Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Export Trade Certificates In the United States For information about Export trade certificates in the context of international trade, click here...
2. Export In the United States For information about Export in the context of international trade, click here Export in International Trade Meaning of Export, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): To ship an item away from a country for sale to another country. [...]...
3. Export Trading Company Export Trading Company and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export Trading Company: (Also known as an export management company.) A private firm that provides related-related services to other [...]...
4. Export Licenses In the United States For information about Export Licenses in the context of international trade, click here...
5. Extensions of Credit In the United States For information about Extensions of credit in the context of international trade, click here...
6. Export Due Diligence In the United States For information about Export due diligence in the context of international trade, click here...
7. Export Trading In the United States For information about Export Trading in the context of international trade, click here...
8. Export Administration Regulations Export Administration Regulations and the Laws of International Trade The Export Administration Regulations Export Control Compliance and Administration National security-related controls Foreign policy controls Short supply controls Jurisdiction Foreign boycotts under [...]...
9. Export Administration In the United States For information about Export Administration in the context of international trade, click here...
10. Export Control Regulations In the United States For information about Export Control Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
11. Export-lmport Bank of the United States Export-lmport Bank of the United States (Eximbank) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export-lmport Bank of the United States (Eximbank): A public corporation created by executive order of the [...]...
12. Export Control Enforcement In the United States For information about Export Control Enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
13. Export Value Summary of Export Value The price at which a foreign manufacturer customarily freely offers for sale a given product for export to the United States in the usual wholesale quantities, less export discounts, packing, and costs of preparing the goods for export. The use of this value [...]...
14. Extradition of Fugitives Extradition of Fugitive Alleging Fear of Torture In relation to the international law practice and Extradition of Fugitive Alleging Fear of Torture in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Criminal Law About this subject: Extradirion and Mutual [...]...
15. Export Control Classification Numbers In the United States For information about Export Control Classification Numbers in the context of international trade, click here...
16. Export Laws In the United States For information about Export laws in the context of international trade, click here...
17. Export Control Restrictions United States Executive Order 13224 Designations In relation to the international law practice and Executive Order 13224 Designations in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions About this subject: Imposition, [...]...
18. Export Diversification Summary of Export Diversification The movement of a nation away from the export of a single or limited number of products as the principal source of foreign exchange earnings. Export diversification programs are usually the priority objectives of small or underdeveloped nations, [...]...
19. Export Violations Export Violations and the Laws of International Trade Export violations; evidence of violations Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Post-closing discovery of an export violation If an export violation is discovered Ongoing violations Cessation of illegal activity [...]...
20. Deemed Export In the United States For information about Deemed Export in the context of international trade, click here...
21. Banking Institutions In the United States For information about Banking institutions in the context of international trade, click here...
22. Export Restraints Export Restraints and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Restraints: Also referred to as bilateral restraint agreements. Quantitative restrictions applied by exporting [...]...
23. Bank Holding Companies In the United States For information about bank holding companies in the context of international trade, click here...
24. Bank Export Services In the United States For information about Bank Export Services in the context of international trade, click here...
25. Mutual Legal Assistance Extradition and Mutual Legal Assistance In relation to the international law practice and extradition and mutual legal assistance in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Criminal Law About this subject:Extradition of Tunisian National Accused in [...]...
26. European Convention on Extradition Embracing mainstream international law, this section on european convention on extradition explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "extradition, european convention on" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
27. Export Credit Insurance Export Credit Insurance in International Trade Meaning of Export Credit Insurance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Special insurance coverage for exporters to protect against non payment by the importer (coverage may extend to certain other risks, [...]...
28. Software Export Controls In the United States For information about Software export controls in the context of international trade, click here...
29. Export Statutes In the United States For information about Export statutes in the context of international trade, click here...
30. Nonproliferation Export Controls In the United States For information about Nonproliferation export controls in the context of international trade, click here...
