Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Foreign Policy COREU (CORespondance EUropéenne) and the Treaties of the European Union Description of COREU (CORespondance EUropéenne) provided by the European Union Commission: Coreu is an EU communication network between the Member States and the Commission for cooperation in the fields of [...]...
2. Medical Law Medical Law......
3. World Food Programme WFP – World Food Programme Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including World Food Programme , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including World Food Programme , Boczek, [...]...
4. Labor Law Glossary Most Popular Entries related to Labor Law Glossary Labor Law (in the World) Labor Law Outline (in the World) Labor Law Career (in the World) Labor Law Overtime (in the World) Child Labor Law (in the World) Labor Law Key Terms (in the World) Labor Law Glossary (in the World)...
5. Government Law Government ......
6. Agriculture Agriculture in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Agriculture: Counterpart committees in the industrial sector are known as ISACs. See also IFACs. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in [...]...
7. Content of Passports Authority to Determine Content of Passports to Implement Foreign Policy in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): See information on Diplomatic Relations, Succession, Continuity of States and Statehood [...]...
8. Nation Concept of Mfn An introductory definition of Mfn is provided here: Most Favoured Nation: every member is treated as well as the "most favoured one": ie: if U.S. offers low tariff to Canada on ice cubes: every other GATT member is entitled to the same treatment (see also free trade, [...]...
9. Tariff Policy Related Fields Related topics include: International Trade Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Trade Regulation Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. International Economic Law Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Export License Find this subject in [...]...
10. Forensic Science Introduction to Forensic ScienceForensic Science or Medical Jurisprudence, also called forensics, the application of science to law. Forensic science uses highly developed technologies to uncover scientific evidence in a variety of fields.Modern forensic science has a broad range of......
11. Trade In the United States For information about Trade in the context of international trade, click here Trade and the Laws of International Trade Prohibited actions Export Administration System Trade and the Laws of International Trade Intent Export Administration System American Coasting Trade: [...]...
12. Commercial Activity Commercial Activity in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Section 1605(a)(2) of the FSIA provides that a foreign state is not immune from suit in any case "in which the action is based upon a [...]...
13. Health Issues Health in 2013 (Continuation) United States views on international law [1] in relation to Health: On September 26, 2013, the 24th session of the HRC adopted, without a vote, a resolution on "the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and [...]...
14. Trade-related Issues Trade Agreements and Trade-related Issues In relation to the international law practice and other trade agreements and trade-related issues in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, and Transportation About this [...]...
15. Forensic Science and the Legal System Forensic Science: Forensic Science and the Legal SystemIntroduction to Forensic Science and the Legal SystemDistrict attorneys routinely call upon medical examiners to give expert testimony in a trial, especially concerning the findings of an autopsy and the results of laboratory t......
16. Disability The Legal History of Disability This section provides an overview of Disability Related Fields Related topics include: Disability Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Health Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Related Fields Related topics include: Social [...]...
17. Free Trade Commission Meeting of the CAFTA-DR Free Trade Commission In relation to the international law practice and Meeting of the Cafta-dr Free Trade Commission in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, Transportation About this subject: [...]...
18. Peru The Legal History of Peru This section provides an overview of Peru Implementation: United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement ("ptpa") In relation to the international law practice and Implementation: United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement ("ptpa") in this world [...]...
19. Multinational Concept of Multinational An introductory definition of Multinational is provided here: Involving more than two nations. The term multinational can be contrasted with binational or bilateral (only two) or unilateral (only one). Concept of Multinational Note: explore also the meaning of this [...]...
20. Finance Literature Review on Finance: Activity-Based Costing (ABC) In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Thomas Buttross and George Schmelzle provide the following summary about the topic of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in Finance: This entry is meant to provide the [...]...
21. Industries Sunrise vs Sunset Industries and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Sunrise vs Sunset Industries. The term "sunrise" refers to industries with the greatest potential for growth and [...]...
