Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Lesser Developed Country Lesser Developed Country in International Law Meaning of Lesser Developed Country (LLDC), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The classification LDC was developed by the United Nations to give some guidance to donor agencies and countries about and equitable [...]...
2. Less Developed Country Less Developed Country in International Law Meaning of Less Developed Country (LDC), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A country showing: (1) a poverty level of income; (2) a high rate of population increase; (3) a substantial portion of its workers [...]...
3. Real Property Holding Company A foreign corporation (i.e., not chartered in the United States) in which a Domestic International Sales Corporation (read this and related legal terms for further details), or DISC, controls more than 50 percent of the ......
4. Branch Rule A provision of the Internal Revenue Code that holds that where a controlled foreign corporation operates outside its country of incorporation through a branch, the branch will be treated as a separate corporation in determining foreign base company income, when the branch's activities have "......
5. Exempted Company A company exempted from income taxes of the jurisdiction in which it is organized in return for a stipulation by the company that it will not trade in that country.......
6. Least Developed Countries Summary of Least Developed Countries Those nations suffering the most severe economic and development problems, and requiring substantial and ongoing economic assistance. As a general rule, they are nations with a literacy rate of less than 20 percent and per capita income below two hundred [...]...
7. Shell Company A "paper" company, usually operated without employees. Normally an attorney or other local agent or management company performs the legal duties of the company on behalf of the stockholders. Shell companies often operate in tax-free or low- tax jurisdictions such as Bermuda, Liechtenstein,......
8. Federation Of American Controlled Shipping An association of American firms that operate Liberian- and Panamanian-registered tankers, bulk carriers, and specialized vessels. Currently, federation member firms control over forty-three million deadweight tons of foreign shipping. In addition, federation members control approximately one-half t......
9. Offshore Finance Company Synonymous with Foreign Base Finance Company (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
10. Limited Liability Company Gmbh (Gesellschaft Mit Beschränker Haftung) in Company Law Meaning of Gmbh (Gesellschaft Mit Beschränker Haftung), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In German speaking countries (Austria, Germany, Switzerland) a designation for a private limited [...]...
11. Nationality of Company Nationality of Company/corporation Embracing mainstream international law, this section on nationality of company/corporation explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "nationality of company/corporation" in the [...]...
12. Less-Developed Countries Less-Developed Countries Less-Developed Countries (LDCs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Less-Developed Countries (LDCs): An alternative term for developing countries. [...]...
13. Parent Company Parent Company in International Trade Meaning of Parent Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A parent company, sometimes called a holding company, is a corporation that has subsidiaries which are wholly or partially-owned separate businesses [...]...
14. Yugen Kaisha A form of limited company organization used in Japan for small or family-con- trolled corporations. This form, usually identified by the letters YK, resembles the American dosed corporation and usually includes restrictions on the transfer of stock. A large or public company is usually organized as ......
15. Section 931 Corporation It was a corporation operating in various U.S. possessions that, under certain circumstances, might accrue significant tax benefits. So named for Section 931 of the Internal Revenue Code, a firm might be exempt from Federal income tax on U.S. possessions income (so long as the dividends were not dis......
16. China Trade Act Corporation A corporation formed under the China Trade Act of 1922, which provided special tax incentives to firms engaged in trade with China. Following the collapse of the Nationalist government on mainland China in 1949, the act was amended to cover only Taiwan and Hong Kong. In its final form, the act provi......
17. Domestic International Sales Corporation Commonly known by the acronym DISC, a U.S.-chartered corporation, qualified with the Internal Revenue Service, that derives virtually all of its income from export sales and export-related activities. A properly qualified DISC was permitted to defer indefinitely tax on a portion of its income. The D......
18. Foreign International Sales Corporation A foreign corporation controlled by a Domestic International Sales Corporation(read this and related legal terms for further details) (DISC) that satisfies the requirements of Section 993 of the Internal Reve......
19. Trading Company A firm engaged in the purchase, distribution, and marketing of products in international trade. Generally, the trading company deals with products of unrelated firms as well as the manufacturers of joint ventures in which it is involved.......
