Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Nutrition Hierarchical Display of Nutrition Social Questions > HealthTrade > Consumption > Consumption > Food expenditureTrade > Consumption > Consumer > Consumer behaviour > Eating habitsSocial Questions > Health > Illness > Nutritional diseaseInternational Organisations > United [...]...
2. Food Chemistry Hierarchical Display of Food chemistry Agri-Foodstuffs > Agri-foodstuffs > Agri-foodstuffsSocial Questions > Health > Nutrition > Foodstuffs legislationAgri-Foodstuffs > Food technology > Food technologyAgri-Foodstuffs > Food technology > Food additiveScience > Natural and [...]...
3. Economy Related Fields Related topics include: International Economic Law Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Economy Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Foreign Direct Investment Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Economic Law Find this subject in this [...]...
4. Underground Economy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
5. Carcinogenic Substance Hierarchical Display of Carcinogenic substance Environment > Deterioration of the environment > Nuisance > Dangerous substanceSocial Questions > Health > Nutrition > Foodstuffs legislationSocial Questions > Health > Illness > CancerEnergy > Coal and mining industries > Mining [...]...
6. Food Production Hierarchical Display of Food production Agri-Foodstuffs > Agri-foodstuffs > Agri-foodstuffsSocial Questions > Health > Nutrition > Foodstuffs legislationAgri-Foodstuffs > Foodstuff > FoodstuffAgriculture, Forestry And Fisheries > Agricultural activity > Crop production > [...]...
7. Perishable Goods Hierarchical Display of Perishable goods Agri-Foodstuffs > Foodstuff > FoodstuffSocial Questions > Health > Nutrition > Foodstuffs legislationAgri-Foodstuffs > Food technology > Food technology > Food preservingTrade > Distributive trades > StorageSocial Questions > Health > [...]...
8. Pay Policy Hierarchical Display of Pay policy Employment And Working Conditions > Personnel management and staff remunerationEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Austerity policyEconomics > Economic policy > Economic policy > Incomes policy Pay policy Concept of Pay policy See the [...]...
9. Geographical Distribution Hierarchical Display of Geographical distribution Economics > Economic analysis > StatisticsIndustry > Industrial structures and policy > Industrial policy > Location of industrySocial Questions > Demography and population > DemographySocial Questions > Migration > Migration > [...]...
10. Elimination of Illiteracy Hierarchical Display of Elimination of illiteracy Education And Communications > Education > Education policySocial Questions > Social affairs > Social problem > IlliteracyEducation And Communications > Teaching > General education > Basic educationEducation And Communications > [...]...
11. Therapeutic Abortion Description of Therapeutic Abortion Resources See Also Abortion Birth Control...
12. Market Economy Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism...
13. Traceability Hierarchical Display of Traceability Production, Technology And Research > Research and intellectual property > Research > Research method > Qualitative analysisProduction, Technology And Research > Research and intellectual property > Research > Nutrition > Foodstuffs [...]...
14. Knowledge Economy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
15. Local Authority Finances Hierarchical Display of Local authority finances Finance > Public finance and budget policy > Public financePolitics > Executive power and public service > Public administration > Local governmentFinance > Taxation > Tax > Local tax Local authority finances Concept of Local authority [...]...
16. Chemical Pollution Hierarchical Display of Chemical pollution Environment > Deterioration of the environment > PollutionIndustry > Chemistry > Chemical industryIndustry > Chemistry > Chemical industry > Chemical accident Chemical pollution Concept of Chemical pollution See the dictionary definition of [...]...
17. Industrial Policy Industrial Policy and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Industrial Policy: A program of selective government interventions designed to change the sectoral composition of a country's economy [...]...
18. Social Economy Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State...
19. Post Office Post Office in U.S. Constitutional Law A list of entries related to Post Office may be found, under the Post Office subject group, in the United States constitutional law platform of the American legal encyclopedia....
20. Cyclone Hierarchical Display of Cyclone Environment > Deterioration of the environment > Degradation of the environment > Natural disaster Concept of Cyclone See the dictionary definition of Cyclone. Characteristics of Cyclone [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of Cyclone Spanish: Ciclón [...]...
21. Standard Industrial Classification SIC (Standard Industrial Classification) and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of SIC (Standard Industrial Classification): The basic system used by the US Commerce Department to categorize similar [...]...
22. Quota Rents Quota Rents and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Quota Rents: The increase in profits that accrue to an import dealer (under an import quota) or an exporting firm (under an export quota or [...]...
