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Search results for: “deterrent”

  • International Alliances

    International Alliances ALLIANCES AND SUPERPOWER DOMINANCE, 1964-1968 The second half of the 1960s was a time of parallel crises for the two military alliances, NATO and the Warsaw Pact, in both of which superpower dominance was at issue. For the first time since the onset of the Cold War, the loosening of the Kremlin leadership…

  • Arms Control Issues

    Arms Control, Disarmament and Nonproliferation in 2013 (Continuation) United States views on international law [1] in relation to Arms Control, Disarmament and Nonproliferation: Coinciding with President Obama's speech in Berlin, the White House released a fact sheet on the nuclear […]

  • Antiterrorism Efforts

    General Concerns Criticism about anti-terrorism legislation and other measures in the United States, Canada and other countries focussed on three main areas: general concerns about the scope and effectiveness of these initiatives, violations of civil liberties, and invasions of […]

  • Antiterrorism Efforts

    General Concerns Criticism about anti-terrorism legislation and other measures in the United States, Canada and other countries focussed on three main areas: general concerns about the scope and effectiveness of these initiatives, violations of civil liberties, and invasions of […]

  • Nuclear Nonproliferation

    Nuclear Nonproliferation in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On May 10, 2011, Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Ellen Tauscher addressed the Arms Control […]

  • Nuclear Nonproliferation

    Nuclear Nonproliferation in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On May 10, 2011, Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Ellen Tauscher addressed the Arms Control […]

  • Abolition of Capital Punishment

    Abolition of Capital Punishment History With the mitigation of the law as to punishment, agitation against the theory of capital punishment has lost much of its force. But many European and American writers, and some English writers and associations, advocate the The question of abolition. total abolition of the death punishment. The ultimate argument of…

  • Deterrance

    Focused Deterrence Strategies Focused deterrence strategies attempt to influence the criminal behavior of individuals through the strategic application of enforcement and social service resources to facilitate desirable behaviors. The Boston Gun Project The Operation Ceasefire Further Reading Abt, T., & Winship, C. (2016). What works in reducing community violence. Washington, DC: United States Agency for…

  • Punishment Goals

    Goals of Criminal PunishmentIntroduction to Punishment GoalsThe major driving force underlying all punishment is revenge, also referred to as retribution. The word retribution derives from a Latin word meaning "to pay back." In retaliation for wrongdoing, societies seek t…

  • Classical Criminology

    Development of Criminology: Classical CriminologyIntroduction to Classical CriminologyThe issues of crime and punishment have aroused interest and discussion since ancient times. Scriptures dating from the 10th century bc prohibit certain acts and provide consequences for those who…

  • Death Penalty Debate Effectiveness

    Capital Punishment The Death Penalty Debate EffectivenessEarly opponents of capital punishment also argued that inflicting death was not necessary to control crime and properly punish wrongdoers. Instead, alternative punishment-such as imprisonment-could effectively isolate criminals from t…

  • Death Penalty Debate

    Death Penalty Debate Capital Punishment: the Death Penalty Debate The practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration…

  • Development of Criminology

    Development of Criminology The discipline of criminology has evolved in three phases, beginning in the 18th century. Although crime and criminals have been around for as long as societies have existed, the systematic study of these phenomena did not begin until the late 1700s. Prior to that time, most explanations of crime equated it with…

  • WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty 3

    WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty   Article 19 Obligations concerning Rights Management Information (1) Contracting Parties shall provide adequate and effective legal remedies against any person knowingly performing any of the following acts knowing, or with respect to civil remedies having reasonable grounds to know, that it will induce, enable, facilitate or conceal an infringement…

  • The Law's Voice

    Main source: Duff, Antony, “Theories of Criminal Law”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . The Law’s Voice On some accounts, the law is not addressed to the citizens at all: it is, rather, addressed to the courts, laying down what actions they should take (what punishments…