20. Western Hemisphere Trading Corporation A domestic U.S. corporation which was entitled to certain tax advantages under Sections 921-22 of the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify, a U.S.- chartered corporation must (1) derive at least 95 percent of its gross income for the three-year period immediately preceding the taxable year (or througho......
21. Avoir Fiscal A tax credit permitted in France to the recipient of dividend income, recognizing that the corporation issuing the dividend has already paid taxes on the income.......
22. Graduation Summary of Graduation The act of recognition by the world community that formerly less developed Countries (read this and related legal terms for further details) have undergone sufficient economic development to be regarded as "developed"or industrialized nations. The recognition [...]...
23. Export Trading Company Export Trading Company and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export Trading Company: (Also known as an export management company.) A private firm that provides related-related services to other [...]...
24. Carnation Case A suit in which the U.S. Tax Court denied, for income tax purposes, the deduction of sums paid by the Carnation Company to its wholly owned Captive insurance company (read this and related legal terms for further details......
25. Headquarters Company A company organized in a foreign country for the purpose of providing administrative support to affiliate companies. It does not normally take title to products or provide financing.......
26. Credit D´impot A tax credit permitted in Belgium to recipients of certain dividend income in recognition that the corporation paying the dividend has been previously taxed upon the income.......
27. Unitary Taxation A form of corporate taxation adopted by some U.S. states whereby state income tax is assessed on a pro rata portion of the company's worldwide profits, rather than on locally earned profits only. Unitary taxation emerged in the United States in 1926; at that time it was applied to interstate rai......
28. Holding Company Holding Company in International Trade Meaning of Holding Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Holding companies are corporations that are created for the sole purpose of obtaining and managing a controlling interest in other companies. There are [...]...
29. Tax System Summary of Forced Tax System A practice applied in some countries (most notably in Europe) in which corporate income taxes are computed by a governmental agency. Unlike the American system, under which the firm prepares its own return and computes its tax liability (subject to subsequent [...]...
30. Umbrella Company A local subsidiary of a multinational corporation that permits each product division to operate separately but retains at local headquarters the responsibility for cash management, advertising, and physical distribution. The object of such a company is to permit autonomy among product lines without ......
31. Balance of Trade Balance Of Trade Summary of Balance Of Trade The sum total, in monetary terms, of a nation's merchandise (i.e., "visible") exports less the value of merchandise imports during a given time period, usually one year. Merchandise imports and exports are contrasted with trade in [...]...
32. Joint Venture Summary of Joint Venture A business enterprise with more than one equity participant; for example, an agreement between a German firm and a U.S. firm to capitalize jointly a new factory in Venezuela. Many countries impose restrictions on joint ventures; these restrictions may take the form [...]...
33. Foreign Entity Within the meaning of financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 8 (read this and related legal terms for further details) relative to accounting for foreign currency transactions, aforeign entity is an affiliate......
34. Kompass Kompass in International Trade Meaning of Kompass, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Kompass is the leading online global business directory with nearly 4 million registered businesses in 60 countries. The search can be done by country, product or company [...]...
35. Subsidiary Subsidiary or Subordinate Election Management Body in Election Law An Election Management Body (EMB) that is not the primary or principal entity responsible for the organisation of elections within a given state. It may be regional or local. Subsidiary in International Trade Meaning of [...]...
36. Attomey-in-fact Definition of Attomey-in-fact in International Trade The following is a concept of Attomey-in-fact in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A person authorized to transact business generally or to perform a designated task of a [...]...
37. Deferral The avoidance of taxes on the income of foreign subsidiaries until that income is distributed to the parent.......
38. Sogo Shosha A Japanese general trading company. Customarily, the term is used in connection with the largest of such companies. According to the Trade Business Statistics report for 1981 issued by the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry, there are over 8,500 trading companies operating in [...]...
39. Yo-Yo Effect A condition that arises under the rules of Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 8 (read this and related legal terms for further details) when a foreign company's total monetary assets differ from its t......
