Search results for: “industrial extension”
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Nuclear Suppliers Group
Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) The Nuclear Suppliers Group is a group of nuclear supplier countries that seeks to contribute to the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons through the implementation of two sets of Guidelines for nuclear exports and nuclear-related exports. The Nuclear Suppliers Group Guidelines also contain the so-called “Non-Proliferation Principle,” adopted in 1994, whereby a…
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Amici Curiae in NAFTA Cases
Public attention to cases brought under NAFTA Chapter Eleven has grown commensurately with the increased numbers of those cases. While media coverage has increased, most of that attention stems from particular interest groups. Many of these groups are not satisfied with newspaper reports or government-supplied information available on the internet, but wish to participate more…
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International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law
International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law (IECL) is a multivolumen (17-volume Encyclopedia), one of the well-known law works, a much-cited reference work, and an ambitious project that brings together works from leading scholars in comparative law. Maybe because its ambition it is somewhat dated. The International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law appears…
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International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law
International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law (IECL) is a multivolumen (17-volume Encyclopedia), one of the well-known law works, a much-cited reference work, and an ambitious project that brings together works from leading scholars in comparative law. Maybe because its ambition it is somewhat dated. The International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law appears…
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Exhaustion
Exhaustion and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Exhaustion: Refers to the doctrine that protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) is "exhausted" or confined […]
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History of Women’s Rights in the 20th Century
History of Women’s Rights in the 20th Century Women’s in the 20th-Century Developments Socialists Movements and Communism Governments After wars and revolutions in Russia (1917) and China (1949), new Communist governments discouraged the patriarchal family system and supported sexual equality, including birth control. In the Soviet Union, however, the majority of working women held low-paid…
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Objections to Property
Objections to Property <h2Objections to Property in 1889 The following information about Objections to Property is from the Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States by the Best American and European Writers: “Property triumphed with liberty, one of the forms of which it is. It was just the…
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International Political Economy
Introduction to International Political EconomyInternational Political Economy, field of study that deals with the interaction of politics and economics among the world's nations. The most important of these interactions concerns foreign trade. Students of international political econom…
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Adam Smith
The Doctrine of Adam SmithBeginnings of Modern CapitalismThe ideas of Adam Smith represented more than just the first systematic treatise on economics; they were a frontal attack on the doctrines of mercantilism. Like the physiocrats, Smith tried to show the existence of a "na…
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Modern Cities
Modern CitiesA notable trend of the 19th and 20th centuries has been the constant growth of urban communities at the expense of rural districts. City populations represent an increasing proportion of the total national populations not only in highly industrialized nations but also in agrari…
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History of Working Time
History of Working Time Regulations History of Working Time until 1920 The decade following 1910 witnessed a rapid advance and extension in the already widespread movement in favour of the reduction of the hours of labour. This was mainly due, apart from general trade-union pressure, firstly to the repercussions of the World War and of…
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History of Labor Legislation
History of Labor Legislation Introduction In comparing legislation affecting factories, mines, shops and truck in the chief industrial countries of the continent with that of Great Britain, it is essential to a just view that inquiry should be extended beyond the codes themselves to the general social order and system of law and administration in…
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History of Nationalization
History of Nationalization Introduction The fact that “Nationalization” had become in 1916-21 one of the burning political questions of the day is unfortunate as regards arriving at a clear appraisal of its principles, for, from the outset, it is difficult for a writer to avoid a certain bias in approaching its discussion. Yet Nationalization of…
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History of the International Labour Organization
History of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Origins of the ILO An important part of the scheme for a League of Nations embodied in the Peace Treaty of Versailles in 1919 involved the creation of a new International Labour Organization. The Labour part of the Treaty (Part XIII.) rested on the principle laid down in…