31. Export Manager Export Manager in International Trade Meaning of Export Manager, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An export manager serves as intermediary between foreign buyers and domestic sellers. Unlike trading companies who buy the products before selling directly [...]...
32. International Export Sanctions Sanctions Under Executive Order 13382 In relation to the international law practice and Sanctions Under Executive Order 13382 in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, International Restrictions About this subject: Imposition, [...]...
33. Economic Sanctions UN Sanctions against Iran Note: for more information, click here. United Nations Sanctions against Iran by Title, Description and Date: UN Security Council Resolution 1696: Resolution expressing the Security Council's concern about the direction of Iran's nuclear program. (July 31, [...]...
34. Export Control Compliance Export Control Compliance and the Laws of International Trade Management corporate policy statement Export Control Internal Compliance Programs Delegation of authority Product classification Screening denied/restricted parties Weapons proliferation screening Country [...]...
35. National Export Initiative In the United States For information about National Export Initiative in the context of international trade, click here...
36. Executive Order Spanish Translation of regulation and executive order This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to regulation or executive order and / or a definition of this topic: Decreto-Legislativo (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). Concept of Executive Order [...]...
37. Executive Agreements Embracing mainstream international law, this section on executive agreements explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "executive agreements" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law [...]...
38. Executive Certificate Embracing mainstream international law, this section on executive certificate explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "executive certificate" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
39. Managing Director Managing Director in International Trade Meaning of Managing Director, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A managing director is someone who is responsible for the daily operations of a company, organization, or corporate division. In some countries, the [...]...
40. Export Restrictions Export Restrictions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Restrictions: While usage varies, this term is often used to denote quantitative limits or charges on exports [...]...
41. Trade Controls In the United States For information about Trade Controls in the context of international trade, click here...
42. Export Subsidies Export Subsidies in International Trade Meaning of Export Subsidies, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Government payments, economic inducements or their financially quantifiable benefits provided to domestic producers or exporters contingent on the export [...]...
43. Principle of Non-extradition of Nationals Embracing mainstream international law, this section on principle of non-extradition of nationals explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "extradition of nationals, principle of non-" in the Parry and Grant [...]...
44. Export Duty A tax imposed on exports. This mechanism serves as a source of government revenue and is imposed by some countries on a limited number of products. Export duties are expressly forbidden by the U.S. Constitution.......
45. Information Exports In the United States For information about Information exports in the context of international trade, click here...
46. Extradition Treaties Because international extradition is not compulsory in case of lack of a formal treaty (at least for the United States traditional point of view -see Extradition History), there are hundreds of bilateral extradition treaties. No country has a network of bilateral treaties that cover all [...]...
47. Exchange Rates Multiple Exchange Rates (also known as Differential Exchange Rates) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Multiple Exchange Rates (also known as Differential Exchange Rates): [...]...
48. Exports In the United States For information about Exports in the context of international trade, click here...
49. Mutual Legal Assistance Request Extradition and Mutual Legal Assistance In relation to the international law practice and extradition and mutual legal assistance in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: International Criminal Law About this subject:Extradition Treaty with ChileNote: [...]...
50. Export Processing Zone Summary of Export Processing Zone A special type of Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details) within which certain exemptions from duties, taxes, and regulations are granted as an inducement to export-oriented manufacturing. Customarily a manufacturer within [...]...
51. Export Credits Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees: A subgroup of the OECD Trade .Committee,comprising all OECD [...]...
52. Mercantilism Mercantilism and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Mercantilism: A once-prominent economic philosophy that equated national wealth and prowess with the accumulation of gold and other [...]...
53. Deemed Exports In the United States For information about Deemed exports in the context of international trade, click here...
54. United Dredging Company (united States) V. United Mexican States United Dredging Company (united States) v. United Mexican States Embracing mainstream international law, this section on united dredging company (united states) v. united mexican states explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The [...]...
55. Export Insurance Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
56. Export Planning Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
57. Reversal of Enforcement Policy In the United States For information about Reversal of enforcement policy in the context of international trade, click here...