40. Royalties In the United States For information about Royalties in the context of international trade, click here Royalties and the Laws of International Trade Royalties Intellectual Property and Competition Law Royalties in International Trade Meaning of Royalties, according to the Dictionary of [...]...
41. Product International Product Life Cycle (IPLC) in International Trade Meaning of International Product Life Cycle (IPLC), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): This marketing describes the diffusion process of an innovation across national boundaries. Typically, [...]...
42. Associated Foreign Corporation As used in conjunction with the operations of a DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL SALES CORPORATION (read this and related legal terms for further details), or DISC, a foreign corporation in which neither the DISC nor members of t......
43. Discount Corporation A firm engaged in the discounting and trading of bills of exchange and acceptances. In the United States these functions are usually performed by commercial banks, although there are entities other than commercial banks specializing in this area.......
44. Domestic Corporation A corporation operating in the jurisdiction in which it was formed; hence, a New York corporation is a domestic corporation in New York, but a foreign corporation everywhere else.......
45. Edge Act Corporation A federally chartered bank formed under authority of the Edge Act of 1919 (Section 25 A of the Federal Reserve Act) exclusively for the purpose of engaging in international transactions. The Edge Act permits a commercial bank, through the formation of a subsidiary under Section 25 (A), to overcome t......
46. Foreign Corporation A corporation operating in a jurisdiction other than the one in which it was chartered. For example, a corporation chartered in France and one chartered in Connecticut would be equally foreign in New York. Occasionally the term alien corporation is applied to distinguish corporations chartered in no......
47. Foreign Tax Credit System A taxing scheme which permits a firm to offset income tax liabilities in its home country by applying sums paid to foreign tax authorities as credits against the domestic tax burden. For example, if an American firm doing business in Canada paid one million dollars in income taxes to the Canadian go......
48. Regulation K A pronouncement of the Federal Reserve system that permits both domestic and foreign banks to establish a "mother" Edge Act Corporation (read this and related legal terms for further details), which can establi......
49. Developing Nations Concept of Developing Nations An introductory definition of Developing Nations is provided here: A term used to refer to nation states whose economic and political structures are not well developed, in relation to the wealthier, industrialized world. Developing nations have low income levels [...]...
50. Captive Insurance Company A subsidiary formed to insure the risks of its noninsurance parent or affiliated companies. The captive may also reinsure risks that have been placed with third- party insurers, all or a portion of which have been transferred subsequently to the captive; in this arrangement, the unrelated insurer is......
51. Commodity Credit Corporation A Federally chartered corporation controlled by the U.S. government and administered as a part of the Department of Agriculture. In addition to various domestic agricultural stabilization efforts, the CCC administers three foreign sales promotion programs.......
52. Private Export Funding Corporation A private corporation organized in 1970 for the purpose of providing medium- to long-term financing to foreign buyers of U.S. goods and services. PEFCO is owned by commercial banks and major industrial firms. Working capital is raised by issuance of commercial paper, guaranteed by the U.S. Export-Im......
53. Related Foreign Export Corporation According to Section 933 of the Internal Revenue Code, any foreign corporation that satisfies the definition of a foreign international sales Corporation, A Real Property Holding Company, or an Associated Foreign Corporation (qq.V.). See Domestic International Sales Corporation.......
54. Representative Office Introduction A representative office is an alternative form to the legal entity, designed for representation of foreign companies. It is often used in the initial stages of an overseas company’s establishment in the targeted market providing the foreign company with a physical presence in [...]...
55. Affiliate Company Definition of Affiliate Company in International Trade The following is a concept of Affiliate Company in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A Company that is less than 50% owned by a parent company; the parents acts as [...]...
56. Banking And Financing Controlled Foreign Corporation A controlled foreign corporation within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code, that derives more than 50 percent of its gross income from retail or commercial banking, negotiable paper transactions, or investment banking.......
57. Developed Countries Summary of Developed Countries A generalized grouping of the industrialized nations. Customarily, the term is applied to those nations that are members of the organization for economic cooperation And Development (read this and related legal terms for further details) plus the [...]...
