Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Trade Controls In the United States For information about Trade Controls in the context of international trade, click here...
2. Exports In the United States For information about Exports in the context of international trade, click here...
3. Supply Controls In the United States For information about Supply controls in the context of international trade, click here...
4. Treasury Department Controls In the United States For information about Treasury Department controls in the context of international trade, click here...
5. Exceptions Products specifically exempted from trade liberalization, such as duty reductions; usually, exceptions are made to protect domestic industries that would suffer serious harm from increased imports.......
6. Extensions of Credit In the United States For information about Extensions of credit in the context of international trade, click here...
7. Reversal of Enforcement Policy In the United States For information about Reversal of enforcement policy in the context of international trade, click here...
8. Banking Institutions In the United States For information about Banking institutions in the context of international trade, click here...
9. Extension of Immunities Extension of Immunities in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On March 8, 2011, President Obama issued Executive Order 13568, reprinted below, extending immunities to the Office of the High [...]...
10. Technical Data Information that can be transferred to overseas users only in accordance with export control regulations. The Office of Export Administration regulations (Part 379) define technical data as: Information of any kind that can be used, or adopted for use, in the design, production, manufacture, [...]...
11. Arms In the United States For information about Arms in the context of international trade, click here International Trafic in Arms Export Licensing, Defense Trade Controls and National Security Resources See Also Use Of Force Arms Control Disarmament Nonproliferation Resources See Also [...]...
12. Diplomatic Immunities Diplomatic, Consular, and Other Privileges and Immunities In relation to the international law practice and diplomatic, consular, and other privileges and immunities in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Privileges and Immunities About this [...]...
13. Foreign Boycotts In the United States For information about Foreign boycotts in the context of international trade, click here...
14. Commercial Activity Commercial Activity in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): Section 1605(a)(2) of the FSIA provides that a foreign state is not immune from suit in any case "in which the action is based upon a [...]...
15. Immunities Agreements Taiwan and Taipei Agreement on Privileges, Exemptions, and Immunities in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to AIT-TECRO Agreement on Privileges, Exemptions, and Immunities: On February 4, 2013, the American Institute in Taiwan ("AIT") and the Taipei [...]...
16. Immunities Immunity of Foreign Officials In relation to the international law practice and immunity of foreign officials in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Privileges and Immunities About this subject:Samantar v. Yousuf Note: there is detailed information and [...]...
17. Bank Holding Companies In the United States For information about bank holding companies in the context of international trade, click here...
18. Foreign Employees In the United States For information about Foreign employees in the context of international trade, click here...
19. Munitions Munitions and the Laws of International Trade Munitions list in Some Countries Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Registration as a munitions manufacturer Registration as munitions broker Due diligence under the international traffic in arms regulations: Munitions list [...]...
20. Deemed Exports In the United States For information about Deemed exports in the context of international trade, click here...
21. Corporate Policy In the United States For information about Corporate Policy in the context of international trade, click here...
22. Commodity Jurisdiction In the United States For information about Commodity jurisdiction in the context of international trade, click here...
23. International Trafic in Arms In the United States For information about International Trafic in Arms in the context of international trade, click here...
24. Offshore Procurement In the United States For information about Offshore procurement in the context of international trade, click here...
25. Export Value Summary of Export Value The price at which a foreign manufacturer customarily freely offers for sale a given product for export to the United States in the usual wholesale quantities, less export discounts, packing, and costs of preparing the goods for export. The use of this value [...]...
26. Export Diversification Summary of Export Diversification The movement of a nation away from the export of a single or limited number of products as the principal source of foreign exchange earnings. Export diversification programs are usually the priority objectives of small or underdeveloped nations, [...]...
27. Export Jobber A company that purchases and exports merchandise only against a firm order from abroad. Typically the jobber does not take physical possession of the goods.......
28. Export Merchant A firm that purchases goods from various domestic manufacturers, ships them abroad, and markets through other middlemen or their own organization. The export merchant tends to specialize in a given product category.......
29. Export Quota Agreement An arrangement arising under an international commodity agreement whereby each participating exporting nation is allocated a portion of the market. Participating importing nations agree to limit imports from nonmember nations. The object of the system is to maintain price stability, thus [...]...
30. Export Unemployment A conscious program to relieve domestic unemployment or economic stagnation through the stimulation of export sales. The term is used generally in relation to improper export promotion vehicles such as dumping (read this and......
31. Export Mailing List Service An export promotion service of the U.S. Department of Commerce. See Foreign Traders Index.......
32. Export Bar A bar of pure gold, used principally in settling balances between central banks or other official financial institutions.......