23. Seats Allocation of Seats in Election Law Distribution of seats obtained by a party or list of independent candidates, based on the number of votes obtained by each party or individual candidate. Depending on the electoral system in place, the allocation of seats can be subject to complex [...]...
24. Industrial Targeting Industrial Targeting and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Industrial Targeting: Selection by a government of industries deemed imponant to the evolution of the economy, and encouraging their [...]...
25. Post-tender-negotiation Post-tender-negotiation (PTN) in International Trade Meaning of Post-tender-negotiation (ptn), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A practice the public sector uses to negotiate better terms after receiving formal tenders and before awarding contracts....
26. Voting Age Voting Age in Election Law Minimum legal age that a person must reach in order to be eligible to vote. The age is usually 18 but may vary from one country to another. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
27. Proportional Representation Introduction to Proportional Representation Proportional Representation, electoral system designed to produce legislative bodies in which the number of seats held by any group or party is proportional to the number of votes cast for members of that group during the most recent election. The [...]...
28. Post-classical Period Post-Classical Period to the Corpus Juris Civilis (3rd to 6 th Century) Resources See Also Civil Code History Codification History Historical Developments Sources Of Law Law Making Institutions...
29. Post-Medieval Roman Law The Legal History of Medieval And Post-Medieval Roman Law: Courts and CasesThis section provides an overview of Medieval And Post-Medieval Roman Law: Courts and Cases ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Medieval And Post-Medieval [...]...
30. Nonmarket Economy Essentially, an economy that is centrally planned, i.e., allocation of resources is directed by a governmental authority, rather than by market forces. For purposes of trade reporting and other reasons, the U.S. government defines the following states as nonmarket economies:China Bulgari......
31. Industrial Concentration Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
32. Parliamentary Immunity Hierarchical Display of Parliamentary immunity Politics > Parliament > Member of ParliamentPolitics > Politics and public safety > Politics > Status of the person elected Parliamentary immunity Concept of Parliamentary immunity See the dictionary definition of Parliamentary immunity. [...]...
33. Industrial Competitiveness Index A measure of the relative competitiveness of various nations' industrial exports, derived by adjusting the effective exchange rate for a given nation's currency against that of a competitor nation after adjusting for the inflation of wholesale prices of nonfood manufacturers.......
34. Steady State Economy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
35. Ex Post Facto Law Introduction to Ex Post Facto LawEx Post Facto Law, in criminal law, a law enacted or decreed after an act has been committed that may be illegal as a result of the new law but was not illegal at the time it was committed. Ex post facto laws may also retroactively increase the punishment of......
36. EU Member State Hierarchical Display of EU Member State Geography > Economic geographyEuropean Union > European construction > European Union Concept of EU Member State See the dictionary definition of EU Member State. Characteristics of EU Member State [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of EU [...]...
37. Ex Post Facto Definition of Ex Post FactoIn accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Ex Post Facto : (Latin: by a subsequent act) Describing any legal act, such as a statute, that has retrospective effect....
38. Mature Economy A developed economy in which population growth is declining and new capital investment is slowing. Mature economies tend to be highly urban and industrial. Many economists hold that limited new investment in productive capital will, over time, result in economic stagnation and high unemployment.......
39. Authoritarian Regime Hierarchical Display of Authoritarian regime Politics > Political framework > Political system Authoritarian regime Concept of Authoritarian regime See the dictionary definition of Authoritarian regime. Characteristics of Authoritarian regime [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources Translation of [...]...
40. Holding Company Holding Company in International Trade Meaning of Holding Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Holding companies are corporations that are created for the sole purpose of obtaining and managing a controlling interest in other companies. There are [...]...
41. Industrial Capital Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
42. Industrial Investment Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
43. Industrial Restructuring Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
44. Parallel Economy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
45. Shadow Economy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
46. Voting Preference Voting in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: A ranked ballot or preferential voting system is a type of voting system in which each voter casts their vote by ranking candidates in order of preference. 'Bandwagon' Voting in Election Law Voting for [...]...
47. Industrial Sector Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
48. Industrial Structure Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
49. Social Market Economy Social Market Economy and Europe There is an entry on social market economy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Social Market Economy" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
50. Industrial Property Summary of Industrial Property Intangible property such as patents and trademarks.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Spanish Translation of industrial property This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to industrial property and / or a definition of this [...]...
51. Centrally Planned Economy An economy in which basic economic decisions are made by a central planning commission or a similar state agency. Price mechanism does not determine the allocation of resources; instead the planning agency assesses resource availability and reports this to the level of government that determines pri......