58. Foreign Assets Control Regulations A pronouncement issued under authority of Section 5 (b) of the trading with the enemy act (read this and related legal terms for further details) that prohibits importation of products manufactured in, or containing comp......
59. Foreign Currency Foreign Currency in International Trade Meaning of Foreign Currency, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The currency of any foreign country which is authorized medium of circulation and the basis for record keeping in that country. Foreign currency is [...]...
60. Managing Director Managing Director in International Trade Meaning of Managing Director, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A managing director is someone who is responsible for the daily operations of a company, organization, or corporate division. In some countries, the [...]...
61. Nonprivileged Foreign Status The condition of imported merchandise entered into a Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details), other than goods that have been granted privileged foreign status (...
62. Offshore Holding Company Synonymous with foreign base holding company. See SUBPART F.......
63. Offshore Trading Company Synonymous with foreign base trading company. See subpart f.......
64. Assembly Operations Definition of Assembly Operations in International Trade The following is a concept of Assembly Operations in the context of international trade law, from the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An assembly operation is a variation of the subsidiary. A foreign production [...]...
65. Offshoring Offshoring in International Trade Meaning of Offshoring, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Offshoring occurs, when a company moves all or some of its activities to another country. When the costs of running a company are cheaper in another country, the [...]...
66. Tax Haven A legal jurisdiction that levies no, or very low, taxes on the income of firms organized under its laws or operating within its borders. Often the exemption is limited to firms organized in, but not operating in, the country.......
67. Oil Union Oil Company of California (UNOCAL) Note: there is more information on the Asian/Chinese legal Encyclopedia. Notion of of Union Oil Company of California (UNOCAL): A major petroleum explorer and marketer until 2005 when, after a failed offer by the Chinese National Offshore Oil [...]...
68. Agricultural Trade Development And Assistance Act Known commonly as P.L. 480, a 1954 act of Congress directed at the long-term improvement of the economies of developing nations through the concessional sale or grant of American agricultural products. The act is implemented by the Foreign Agricultural Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture t......
69. Current Account Summary of Current Account An entry in a nation's balance of payments accounts reflecting the purchase of goods or services for consumption immediately or in the near future. See Balance of Payments.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Current Account and International Trade [...]...
70. Country of Origin For customs tariff purposes, the country in which an imported product was manufactured, grown, or produced. When goods pass through more than one country in the process of manufacture, the country of origin does not change unless the product has been transformed substantially; minor [...]...
71. List of arbitral and ADR institutions by country ContentsList of arbitral and ADR institutions by country , with linksPreference among Arbitral Institutions Abu DhabiArgentinaAustraliaAustriaBahrainBelarusBelgiumBrazilBulgariaCanadaChileChina, P.R.Costa RicaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEgyptFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIrelandItalyJapanKoreaKuwaitLatviaLebanonLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedoniaMalaysiaMaltaMauritiusMexicoMongoliaThe ... Read more...
72. Beneficiary Developing Country As provided in Section 501 of the Trade Act of 1974, any nation or possession of a nation authorized by the president to be accorded duty-free entry of merchandise into the United States under the GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES (...
73. Country Controlled Buying Agent A governmental agency or quasi-official corporation that is the sole or primary entity authorized to trade with foreign countries for the purchase of certain goods. Very often the buying agent is also the state monopoly for the sale of such goods within the country.Country controlled buy......
74. Newly Industrializing Country A nation in transition between developing and developed status. Characteristic of such a change are the development of an industrial base and an increasing portion of gross national product derived from industrial, rather than agricultural, production. Mexico, Taiwan, and Brazil are examples of nati......
75. Corporation Sociedad Anónima (s.a.) in International Trade Meaning of Sociedad Anónima (s.a.), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In Spain, México and Latin America designation for a joint stock company with limited personal to shareholders. See [...]...
76. Austin v. Loral Corporation Austin v. Loral Corporation 1971 New York Court of Appeals • Loral had contract with Navy for radar sets, subcontracted ... Read more...
