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Search results for: “social causes”

  • The Problem of Social Cost 9

    The Problem of Social Cost   I have examined in considerable detail one example of a divergence be- tween private and social products and I do not propose to make any further examination of Pigou’s analytical system. But the main discussion of the prob- lem considered in this article is to be found in that…

  • The Problem of Social Cost 8

    The Problem of Social Cost   Consider a railway, which is not liable for damage by fires caused by sparks from its engines, which runs two trains per day on a certain line. Suppose that running one train per day would enable the railway to perform services worth $150 per annum and running two trains…

  • The Problem of Social Cost 8

    The Problem of Social Cost   Consider a railway, which is not liable for damage by fires caused by sparks from its engines, which runs two trains per day on a certain line. Suppose that running one train per day would enable the railway to perform services worth $150 per annum and running two trains…

  • The Problem of Social Cost 3

    The Problem of Social Cost   I have said that the occupation of a neighbouring property by a cattle- raiser would not cause the amount of production, or perhaps more exactly the amount of planting, by the farmer to increase. In fact, if the cattle-raising has any effect, it will be to decrease the amount…

  • Subcultural Theories

    Environmental and Social Theories of Crime: Social Causes: Subcultural TheoriesIntroduction to Subcultural TheoriesWhile social-structural or strain theories assume that people share similar values and differ only with respect to access to resources, subcultural theories assume tha…

  • Criminology

    Introduction to Criminology According to Encarta, "Criminology, the scientific study of criminals and criminal behavior. Criminologists attempt to build theories that explain why crimes occur and test those theories by observing behavior. Criminological theories help shape society's […]

  • Migration

    Migration Definition Migration may be defined as the movement of people, especially of whole groups, from one place, region, or country to another, particularly with the intention of making permanent settlement in a new location. See more definitions about migration in the law dictionary. […]

  • Migration

    Migration Definition Migration may be defined as the movement of people, especially of whole groups, from one place, region, or country to another, particularly with the intention of making permanent settlement in a new location. See more definitions about migration in the law dictionary. […]

  • Personality Theories

    Psychological Theories of Crime: Personality TheoriesIntroduction to Personality TheoriesPersonality theories attempt to explain how people acquire predispositions toward certain behavior. These predispositions are sometimes discussed in terms of personality traits, such as impulsi…

  • Modern Criminology

    Development of Criminology: Modern CriminologyIntroduction to Modern CriminologyAt the beginning of the 19th century, scholars began to apply the concepts and technologies of the rapidly developing biological and behavioral sciences to the study of crime. For the first time crimino…

  • Moral Development Theories

    Psychological Theories of Crime: Moral Development TheoriesIntroduction to Moral Development TheoriesCriminologists who apply moral development theories build on the pioneering work done by Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget. According to Piaget, children evolve through four stages of …

  • Neurological Abnormalities

    Biological Theories of Crime: Neurological AbnormalitiesIntroduction to Neurological AbnormalitiesThe second major type of biological theory of criminality emphasizes the role of neurological factors. Studies in this area focus on abnormalities in brain functioning that reduce inhi…

  • Independent Criminology

    Development of Criminology: Independent CriminologyIntroduction to Independent CriminologyIn the late 1960s and early 1970s criminology began to emerge from the more established social sciences and became a discipline in its own right. The number of instructional programs in crimin…

  • Crime Genetic Factors

    Biological Theories of Crime: Genetic FactorsIntroduction to Crime Genetic FactorsThe evidence for an association between genetic makeup and criminality comes from empirical studies of identical twins (who have the same genetic makeup) and adopted children (who are genetically diss…

  • Criminal Opportunity

    Criminology: Theories of Criminal OpportunityIntroduction to Criminal OpportunityIn the mid-1970s American sociologists Marcus Felson, Lawrence Cohen, and others changed the focus of criminological theory from explaining criminal motivation to explaining the occurrence of criminal …