22. Foreign Debt Foreign Debt and Human Rights in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On March 24, 2011, the United States voted against a Human Rights Council resolution extending the mandate of the independent expert [...]...
23. Trade Promotion Agreements U.S.-colombia Trade Promotion Agreement in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to U.s.-colombia Trade Promotion Agreement: (1) Environmental Cooperation Agreement On April 19, 2013, the United States and Colombia signed the U.S.-Colombia Environmental Cooperation [...]...
24. Aged Contents Aged Aged Workers and People Related Fields Related topics include: Social Protection Find this subject in this World legal ... Read more...
25. Development Economics Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to development economics in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
26. World Food Council WFC – World Food Council Further ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including World Food Council , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including World Food Council , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam [...]...
27. Occupation Related Fields Related topics include: Educational Appraisal Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Educational Assessment Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Education Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Occupation Find this subject in this World [...]...
28. Fao Fao Fao (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Fao means: is a food and agriculture organization, founded in 1945. Covers questions of food resources and agricultural development in order to improve the lives of the peoples of the world. Embracing mainstream international law, this [...]...
29. Foreign Relations Cross References of Foreign Relations in International Law Immigration and nationality, information on Nationality, Citizenship and Immigration in this legal Encyclopedia. International tribunals, information on International Criminal Law in this legal Encyclopedia.C. Protection of migrants, [...]...
30. Zivotofsky Zivotofsky in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): See Ch. 9.C. In relation to the international law practice and Zivotofsky in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, [...]...
31. Foreign Central Banks Assets of Foreign Central Banks In relation to the international law practice and Assets of Foreign Central Banks in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Privileges, Immunities About this subject: Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act Under this topic, in the [...]...
32. Enterprises Tripartite Declaration Of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises And Social Policy A pronouncement by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office concerning the obligations of multinational firms to the workers and societies within which they operate. The declaration [...]...
33. Foreign Asset Control In the United States For information about Foreign Asset Control in the context of international trade, click here...
34. Foreign Boycotts In the United States For information about Foreign boycotts in the context of international trade, click here...
35. Foreign Aid Concept of Foreign Aid An introductory definition of Foreign Aid is provided here: Donations of money, goods, or services from one nation to another. Such donations can be made for a humanitarian, altruistic purpose, or to advance the national interests of the giving nation. While in total [...]...
36. Mckesson V Iran Mckesson v Iran in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On July 27, 2011, the United States filed a brief as amicus curiae in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in the case [...]...
37. Unemployment Unemployment (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Unemployment means: refers to all people above a specified age who are not in paid employment or self-employed, but are available for work and have taken specific steps to seek paid employment or self-employment. Long-term [...]...
38. Erste Bank Group Dismissal of the Claims Against Erste Bank Group A.g. and Mkb Bank in This Action Would be in the Foreign Policy Interest of the United States In relation to the international law practice and Dismissal of the Claims Against Erste Bank Group A.g. and Mkb Bank in This Action Would be in the [...]...
39. Family The Legal History of Family This section provides an overview of Family Family (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Family means: the United Nations General Assembly in its resolution 44/82 of 8 December 1989, proclaimed 1994 as the International Year of the Family (IYF) with its [...]...
40. Public Service Literature Review on Public Service In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Richard A. Loverd offers the following summary about the topic of Public Service: Public service can be analyzed as a place of employment or an attitude. While the challenges are great, [...]...
41. Countries Sanctioned Countries Sanctioned and the Laws of International Trade Countries or entities currently subject to sanctions by the United States: Burma International Trade Control Legislation Countries currently subject to sanctions by the United States: The Iranian Assets Control Regulations: [...]...
42. Collective Rights Definition of Collective Rights Within the context of international human rights, the following is a brief meaning of collective rights: The rights of groups to protect their interests and identities. Related Fields Related topics include: Community Find this subject in this World legal [...]...