52. United Nations Industrial Development Organization Introduction to United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), international agency established by the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) in 1966 to promote industrialization in developing nations. The organization offers [...]...
53. Personal Data Hierarchical Display of Personal data Education And Communications > Information technology and data processing > Data processingEuropean Union > EU institutions and European civil service > EU body > European Data Protection SupervisorSocial Questions > Health > Medical science > [...]...
54. Industrial Unión Industrial unión in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Industrial unión provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A union whose membership is composed of workers in a particular industry, regardless of their profession or skill level. See company unión Resources [...]...
55. Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 8 Contents Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these ... Read more...
56. Economic Structure Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
57. Electorate Introduction to ElectorateElectorate, term applied to all of the eligible voters in a political democracy. If a substantial majority of the mature citizens of a community are allowed to participate in elections, and if no compulsion or restraint is involved in voting, that community is cons......
58. Voting System Mixed Voting System in Election Law A system which combines elements of majoritarian and proportional representation systems. There are two kinds of mixed systems: parallel systems and Mixed Member Proportional Systems. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
59. Agro-Industrial Complex A national economy in which sustained and significant efforts are directed toward increasing agricultural productivity. Inherent to success of the program is a significant contribution of the national wealth to agricultural projects and vigorous efforts on the part of industries that provide inputs ......
60. Bank-Post Remittance A settlement of a matured bill of exchange sent by a commercial bank to the foreign maker of the bill. A bank check is the customary form of remittance.......
61. Imperiali Quota Imperiali Quota in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: The Imperiali quota is a formula used to calculate the minimum number, or quota, of votes required to capture a seat in some forms of single transferable vote or largest remainder method partylist proportional [...]...
62. Postal Ballot Resources See Also Electoral System Electoral College Voting...
63. Political Behavior Political Science: Fields in Political Science: Political BehaviorIntroduction to Political BehaviorPolitical behavior involves the study of how people involve themselves in political processes and respond to political activity. The field emphasizes the study of voting behavior, wh......
64. Industrial Planning Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law...
65. Electoral System Electoral System in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: The structures and processes necessary to hold an election including the electoral laws, system of appointment, redistribution and voting. Electoral System in Election Law The part of the electoral regulations [...]...
66. Mixed Economy Summary of Mixed Economy An economy that possesses the elements of both public and private ownership of the means of production.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism...
67. Post-conflict Peacebuilding United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office (PBSO) The Peacebuilding Support Office (PBSO) was established following the 2005 World Summit with an aim to sustain peace in conflict-affected countries by garnering international support for nationally-owned and led peacebuilding efforts. The [...]...
68. Sister Company Sister Company in International Trade Meaning of Sister Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A sister company is a company with close affiliations to another company with a separate name and personnel. Both companies are owned by the same parent and [...]...
69. Industrial Area Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
70. Industrial Aspect Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
71. Industrial Bank Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
72. Industrial Cluster Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
73. Industrial Conversion Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
74. INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
75. Industrial Engineering Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
76. Industrial Estate Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
77. Industrial Information Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
78. Industrial Management Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
79. Industrial Process Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
80. Industrial Product Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
81. Industrial Promotion Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
82. Industrial Reconstruction Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
83. Industrial Robot Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
84. Industrial Worker Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
85. Hare Quota Hare Quota in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: The Hare quota is a formula used to calculate the minimum number, or quota, of votes required to capture a seat in some forms of single transferable vote or largest remainder method partylist proportional representation [...]...
86. Black Economy Black Economy and Europe There is an entry on black economy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Black Economy" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
87. Dual Economy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
88. Rural Economy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
89. Industrial Waste Resources See Also Industrial Production Industrial Property Regulation...
90. Planned Economy Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism...
91. Command Directed Economy An economy in which the questions of which goods are to be produced, how they will be produced, and who will receive them are established by governmental fiat. See Centrally Planned Economy.......
92. Shell Company A "paper" company, usually operated without employees. Normally an attorney or other local agent or management company performs the legal duties of the company on behalf of the stockholders. Shell companies often operate in tax-free or low- tax jurisdictions such as Bermuda, Liechtenstein,......
93. Research Policy Resources See Also Government Government Contract Local Government Public Administration Administrative Law Public Law...
94. Council of Europe Countries Hierarchical Display of Council of Europe countries Geography > Political geographyInternational Organisations > European organisations > European organisation > Council of Europe Council of Europe countries Concept of Council of Europe countries See the dictionary definition of Council of [...]...
