Multimodal Transport The movement of goods by more than one mode, or type, of transport, for example, a movement by truck to a pier, then by ship to a foreign port, and finally by rail to the customer.......
74. Through Transport Club The common name for the Through Transport Mutual Insurance Association Limited, a mutual insurance fund of firms in the container or unit load industry. The insureds are member firms, and the membership is derived from three main groups: vessel owners and charterers, container terminal operators, an......
75. CIM Transport Document CIM Transport Document in International Trade Meaning of Cim Transport Document, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An internationally standardized freight document issued in rail transport. CIM stands for "Convention Internationale concernant le [...]...
76. CMR Transport Document CMR Transport Document in International Trade Meaning of Cmr Transport Document, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): This document, also know as CMR consignment note, constitutes a proof of the contract of carriage by road, determines the scope and [...]...
77. Intermodal Transport Intermodal Transport in International Trade Meaning of Intermodal Transport, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The coordinated transport of freight, especially in connection with relatively long-haul movements using any combination of freight forwarders, [...]...
78. Transport Law Commercial Trade and Transport Law Contents of Commercial Trade and Transport Law Contents of this subject matter include: Introduction and overview Regulation of commercial shipping: International Regulation of commercial shipping: Australia Maritime law concepts Carriage by sea: [...]...
79. Air Transport Arbitration France–United States Air Transport Arbitration Embracing mainstream international law, this section on france–united states air transport arbitration explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "france–united states [...]...
80. Transport Policy Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
81. Air Transport Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
82. Combined Transport Document A bill of lading issued by a combined transport operator (read this and related legal terms for further details) covering shipment of goods by more than one mode of transport. The document specifies the point at which th......
83. Combined Transport Operator A common carrier providing multimodal transport services. These services may involve movement of the goods by several modes (e.g., rail, water, motor), with one portion of the shipment actually performed by the carrier issuing the bill of lading and other portions subcontracted out.......
84. International Air Transport Association International Air Transport Association Outline The IATA was founded in 1945 in Havana under the agreement of the 1944 International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago. The IATA replaced the International Air Traffic Association set up in 1919 in The Hague. It is a non-governmental [...]...
85. Common Transport Policy Common transport policy and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Common transport policy provided by the European Union Commission: The goal of the common transport policy is to remove obstacles at the borders between Member States so as to facilitate the free movement of persons [...]...
86. Clean Transport Document Clean Transport Document in International Trade Meaning of Clean Transport Document, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A receipt for goods without any adverse notation indicating damage or shortage, issued by a carrier. Goods covered by clean transport [...]...
87. Foul Transport Document Foul Transport Document in International Trade Meaning of Foul Transport Document, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A receipt for shipped hoods tendered by a carrier (such as a dock receipt), or marine, air or ground transport document) that indicates [...]...
88. Multimodal Transport Document Multimodal Transport Document in International Trade Meaning of Multimodal Transport Document, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A document issued or signed by a carrier indicating carriage by more than one means of transportation. For example, a [...]...
89. Land Transport Services This section provides an overview of land transport services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas)....
90. Maritime Transport Services This section provides an overview of maritime transport services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas)....
91. Seawaybills and Other Transport Documents Seawaybills and Other Transport Documents in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to seawaybills and other transport documents on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens [...]...
92. Combined Transport Bill Of Lading A bill of lading covering movement of goods through more than one carrier, and perhaps through several modes of transport (water, air, rail, motor). The issuer of a combined transport bill of lading assumes responsibility for the goods throughout the journey until final destination, but his legal li......
93. Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading in International Trade Meaning of Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Bill of lading for carriage whenever there are at last two different forms of transport, such as shipping by rail [...]...
94. Air Transport Services Agreement Arbitration Embracing mainstream international law, this section on air transport services agreement arbitration explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "air transport services agreement arbitration" in the Parry and [...]...
95. International Transport Workers' Federation Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration...
96. European Convention for the Protection of Animals During International Transport Contents European Convention for the Protection of Animals During International Transport   Chapter I Article 1 1. Each Contracting Party ... Read more...