58. Export Contract Export Contract in International Trade Meaning of Export Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The export contract is used for the international sale of certain products (industrial supplies, raw materials, manufactured goods), which are projected [...]...
59. Exclusive Fisheries Zone Exclusive Fisheries (fishery) Zone Embracing mainstream international law, this section on exclusive fisheries (fishery) zone explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "exclusive fisheries (fishery) zone" in the [...]...
60. Argumentunder the Real Id Act and the Rule of Non-inquiry, Trinidad's Challenge to the Determination by the Secretary of State to Surrender Him for Extradition to the Philippines Is Not Justiciable. Argument under the Real id Act and the Rule of Non-inquiry, Trinidad's Challenge to the Determination by the Secretary of State to Surrender Him For Extradition to the Philippines is Not Justiciable. In relation to the international law practice and Argument under the Real id Act and the [...]...
61. Trade Barrier Summary of Trade Barrier Constraints upon the exchange of goods among nations imposed by governments; such constraints are manifested in the form of tariffs, quotas, exchange controls, and a variety of so-called nontariff barriers. Barriers usually arise to protect domestic industries, [...]...
62. Defense Export Control In the United States For information about Defense Export Control in the context of international trade, click here...
63. Director CEO in Business Meaning of CEO, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the highest-ranking manager in a corporation. He or she is in charge of growth, financial operations, and goal setting for an organization. This [...]...
64. Bank Export Services Act A 1982 act of Congress that amends Federal banking laws to permit banks to acquire equity, up to 100 percent, in Export Trading Companies. The act forms Title II of the Export Trading Company Act. See export TRADING COMPANY ACT.......
65. Defense In the United States For information about Defense in the context of international trade, click here Overlap with export administration regulations in some Countries Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Resources See Also Defense Resources See Also Further Reading Information about [...]...
66. Export Quota Export Quota and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Quota: A specific restriction or ceiling imposed by an exporting country on the value or volume of certain exports. [...]...
67. Treaty Affairs Cross References of Treaty Affairs in International Law Consular Notification and Compliance Act, information on Consular Assistence, Judicial Assistece and Related Issues in this legal Encyclopedia.A.2.c. Bermuda Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty, information on International Criminal Law in [...]...
68. Us Extradition Treaty With Thailand Criminal Case Implicating the us Extradition Treaty With Thailand in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): See discussion of United States v. Siriwan, in section B.4.d., infra. Resources See Also [...]...
69. Free Trade Area Summary of Free Trade Area An association of states that seeks to overcome impediments to trade among members by reducing or eliminating tariffs among the participants. The members of a free trade area do not maintain a common external tariff nor do they (usually) provide for the free flow [...]...
70. Countertrade A commercial arrangement in which the buyer pays for his purchases, wholly or partly, with something other than money. Very often countertrade deals include some cash, but a significant portion of the transaction is settled with commodities or services. Countertrade has been employed heavily [...]...
71. Munitions Munitions and the Laws of International Trade Munitions list in Some Countries Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Registration as a munitions manufacturer Registration as munitions broker Due diligence under the international traffic in arms regulations: Munitions list [...]...
72. Commerce Control In the United States For information about Commerce control in the context of international trade, click here...
73. Executive Agreement Concept of Executive Agreement An introductory definition of Executive Agreement is provided here: A formal agreement between the President of the United States and a foreign country, which has the effect of law. An executive agreement differs from a treaty in that the President must submit a [...]...
74. Biological Weapons Proliferation Sanctions Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation Sanctions in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation Sanctions: On June 21, 2013, the State Department determined that lifting sanctions on five Chinese entities, imposed on [...]...
75. Export Platforms Export Platforms and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export Platforms: Refers to countries such as Mexico, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, and South Korea that established incentive programs [...]...
76. Affiliate Company Definition of Affiliate Company in International Trade The following is a concept of Affiliate Company in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A Company that is less than 50% owned by a parent company; the parents acts as [...]...
