Search results for: “strategic cities”
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International Criminal Court Overview
International Criminal Court Overview in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to International Criminal Court Overview: Stephen J. Rapp, U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues, delivered a statement on behalf of the U.S. observer delegation at the general […]
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UN Women
UN Women in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to UN Women: On June 25, 2013, Teri Robl, U.S. Deputy Representative to ECOSOC, addressed the United Nations Women Executive Board in New York. Ms. Robl's remarks are excerpted below and are available at (link […]
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International Criminal Court Issues
International Criminal Court in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to International Criminal Court: On April 10, 2013, Erin Pelton, Spokesperson for the U.S. Mission to the UN, issued a statement regarding a UN General Assembly Thematic Debate on the Role of […]
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Biological Weapons
Characteristics of Terrorist Attacks: Chemical and Biological Weapons Introduction to Biological Weapons Concern over terrorist use of chemical and biological weapons increased after the 1995 sarin nerve gas attack on the Tokyo subway and the discovery in 2001 of anthrax spores mailed in the […]
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Biological Weapons
Characteristics of Terrorist Attacks: Chemical and Biological Weapons Introduction to Biological Weapons Concern over terrorist use of chemical and biological weapons increased after the 1995 sarin nerve gas attack on the Tokyo subway and the discovery in 2001 of anthrax spores mailed in the […]
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Cooperation against Organized Crime
Cooperation against Organized Crime Build International Capacity, Cooperation, and Partnerships against Transnational Organized Crime Sustainable progress against transnational organized crime (TOC) requires both political commitment and effective law enforcement and criminal justice capacities on a worldwide basis. Transnational organized crime threatens the security and well-being of people around the world and jeopardizes the functioning of…
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International Alliances
International Alliances ALLIANCES AND SUPERPOWER DOMINANCE, 1964-1968 The second half of the 1960s was a time of parallel crises for the two military alliances, NATO and the Warsaw Pact, in both of which superpower dominance was at issue. For the first time since the onset of the Cold War, the loosening of the Kremlin leadership…
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Nuclear Strategy
Nuclear Strategy A review of Lawrence Freedman’s book “The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy” (New York, 1981), the classic sober and sobering account by Britain’s leading expert, by Kirkus Reviews (a Magazine): “In an accessible historical narrative: the essence of the nuclear-strategy debates, and the essence of the nuclear-arms-control problem. Development of atomic weapons, Freedman (King’s…
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Defensible Space
Defensible Space The term “defensible space” was coined by Oscar Newman (1973a) in his book “Defensible Space.” About the book, Reynald and Elffers, in their article “The future of Newman’s defensible space theory: Linking defensible space and the routine activities of place”, published in the European Journal of Criminology (6(1), 25-46), wrote (page 29): “For…
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Reparations
Reparations Defining the Goals of Reparations The quest for protecting individuals from mass atrocities is as old as the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The larger part of the Principles and Guidelines, with strong domestic law implications, sets out the status and the rights of victims, and corresponds to the title…
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Reparations
Reparations Defining the Goals of Reparations The quest for protecting individuals from mass atrocities is as old as the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The larger part of the Principles and Guidelines, with strong domestic law implications, sets out the status and the rights of victims, and corresponds to the title…
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Crime Science
Crime Science The Relationships Between Crime Science and Related Approaches Crime science is particularly closely associated with four other subjects: forensic science, criminology, police science, and medical science. Evidence-based crime reduction Introduction Local problem-solving as a means of crime and disorder reduction has been emphasised in both the United Kingdom and the United States. In…
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Crime Science
Crime Science The Relationships Between Crime Science and Related Approaches Crime science is particularly closely associated with four other subjects: forensic science, criminology, police science, and medical science. Evidence-based crime reduction Introduction Local problem-solving as a means of crime and disorder reduction has been emphasised in both the United Kingdom and the United States. In…
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Treaty Law
Treaty Law The Concept of Treaty in International Law (book) Whether or not a certain norm is legally binding upon international actors may often depend on whether or not the instrument which contains the norm is to be regarded as a treaty. In this study, the author argues that instruments which contain commitments are, ex…
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NATO History
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): History Early YearsIntroduction to NATO HistoryUntil 1950 NATO consisted primarily of a pledge by the United States to defend other members of the alliance under the terms of Article 5 of the treaty. However, there was no effective militar…