43. UN Agencies Related Fields Related topics include: International Organization Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Foreign Relations Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Organization Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. United Nations Find this subject in this [...]...
44. World Trade Organization Functions World Trade Organization In relation to the international law practice and world trade organization in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, and Transportation About this subject:WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement [...]...
45. Free Trade Zone Spanish Translation of free trade zoneThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to free trade zone and / or a definition of this topic: Zona de Libre Comercio (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
46. Export Controls Export Controls and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Controls: Regulations or restrictions applied to exports by the government of the exporting country to limit [...]...
47. National Security Entry-Exit Registration System Elimination of National Security Entry-Exit Registration System (NSEERS) In relation to the international law practice and Elimination of National Security Entry-exit Registration System (nseers) in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, [...]...
48. Visa Agreements Visa Agreement Between the United States and Russia In relation to the international law practice and Visa Agreement Between the United States and Russia in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Foreign Relations About this subject: Constitutionality of State [...]...
49. State Court Removal From State Court of Case Related to an Arbitration In relation to the international law practice and Removal From State Court of Case Related to an Arbitration in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Diplomatic Relations, Succession, Continuity of States, [...]...
50. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
51. World Food Program Introduction to World Food ProgramWorld Food Program (WFP), unit of the United Nations, created in 1961 by the General Assembly as a three-year experimental project of the UN and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN. In 1965 the assembly voted to extend the program "fo......
52. Education Policy Related Fields Related topics include: Education Policy Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Training Policy Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Related Fields Related topics include: Government Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Government [...]...
53. State Officials Immunity of Foreign Officials In relation to the international law practice and immunity of foreign officials in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Privileges and Immunities About this subject:President Zedillo of Mexico Note: there is detailed [...]...
54. Terrorist Organizations Designation of Foreign Terrorist Organizations and Related Issues In relation to the international law practice and Designation of Foreign Terrorist Organizations and Related Issues in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, International [...]...
55. Employment Law Start a New Job or Losing a Job The Legal History of Labor and Employment Law This section provides an overview of Labor and Employment Law. Internet and Employment Law Intersection and the Electronic Commerce Related Fields Related topics include: Educational Appraisal Find this [...]...
56. Unfair Trade Practices Unfair Trade Practices and the Laws of International Trade Executive review of unfair trade practices: Background Unfair Trade and Import Competition Regulation Procedure: Initiation of investigation The investigation Monitoring Recent developments The escape clause: [...]...
57. Political Question Doctrine In the United States For information about Political question doctrine in the context of international trade, click here Alaska v. Kerry: Act of State and Political Question Doctrines in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Alaska v. Kerry: Act of State and [...]...
58. Economic Development Economic Development of Society (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Economic Development of Society means: is a multidimensional process, covering economic growth, structural changes in economy, improvement of conditions and quality of life. Legal Issues in the Third World’s [...]...
59. Community Literature Review on Corrections Administration: Community In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Danielle S. Rudes and Kimberly Meyer provide the following summary about the topic of Corrections Administration: Community: Traditionally, community corrections [...]...
60. Family Responsibilities Related Fields Related topics include: Social Protection Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Social Security Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Employment Affairs Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Welfare State Find this subject in this World [...]...
61. Fishery Related Fields Related topics include: Fishery Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Fisheries Law Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Fishing License Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. United States Report to Congress on Implementation of Title [...]...
62. Right to Adequate Food This section provides an overview of right to adequate food within the legal context of International Economic Law and Human Rights in international economic law (Cross-Cutting Challenges). Resources Further Reading Bernard O'Connor, "Right to Adequate Food," Elgar Encyclopedia [...]...
63. Libraries Legal Materials Most large and medium sized U.S. and Canadian libraries are listed in the American Library Directory (Information Today, Inc.), available in print or online. Libweb links to the websites for thousands of libraries around the world. U.S. Depository Libraries: [...]...