77. Eastern Air Lines, Inc. v. Gulf Oil Corporation ContentsEastern Air Lines, Inc. v. Gulf Oil CorporationKey concepts:ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Eastern Air Lines, ... Read more...
78. Foreign Sales Corporation Act A component of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, which permits formation of Foreign Sales Corporations (FSC, pronounced "fisk") as a tax incentive to American exporters, and revises tax treatment of income earned by Domestic International Sales Corporations (...
79. Overseas Private Investment Corporation An independent agency of the U.S. government formed in 1971 to stimulate private investment in overseas projects, usually in developing countries. In furthering this objective, OPIC provides: (1) cost assistance, up to 75 percent, in the establishment of the foreign venture; (2) direct loans [...]...
80. Country List of Countries and Jurisdictions United States of America Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antigua Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and [...]...
81. Country Groups A classification scheme provided in U.S. export control regulations. The countries of the world are divided into seven groups, plus Canada; each group is designated by a letter of the alphabet. Export licensing requirements vary from group to group. An individual seeking to learn the export licensin......
82. Country Information Country Information Basic information on almost every country is available in the Statesman’s Yearbook (inprint or online) and World Development ... Read more...
83. Country of Departure Country of Departure in International Trade Meaning of Country of Departure, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The nation from which a ship or shipment has or is scheduled to depart....
84. Country of Destination Country of Destination in International Trade Meaning of Country of Destination, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The nation in which exported goods are to be used or consumed, as known to the shipper at the time of export....
85. Country Risk Country Risk in International Trade Meaning of Country Risk, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The possibility of non-payment caused by such buyer-country related problems as political instability, war, arbitrary government action and exchange [...]...
86. Country of Citizenship Nationality and Citizenship In relation to the international law practice and nationality and citizenship in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Nationality, Citizenship, Immigration About this subject:U.S. Response to Questions on Deprivation of Nationality [...]...
87. 100 Top country pages in Wikipedia in may 2012 Contents100 most visited country pages in Wikipedia in may 2012ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these ... Read more...
88. Agreements country resources ContentsAgreements country ResourcesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Agreements country Resources Argentina List, by ... Read more...
89. Historical Country Names ContentsHistorical country NamesIntroduction Table of Historical country Names References and Further ReadingConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned ... Read more...
90. Country of Origin Marking Country of Origin Marking and the Laws of International Trade Country-of-origin marking Labeling Requirements Trade Regulations Container marking Policy Regarding Country of Origin Marking and Labeling Requirements Parties liable Penalties Resources See Also [...]...
91. Coface Country Risk Coface Country Risk in International Trade Meaning of Coface Country Risk, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Country risk classification provided by the French company COFACE (Compagnie Française d'Assurance pour le Commerce Extérieur), [...]...
92. Country of Origin Labeling Requirements United States – Certain Country of Origin Labeling (cool) Requirements (canada) (ds384) and (mexico) (ds386) in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On November 18, 2011, a single panel issued its [...]...
93. Country Reports on Terrorism Country Reports on Terrorism in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On August 18, 2011, the Department of State released the 2010 Country Reports on Terrorism. The annual report is submitted to Congress [...]...
94. Country of Origin Rule Country of Origin Rule in Private International Law This section contain conflict of laws information and cross references related to country of origin rule on some major countries and additional jurisdictions. It covers key issues involved when citizens face international situations. [...]...
95. Corporation Tax Resources See Also Taxation Public Finance Public Policy Tax Law Financial Regulation...
96. 50 most visited country pages in Wikipedia in may 2012 Contents50 most visited country pages in Wikipedia in may 2012ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these ... Read more...
97. Foreign Country Search Engine listing ContentsForeign country Search Engine listingArgentinaAustralia & New ZealandBelgiumBrazilCanadaChileColumbiaCosta RicaCzech RepublicDenmarkEcuadorEl SalvadorFinlandFranceGermanyGuatemalaHondurasHungaryIndiaIsraelItalyJapanKenyaKoreaMexicoNetherlandsNorthern EuropeNorwayPanamaParaguayPeruPolandPortugalSouth AfricaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnited KingdomUruguayVenezuelaConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s ... Read more...
