Search results for: “election types”
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Poll Tax and Residence
Introduction to Poll Tax and ResidenceVarious countries have employed a poll tax to raise general revenues for the conduct of government and the waging of war, not as a requirement for voting. During its first wave of popularity in the United States, after the American Revolution (1775-1783…
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How Voters Decide
Election: How Voters DecideIntroduction to How Voters DecideMany Americans identify personally with and maintain a sense of loyalty to either the Democratic or Republican Party. Voters often acquire partisan identification in childhood as a result of parental influence. Issues and …
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Electoral Realignments
Election: Electoral RealignmentsIntroduction to Electoral RealignmentsThe outcomes of elections often have important consequences for governmental programs and policies. In the United States, elections have had their greatest impact during times of "critical realignment"-…
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Electorate Gender
Introduction to Electorate GenderRestrictions on the basis of gender were ended in the United States with the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920, and in Great Britain with enactment of the "flapper vote" law in 1928. Women were enfranchised in Germany under the Weimar Constitut…
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Electorate Historical
Electorate Historical OverviewIntroduction to Electorate HistoricalSince the beginning of the 18th century, there has been a struggle to expand the electorate in many countries to include new groups or classes of citizens or subjects. Many criteria have been used throughout history…
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Electorate Property
Introduction to Electorate PropertyHistorically, property has been a persistent test of admittance into the electorate. The gradual relinquishment of property ownership criteria marked the evolution of the franchise in Great Britain and the United States. The influence of the frontier and t…
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Electorate Race and Social Position
Introduction to Electorate Race and Social PositionRace and social position are no longer of importance in the composition of an electorate. In the United States, the 15th Amendment to the constitution, ratified in 1870, prohibited race, color, or previous condition of servitude as grounds …
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Electronic Voting Origins
Electronic Voting Origins of Electronic VotingIntroduction to Electronic Voting OriginsElectronic voting has been used in United States elections since the mid-1970s. The first electronic voting system is believed to be the Video Voter, an electromechanical device. The incentive fo…
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Electronic Voting Problems
Electronic Voting Problems with Electronic VotingIntroduction to Electronic Voting ProblemsScientific concerns about the reliability of electronic vote tallying were raised early on, in a 1975 report by voting technology consultant Roy Saltman at the U.S. National Bureau of Standar…
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Broadcast Media
Political Campaign How Campaigns are Conducted The Broadcast MediaIntroduction to Broadcast MediaAs in any well-formulated advertising campaign, political candidates use the media to increase their exposure to the public. In the modern campaign, extensive use of radio and televisio…
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European Union
Legal Materials Two sources for E.U. information stand out in my mind. First, the European Union'sEuropa, which posts (a) EU news and press releases, (b) links to EU Web sites, including the European Parliament, banks, courts and agencies and (c) the best collection of EU legal materials on […]
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European Union
Legal Materials Two sources for E.U. information stand out in my mind. First, the European Union'sEuropa, which posts (a) EU news and press releases, (b) links to EU Web sites, including the European Parliament, banks, courts and agencies and (c) the best collection of EU legal materials on […]