64. Educational Appraisal Cross References of Educational Issues, Cultural Issues in International Law Claim for compensation for seized art (Cassirer), information on International Claims and State Responsability in this legal Encyclopedia, information on Privileges and Immunities in this legal Encyclopedia.A.2.b. [...]...
65. Un Assembly Resolutions Assembly Resolution In relation to the international law practice and Assembly Resolution in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Human Rights About this subject: Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, and Related Issues Under this topic, in [...]...
66. Labor Relations Related Fields Related topics include: Labor Relations Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Industrial Relations Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Employment Relationship Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Trade Unionism Find this subject in [...]...
67. Trade Agreements Commercial Treaties: Trade Agreements In addition to formal agreements between modern states having important economic ties with each other, less formal and durable agreements relate to such matters as tariff rates, navigation dues, customs formalities, air-transport clearance arrangements, [...]...
68. Groups Groups and Groupings in the United Nations Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Groups, H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Groups, Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) [...]...
69. Dispute Settlement Dispute Settlement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Dispute Settlement: The process of negotiation, consultation, conciliation or mediation, and resolution of [...]...
70. Trade Organizations World Trade Organization (WTO) Notion of of World Trade Organization (WTO): An international organization founded in 1995 to provide conciliation mechanisms to resolve trade conflicts between members and, if necessary, adjudicate disputes. The WTO provides a forum for ongoing negotiations in [...]...
71. Intellectual Property Policy Intellectual Property Law and Policy Contents of Intellectual Property Law and Policy Contents of this subject matter include: (Copyright Law – introduction, subsistence and exclusive rights; Copyright law – balancing the interests, dealing with copyright) Patents and Biotechnology [...]...
72. Jobs Related Fields Related topics include: Personnel Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Law Enforcement Officer Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Military Personnel Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Law Practice Management Find this subject in [...]...
73. Social Rights In relation to the social rights and constitutional law, David Landau[1] made the following observation: Social rights are the rights of people to achieve their basic human needs. In domestic constitutional orders, common social rights include the right to healthcare (right to health), [...]...
74. Sanctions United Nations Sanctions Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Sanctions , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Sanctions , Boczek, Boleslaw Adam -2005) Spanish [...]...
75. Softwood Lumber Agreement Arbitration and Related Actions Arising From the Softwood Lumber Agreement in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): The United States has availed itself of the dispute resolution provisions under the 2006 [...]...
76. South Carolina South Carolina in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On October 31, 2011, the United States filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the District of South Carolina seeking to block enforcement of [...]...
77. Complex Forensic Cases Complex Forensic Cases (Law for Biology) Contents of Complex Forensic Cases (Law for Biology) Contents of this subject matter include: Ethics, law and forensic science. Review of legal concepts. the Judicial method. Basic legal research Criminal and Tort Law for forensic scientists Examination [...]...
78. Forum Non Conveniens Dismissal Forum Non Conveniens Dismissal of Suit to Enforce Arbitral Award In relation to the international law practice and Forum Non Conveniens Dismissal of Suit to Enforce Arbitral Award in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Human Rights About this [...]...
79. Presumption of Immunity Presumption of Immunity For Foreign State Property: Rubin v. Iran In relation to the international law practice and Presumption of Immunity For Foreign State Property: Rubin v. Iran in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Privileges, Immunities About this [...]...
80. The Right to Food In relation to the the right to food and constitutional law, Mathilde Cohen[1] made the following observation: In the face of persistent chronic hunger in some regions of the world and malnutrition in others, the recognition of the right to food is on the rise. The notion of a right to [...]...
81. Act of State Act of State and Political Question Doctrines In relation to the international law practice and act of state and political question doctrines in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Foreign Relations About this subject:Alaska v. Kerry Note: there is [...]...
82. Air Pollution Land and Air Pollution and Related Issues In relation to the international law practice and land and air pollution and related issues in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Environment and Other Transnational Scientific Issues About this subject:Minamata [...]...