98. Multinational Corporation Multinational Corporation in International Trade Meaning of Multinational Corporation (MNC), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A large commercial organization with affiliates operating companies in a number of different countries. A typically one normally [...]...
99. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Country Reports on Human Rights Practices in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On April 8, 2011, the Department of State released the 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. The Department of [...]...
100. Benevolent Corporation Resources See Also Charitable corporation...
101. Aggregate Corporation Resources See Also Corporation...
102. Aggressor Corporation Resources See Also Leveraged buyout Tender offer...
103. Charitable Corporation Resources See Also Charitable organizations, infra...
104. Cooperative Corporation Resources See Also Cooperative...
105. Close Corporation Close or Closely Held Corporation Resources See Also Corporation...
106. Eastern Air Lines v. Gulf Oil Corporation ContentsEastern Air Lines v. Gulf Oil CorporationConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s Eastern Air Lines v. Gulf ... Read more...
107. International Finance Corporation International Finance Corporation Outline The IFC is part of the World Bank. It came into force in 1956 pursuant to the Articles of Agreement of the International Finance Corporation of 1955. Its main function is to facilitate the supply of funds to private enterprises in order to encourage or [...]...
108. Inter-American Investment Corporation ContentsInter-American Investment Corporation (IIC)Regional Member CountriesActivities Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC) The Inter-American Investment Corporation, an affiliate of the Inter-American Development ... Read more...
109. Joint Venture Corporation Resources See Also Corporation...
110. List of Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties by Country ContentsList of Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties by CountryAlgeriaAntigua and Barb.ArgentinaAshmore and Cartier Is.AustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahamasBahrainBelarusBelgiumBelizeBermudaBoliviaBosnia and Herz.BrazilBulgariaCanadaChileChinaColombiaCyprusCzech Rep.DenmarkDominicaDominican Rep.EcuadorEgyptEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaHong KongHungaryIndiaIndonesiaIranIrelandIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanKazakhstanKoreaKosovoKuwaitKyrgyzstanLatviaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedoniaMalaysiaMexicoMonacoMongoliaNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNorwayOmanPanamaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalRomaniaRussiaSaint LuciaSingaporeSouth ... Read more...
111. Radio Corporation of America V. Government of China Radio Corporation of America v. Government of China Embracing mainstream international law, this section on radio corporation of america v. government of china explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "radio [...]...
112. BUNGE CORPORATION, NEW YORK v. TRADAX EXPORT S.A., PANAMA ContentsBUNGE CORPORATION, NEW YORK v. TRADAX EXPORT S.A., PANAMAOverviewINTRODUCTION: APPEAL from the Court of AppealJUDGMENT-1: LORD WILBERFORCEJUDGMENT-2JUDGMENT-3ResourcesSee Also BUNGE CORPORATION, ... Read more...
113. Third Country Third country and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Third country provided by the European Union Commission: Any country that is not a Member State of the EU. Resources See Also Popular Treaties Topics Treaties of the United Nations (UN) Types of Treaties International [...]...
114. Poor Country Hipc Completion Point (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Poor Country means: the date at which a country included in the Debt Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs) successfully completes the key structural reforms agreed on at the HIPC decision point, including [...]...
115. Country of Origin Labeling United States – Certain Country of Origin Labeling (cool) Requirements (canada) (ds384) and (mexico) (ds386) In relation to the international law practice and United States – Certain Country of Origin Labeling (cool) Requirements (canada) (ds384) and (mexico) (ds386) in this world legal [...]...
116. C Corporation Resources See Also Corporation...
117. Not-for-profit Corporation Resources See Also Non-profit corporation...
118. Quasi-public Corporation Resources See Also Corporation...
119. Legal subjects ContentsLegal subjectsAcademic list:ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Legal subjects List of legal subjects ... Read more...
120. Double Taxation Summary of Double Taxation The condition that arises when a multinational firm is taxed on overseas income in both the source country and the country of the corporation's domicile. This problem arises because nations use varying systems of taxation. Recognizing that double taxation is [...]...