95. Military Voting Military Voting in Election Law In some countries, members of the military are allowed to vote. Given that they are often based far from their electoral constituencies, polling centres are sometimes set up inside military bases. In other cases, military personnel vote by mail or proxy. This [...]...
96. Closed Economy The economy of an isolated area that engages in virtually no trade beyond its own borders. This condition is usually the product of geographic remoteness rather than design. See also AUTARCHY.......
97. Green Economy Green Economy (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Green Economy means: as one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. A green economy can be thought of as one which is low carbon, [...]...
98. Voice Vote Introduction to Voice VoteVoice Vote, vote that is tallied by the vocal responses of its participants. Voice voting is accomplished either by a general count of "ayes" versus "nays" or by asking each participant one by one to announce his or her vote, a procedure that is......
99. Industrial Law Industrial and Labor Law Contents of Industrial and Labor Law Contents of this subject matter include:What is Labor law? Sources of Labor law; regulatory bodies; industrial organizations Purposes and Theories of Labor law The History and Constitutional Basis of American Labor Law Employment [...]...
100. Control of the Economy Totalitarianism The Party and its Tools Control of the EconomyIntroduction to Control of the EconomyThe centrally controlled economy enables the totalitarian dictatorship to exploit its population for foreign conquest and world revolution. For example, all resources can be concentr......
101. Political Economy International Political Economy The Study of International Political Economy Liberalism and Mercantilism Introduction to International Political Economy: The Study of International Political Economy Liberalism and Mercantilism Advocates of liberal policies in international economics support [...]...
102. Quantitative Quota Synonymous with absolute quota. See Quota.......
103. Global Quota See Quota.......
104. Electoral Fraud Ballot Tampering in Election Law A method of electoral fraud which consists of manipulating the ballot in any manner which would invalidate the vote or alter the counting results. It may happen at different stages of the polling and counting operations. Resources See Also Election Law [...]...
105. Psephology Psephology in Election Law The study of voting and voting patterns. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
106. Group Of Twenty-Four A block of less developed nations that has called for the allocation of 45 percent of the voting quota at the international Monetary Fund (read this and related legal terms for further details) to Third World nations. Cu......
107. Parent Company Parent Company in International Trade Meaning of Parent Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A parent company, sometimes called a holding company, is a corporation that has subsidiaries which are wholly or partially-owned separate businesses [...]...
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110. Industrial Property Register Spanish Translation of industrial property register and patents registerThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to industrial property register or patents register and / or a definition of this topic: Registro de la Propiedad Industrial (in Spanish, without translation [...]...
111. United International Bureaux for the Protection of Industrial, Literary, and Artistic Property and for the Protection of Intellectual Property Embracing mainstream international law, this section on united international bureaux for the protection of industrial, literary, and artistic property and for the protection of intellectual property explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further [...]...
112. Streams Streams in Election Law Separate queues formed at a polling station to organise and speed up the voting process. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
113. Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property ContentsParis Convention for the Protection of Industrial PropertyConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Paris ... Read more...
114. Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents Convention 2 Contents Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents Convention ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Prevention ... Read more...
115. Regional Security Hierarchical Display of Regional security International Relations > International security > International security Regional security Concept of Regional security See the dictionary definition of Regional security. Characteristics of Regional security [rtbs name="xxx-xxx"] Resources [...]...
116. Territorial Waters Post-World War II Disputes Introduction to Territorial Waters Post-World War II DisputesAfter World War II various countries unilaterally extended their territorial waters, thus provoking a series of international disputes. In 1952 Chile, Peru, and Ecuador claimed jurisdiction in waters up to 200 nautical mi (370.4 k......
117. Electoral Quotient Electoral Quotient in Election Law Method used to calculate the number of votes necessary to obtain a seat in a proportional representation system. It can be determined at constituency level by dividing the number of valid votes cast (V) by the number of seats (S) in the constituency, or at [...]...
118. Industrial Dispute Industrial dispute in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Industrial dispute provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A conflict between workers and employers concerning conditions of work or terms of employment. May result in industrial action. Resources Trade Union Topics Trade Union [...]...
119. Industrial Design Industrial Design in International Trade Meaning of Industrial Design, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A scheme, drawing, plan, or other depiction of a new model, shape or configuration that is decorative or ornamental. In most of the countries, the [...]...
120. Proxy Voting Proxy Voting or Vote by Proxy in Election Law Vote cast by a person on behalf of another, as stipulated by law, when he or she cannot exercise his or her right to vote in person. To vote by proxy, the voter must nominate a trusted person whom he or she delegates to vote on his or her behalf. [...]...