83. Oil-for-food Program Embracing mainstream international law, this section on oil-for-food program explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "oil-for-food program" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
84. Vehicles United States—measures Affecting Imports of Certain Passenger Vehicle and Light Truck Tyres From China (ds399) In relation to the international law practice and United States—measures Affecting Imports of Certain Passenger Vehicle and Light Truck Tyres From China (ds399) in this [...]...
85. Acts of State In the United States For information about Acts of state in the context of international trade, click here...
86. Subsidies Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and the World Trade Organization Subsidies and Countervailing Measures in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. Dispute Brought by the United States Against the European Union: Subsidies on Large Civil Aircraft (ds316) In [...]...
87. Central America Free Trade Agreements Dominican Republic-central America-united States Free Trade Agreement ("cafta-dr") in 2013 (Continuation) United States views on international law [1] in relation to Dominican Republic-central America-united States Free Trade Agreement ("cafta-dr"): TRANSPARENCY AND [...]...
88. Labor Practices Labor: Request For Arbitral Panel on Guatemala Labor Practices In relation to the international law practice and Labor: Request For Arbitral Panel on Guatemala Labor Practices in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Trade, Commercial Relations, Investment, [...]...
89. Tuna United States—measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing, and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products (ds381) In relation to the international law practice and United States—measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing, and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products (ds381) in this world legal [...]...
90. Medical Examiner Forensic Science: The Medical ExaminerIntroduction to Medical ExaminerThe medical examiner is the central figure in the forensic investigation of crimes involving a victim. It is the responsibility of the medical examiner to visit the crime scene, conduct an autopsy (an examination......
91. Africa African nations include Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Democratic Republic), Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, [...]...
92. Citizenship The Legal History of Citizenship This section provides an overview of Citizenship Cross References of Nationality, Citizenship, Immigration in International Law Real ID Act, information on International Criminal Law in this legal Encyclopedia.A.3. Constitutionality of state laws concerning [...]...
93. Avelar Avelar in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): See the discussion in section A.3.b(2) supra, for background on this case in which the United States filed a statement of interest. The section of the [...]...
94. Foreign Officials Immunity Immunity, Foreign Officials in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): In 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court held in Samantar v. Yousuf that the FSIA does not govern the immunity of foreign officials. see this [...]...
95. Standard of Living Standard of Living (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Standard of Living means: integrated index of socio-economic development, measured by aggregate data such as real per capita income, poverty rate, access to health care, the uneven growth of incomes, standards of education, [...]...
96. CFSP Embracing mainstream international law, this section on cfsp explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Common Foreign and Security Policy (cfsp) and Europe There is an entry on common foreign and security policy (cfsp) in the European legal encyclopedia. [...]...
97. Foreign Law Contents Foreign Law Foreign law and international law are distinct areas of law. Foreign law, froma an U.S. perspective, involves ... Read more...
98. Foreign Laws Contents Foreign Laws Secondary Sources: The subscription-based Foreign Law Guide: Current Sources of Codes and Basic Legislation in Jurisdictions of ... Read more...
99. Formal and Informal Law: The Role of Ethics Formal and Informal Law: The Role of Ethics “To this point the analysis has been based in the implicit assumption ... Read more...
100. Following the Rules Laid Down: A Critique of Interpretivism and Neutral Principles Contents Following the Rules Laid Down: A Critique of Interpretivism and Neutral Principles   Mark V. Tushnet Interpretivism and neutral ... Read more...
101. Foreign Service The Foreign Service Introduction to the Foreign Service Today, most nations staff their foreign services with career civil servants who are selected on the basis of competitive examinations. Until recent times, however, foreign service personnel were political appointees, often from noble [...]...
102. Footloose Industry A manufacturing operation in which the cost of transportation, either of raw materials or the finished product, is not significant, thereby eliminating the requirement that the factory be located near either raw materials or the market.......