77. End-users In the United States For information about End-users in the context of international trade, click here...
78. Royalties In the United States For information about Royalties in the context of international trade, click here Royalties and the Laws of International Trade Royalties Intellectual Property and Competition Law Royalties in International Trade Meaning of Royalties, according to the Dictionary of [...]...
79. Trade Authorization In the United States For information about Trade authorization in the context of international trade, click here...
80. Executive Order 13224 Designations Executive Order 13224 Designations in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On June 23, 2011, OFAC designated one Iranian individual (Behnam Shahriyari) and one Iranian company (Behnam Shahriyari Trading [...]...
81. Extradition and Human Rights Contents Extradition and Human Rights In some cases, the provisions of extradition treaties vary considerably depending on the states involved. ... Read more...
82. International Trade Organization International Trade Organization (ITO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Trade Organization (ITO): (Not to be confused with Multilateral Trade "Organization, Sec. I). An [...]...
83. Customs Violations In the United States For information about Customs violations in the context of international trade, click here...
84. Electricité De Beyrouth Company Electricité de Beyrouth Company Embracing mainstream international law, this section on electricité de beyrouth company explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "electricité de beyrouth company" in the Parry [...]...
85. Expert Witnesses Follow that with a search of (a) expert directories, (b) news, (c)judicial opinions and (d) case filings in the relevant ... Read more...
86. Exclusive Economic Zone Background By Tatjana Rosen Historical Background The expressions “patrimonial sea”, “economic zone” or “exclusive economic zone” were first used in the early 1970s in regional meetings and organizations in Latin America, the Caribbean, Asia and [...]...
87. Exclusive Economic Zone 2 Contents Exclusive Economic Zone   Article 61 Conservation of the living resources 1. The coastal State shall determine the allowable ... Read more...
88. Exclusive Economic Zone 3 Contents Exclusive Economic Zone   Article 65 Marine mammals Nothing in this Part restricts the right of a coastal State ... Read more...
89. Exclusive Economic Zone 4 Contents Exclusive Economic Zone   Article 70 Right of geographically disadvantaged States 1. Geographically disadvantaged States shall have the right ... Read more...
90. Expropriation Expropriation Definition Expropriation is the forced assumption of ownership of private property by a government, often without fair compensation. Nationalization is expropriation by a national government. Meanings For information on: * history of expropriation, see Nationalization * [...]...
91. Exchange Contents Exchange Exchange Definition Exchange, in commerce, generally, may be defined as a central office or place of business, such ... Read more...
92. Exception Ratings An additional or special freight rate, above the general commodity rates, applied to commodities which require special handling, such as items of extraordinary dimensions or weight, live animals, or dangerous articles.......
93. Exceptions Products specifically exempted from trade liberalization, such as duty reductions; usually, exceptions are made to protect domestic industries that would suffer serious harm from increased imports.......
94. Excess Of Loss Treaty A contract of reinsurance under which the primary policy issuer agrees to pay in full any loss up to a prearranged sum, with everything in excess of that amount borne by the reinsurer.......
95. Exchequer The British ministry of finance.......
96. Excise Tax Taxes, also commonly known as internal revenue taxes, imposed by the United States on certain classes of manufactures and services and on the performance of some transactions. Unlike customs duties, which are applied to imports only, excise taxes are applied equally to imports and domestic [...]...
97. Exclusive Dealing Agreements An agreement by which the manufacturer or supplier of a product permits a second party to act as sole distributor of the product within a specified geographic area.......
98. Exclusive Patronage Contract Also known as a merchant's contract or shipper's rate agreement, an agreement whereby a shipper of goods by water agrees to ship all his cargo over a given trade route aboard carriers that are member lines of the steamship CONFERENCE (read th......
99. Exempted Company A company exempted from income taxes of the jurisdiction in which it is organized in return for a stipulation by the company that it will not trade in that country.......
100. Exemption System A system to avoid double taxation of income whereby the domiciliary country exempts corporate income taxation, income earned and taxed abroad, up to the amount of tax paid in the country that was the source of income.......