97. European Convention for the Protection of Animals During International Transport 2 Contents European Convention for the Protection of Animals During International Transport   Article 12 Animals which become ill or injured ... Read more...
98. European Convention for the Protection of Animals During International Transport 3 Contents European Convention for the Protection of Animals During International Transport   Chapter V Other Mammals And Birds Article 42 ... Read more...
99. Combined Transport Combined Transport in International Trade Meaning of Combined Transport, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Consignment sent by means of various modes of transport, such as by rail and by ocean....
100. Air Transport Services This section provides an overview of air transport services within the legal context of Specific Sectors in international economic law, with coverage of Trades in Services and Specific Sectors (Main Regulatory Areas). Resources Further Reading Antonia Carzaniga, "Air Transport [...]...
101. Transport Law (Uniform Law) Transport Law (Uniform Law) in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to transport law (uniform law) on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international [...]...
102. Intermodal Transport Unit Intermodal Transport Unit in International Trade Meaning of ITU (Intermodal Transport Unit), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Container or pallet suitable for multimodal transport....
103. Multimodal Transport Operator Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO) in International Trade Meaning of Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A carrier who concludes multimodal transport contracts; i.e., contract involving transport by more than one mode of [...]...
104. Convention between the USA, Great Britain, Russia and Japan for the Preservation and Protection of Fur Seals Contents Convention between the USA, Great Britain, Russia and Japan for the Preservation and Protection of Fur Seals     ... Read more...
105. Robert's Rules of Order Contents Robert’s Rules of Order General Henry M. Robert, U.S. Army In 1876 General Henry M. Robert set out to ... Read more...
106. Rotterdam Rules Contents Rotterdam Rules On 11 December 2008 The UN General Assembly adopted the “Convention of Contracts for the International Carrying ... Read more...
107. Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure Contents Title of the convention Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent ... Read more...
108. Rousseau Contents Rousseau This writer on public affairs was the supreme authority of the democrats in his time. He, to a ... Read more...
109. Root, Elihu Contents Root, Elihu Introduction Root, Elihu (1845-1937), American lawyer and political leader, was elected president of the N.Y. State Bar ... Read more...
110. Robinson List Contents Lists to avoid Advertising (Direct marketing) The Robinson List The Robinson lists or Mail Preference Service (MPS) in some ... Read more...
111. Roadstead A point off a harbor where vessels may safely anchor while awaiting berthing.......
112. Robinson-Patman Act An act of Congress, passed in 1936, as an amendment to the Clayton Act reinforcing prohibitions against discriminatory pricing practice. See antitrust.......
113. Rogue Shipowner See Piracy.......
114. Roll-On/roll-Off A method of ocean cargo service employing a vessel with ramps astern or amidships to permit wheeled vehicles to be loaded aboard. The opportunity to run cargo on and off by ramps, without the necessity of cranes or similar equipment, permits accelerated loading and unloading of the vessel, particula......
115. Rollover Ratio A measure of a nation's liquidity, reflected in the reciprocal of the average maturity of foreign debt.......
116. Roosa Bonds Bonds sold by the U.S. Treasury in the 1960s to foreign central banks for dollars as part of a Swap Arrangement (read this and related legal terms for further details) to relieve exchange rate instability. The bonds prov......
117. Routing Order A document, usually a printed form, signed by a foreign buyer instructing his supplier to effect shipments through a named freight forwarder.......
118. Royalty Rate The return that a firm receives from granting license for the use of its processes, trademarks, et cetera, to another firm.......
119. Roman Catholic Censorship Early Church Censorship: Roman Catholic CensorshipAfter the emperor Theodosius made Christianity the established religion of the empire, the Roman government and the church began to persecute both pagans and Christian heretics who deviated from orthodox doctrine or practice. The pope was re......
120. Robbery Introduction to RobberyRobbery, in criminal law, felonious act consisting of the unlawful taking, by means of violence or intimidation, of property in the possession or in the immediate presence or control of another. Robbery differs from the crime of larceny in that the latter does not inv......