103. Force Majeure Summary of Force Majeure A superior or irresistible force, the impact of which is to discharge parties to a contract from their obligations to perform. Examples of such conditions are acts of war, governmental edicts, or natural disasters.(Main Author: William J. Miller) [...]...
104. Tax System Summary of Forced Tax System A practice applied in some countries (most notably in Europe) in which corporate income taxes are computed by a governmental agency. Unlike the American system, under which the firm prepares its own return and computes its tax liability (subject to subsequent [...]...
105. Foreign Bill Of Exchange A bill of exchange (read here for further details) drawn in one state or country and payable in another.......
106. Foreign Corporation A corporation operating in a jurisdiction other than the one in which it was chartered. For example, a corporation chartered in France and one chartered in Connecticut would be equally foreign in New York. Occasionally the term alien corporation is applied to distinguish corporations chartered in no......
107. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act A Federal law, adopted in 1977, that forbids any U.S. company, its officers, employees, directors, agents, or major stockholders to make payments to any foreign official, candidate for office, or political party as an inducement to obtain, retain, or expand business. Violation of the act authorizes ......
108. Foreign Credit Insurance Association An association of fifty U.S. insurance companies that operates in conjunction with the EXPORT-IMPORT bank (read this and related legal terms for further details), or Eximbank, to insure commercial risks associated with e......
109. Foreign Entity Within the meaning of financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 8 (read this and related legal terms for further details) relative to accounting for foreign currency transactions, aforeign entity is an affiliate......
110. Foreign Freight Forwarder A firm, licensed by the Federal Maritime Commission, that serves as the agent of a merchant in arranging the shipment of goods by water. Among other services, the forwarder obtains vessel space, prepares documents, and arranges delivery of merchandise to the pier.The forwarder is paid a......
111. Foreign International Sales Corporation A foreign corporation controlled by a Domestic International Sales Corporation(read this and related legal terms for further details) (DISC) that satisfies the requirements of Section 993 of the Internal Reve......
112. Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act Summary of Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act An act of Congress passed in 1976 and having effect from January 19, 1977, clarifying the circumstances under which foreign states, their political subdivisions, and state-owned corporations may lose sovereign immunity and become subject to the [...]...
113. Foreign Tax Credit System A taxing scheme which permits a firm to offset income tax liabilities in its home country by applying sums paid to foreign tax authorities as credits against the domestic tax burden. For example, if an American firm doing business in Canada paid one million dollars in income taxes to the Canadian go......
114. Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act A 1982 act of Congress, constituting Title IV of the export trading company act (read this and related legal terms for further details), which amends the Sherman Act and Federal Trade Commission Act to clarify their inap......
115. Foreign Trade Organization A former instrumentality of the Soviet government charged with controlling the importation or exportation of specified products, or with providing trade-related functions such as shipping and insurance. Most of the sixty-plus FTOs in existence in the 1980s were subject to control of the Ministry of ......
116. Forfaiting A means of financing trade based upon the transfer of debt obligations arising from the sale of goods and services, usually exports. The merchant sells to the forfaiter, without recourse, the debt obligation of the foreign purchaser, usually in the form of a trade bill of exchange or promissory [...]...
117. Forty Footer An ocean container with an overall length of approximately forty feet. A standard forty-foot container has an external height of approximately eight feet. A standard forty-foot container constitutes two twenty-foot equivalent units in measuring a ship's container-carrying capacity.......
118. Forty-Forty-Twenty A provision of the Unctad Code Of Conduct For Liner Conferences (read this and related legal terms for further details) that calls for a system of cargo preference in which 40 percent of export cargoes would move on shi......
119. Forwarder's Receipt A document issued by a freight forwarder acknowledging receipt of merchandise into his custody for purposes of shipment to a specified location. This receipt is not a bill of lading and does not attest to actual shipment of the goods; accordingly, it is not acceptable under letter of credit transac......
120. Fourth Seacoast A reference to the Great Lakes as an area of maritime activity.......