101. Exemption With Progression For more details on Double Taxation, click here.......
102. Explosions Clause A provision in a marine insurance policy establishing coverage for losses to cargo caused by explosion, except where the explosion is the result of acts of war, strikes, rioting, or civil unrest.......
103. Export Bar A bar of pure gold, used principally in settling balances between central banks or other official financial institutions.......
104. Export Mailing List Service An export promotion service of the U.S. Department of Commerce. See Foreign Traders Index.......
105. Export Management Company A private company that serves as the export department of other firms, usually small- and medium-size manufacturers. An EMC will provide a variety of services for its clients, to include locating customers abroad, arranging transportation and financing for the merchandise, developing foreign [...]...
106. Export Merchant A firm that purchases goods from various domestic manufacturers, ships them abroad, and markets through other middlemen or their own organization. The export merchant tends to specialize in a given product category.......
107. Export Subsidy Summary of Export Subsidy A direct payment, tax relief, or other incentive provided by a government to encourage export sales. The use of such devices is apt to be regarded as undesirable by the importing nation and may result in the imposition of Countervailing Duties (read this legal term [...]...
108. Export Tariff A tax or duty levied by a governmental authority upon the exportation of a product. Such taxes upon exports have been abolished by all major trading nations but are still retained by some developing nations, particularly on exports of mineral or agricultural commodities, as a source of state revenu......
109. Export Trading Company Act A 1982 act of Congress designed to promote American exports by modifying the application of antitrust laws and reducing restrictions on export financing on certain export transactions. The legislation is divided into four parts. Title I directs the Department of Commerce to encourage the formation o......
110. Export Unemployment A conscious program to relieve domestic unemployment or economic stagnation through the stimulation of export sales. The term is used generally in relation to improper export promotion vehicles such as dumping (read this and......
111. Extradition History Contents Extradition History Introduction The U. S. Supreme Court, in United States v. Rauscher (1886), expressed the dominant doctrine in ... Read more...
112. Extradition in Federal Countries Contents Extradition in Federal Countries “The political structure of countries, such as the federal structure of the United States, can ... Read more...
113. Ex Post Facto Law Introduction to Ex Post Facto LawEx Post Facto Law, in criminal law, a law enacted or decreed after an act has been committed that may be illegal as a result of the new law but was not illegal at the time it was committed. Ex post facto laws may also retroactively increase the punishment of......
114. Executive Branch Introduction to Executive BranchExecutive Branch, the branch of the United States government devoted to administering and enforcing the country's laws. The country's laws are written by the legislative branch (Congress), approved by the president of the United States, and subject to......
115. Executor Introduction to ExecutorExecutor, in law, a person or financial institution, such as a trust company or bank, designated by a person (called a testator) in a last will and testament to carry out that person's expressed wishes with respect to the disposal of any assets (called the estate......
116. Exemption Introduction to ExemptionExemption, freedom from an obligation, liability, or duty to which others are subject. Exemptions are granted either in the interest of fairness, to pay allegiance to an interest or concept by granting it a position of priority, or as a regulatory device designed to......
117. Extortion Criminal Law: Crimes Against Property ExtortionIntroduction to ExtortionExtortion (or blackmail) differs from robbery in that the threats, stated or implied, that cause the victim to give money or property to the offender are not threats of immediate violence but rather threats of ......
118. Extradition Introduction to Extradition Extradition, in law, surrender by one sovereign power to another of a fugitive from justice. Between nations, the right of one power to demand of another the extradition of a fugitive accused of crime, and the duty of the country in which the fugitive has found [...]...
119. Extraterritoriality Introduction to Extraterritoriality Extraterritoriality, also exterritoriality, in law, systems whereby the jurisdiction and laws of one sovereign nation extend over the territory of another, under a treaty granting such rights. In general, extraterritorial jurisdiction is most frequently [...]...
120. Expungements Expungement Law......