33. Export Control Act An act of Congress passed in 1949 requiring that all commercial exports from the United States be licensed. Authority was granted to the president to devise specific regulations to control exports; this authority has been delegated to the Secretary of Commerce. The regulations subsequently [...]...
34. Export Control Statement A notation required to be entered upon the shipping documents of virtually all commercial exports leaving the United States. A statement for certain licensed commodities, for example, reads: "These commodities licensed by the United States for ultimate destination (name of country). Diversion c......
35. Export Management Company A private company that serves as the export department of other firms, usually small- and medium-size manufacturers. An EMC will provide a variety of services for its clients, to include locating customers abroad, arranging transportation and financing for the merchandise, developing foreign [...]...
36. Export Processing Zone Summary of Export Processing Zone A special type of Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details) within which certain exemptions from duties, taxes, and regulations are granted as an inducement to export-oriented manufacturing. Customarily a manufacturer within [...]...
37. Export Subsidy Summary of Export Subsidy A direct payment, tax relief, or other incentive provided by a government to encourage export sales. The use of such devices is apt to be regarded as undesirable by the importing nation and may result in the imposition of Countervailing Duties (read this legal term [...]...
38. Export Tariff A tax or duty levied by a governmental authority upon the exportation of a product. Such taxes upon exports have been abolished by all major trading nations but are still retained by some developing nations, particularly on exports of mineral or agricultural commodities, as a source of state revenu......
39. Export Trading Company Act A 1982 act of Congress designed to promote American exports by modifying the application of antitrust laws and reducing restrictions on export financing on certain export transactions. The legislation is divided into four parts. Title I directs the Department of Commerce to encourage the formation o......
40. Export Administration Regulations Export Administration Regulations and the Laws of International Trade The Export Administration Regulations Export Control Compliance and Administration National security-related controls Foreign policy controls Short supply controls Jurisdiction Foreign boycotts under [...]...
41. Export Compliance Export Compliance and the Laws of International Trade Enforcement: Compliance and investigations Export Administration System Penalties Effects of cooperation with the government Examples of enforcement actions Judicial review Some guidelines for export compliance [...]...
42. Export Control Export Control and the Laws of International Trade Export control reform initiative Export Administration System Commerce control list Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Dual use items End-use-based controls Reexports Software and technology Regulatory requirements for all [...]...
43. Export Control Laws Export Control Laws and the Laws of International Trade Worldwide export control laws Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Countries covered Extraterritorial application Entity-based sanctions Other export statutes Due diligence under other export statutes [...]...
44. Export Violations Export Violations and the Laws of International Trade Export violations; evidence of violations Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Post-closing discovery of an export violation If an export violation is discovered Ongoing violations Cessation of illegal activity [...]...
45. Privileges and Immunities From the earliest times, privileges, immunities, and courtesies were extended to visiting heralds and envoys. Currently the privileges and immunities of diplomats are highly developed and universally accepted. History of Privileges and Immunities For centuries, the territory on which a [...]...
46. Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal Court Contents Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal Court (ICC) Title of the Agreement Agreement on the ... Read more...
47. Export In the United States For information about Export in the context of international trade, click here Export in International Trade Meaning of Export, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): To ship an item away from a country for sale to another country. [...]...
48. Bank Export Services Act A 1982 act of Congress that amends Federal banking laws to permit banks to acquire equity, up to 100 percent, in Export Trading Companies. The act forms Title II of the Export Trading Company Act. See export TRADING COMPANY ACT.......
49. Export Duty A tax imposed on exports. This mechanism serves as a source of government revenue and is imposed by some countries on a limited number of products. Export duties are expressly forbidden by the U.S. Constitution.......
50. Manufacturer's Export Agent Middle man who, on behalf of a domestic manufacturer or trading firm, promotes export sales. The MEA operates under its own name, rather than as a component of the manufacturer's marketing department.......
51. Nonrecourse Export Financing Read details of Forfaiting.......
52. Office Of Export Control A branch of the Department of Commerce charged with reviewing, approving, or denying validated export licenses.......
53. Voluntary Export Quota A quantitative restriction that a nation puts upon the export of a certain product to another country. This condition is usually in response to complaints from the importing country that its domestic industry is being injured by continuing exports of the product from its trading partner.......
54. Voluntary Export Restraints Summary of Voluntary Export Restraints Synonymous with Orderly Marketing Agreement (q.v. See Bilateral Restraints Agreement.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, [...]...
55. Export Control Compliance Export Control Compliance and the Laws of International Trade Management corporate policy statement Export Control Internal Compliance Programs Delegation of authority Product classification Screening denied/restricted parties Weapons proliferation screening Country [...]...
56. Export Credits Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Group on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees: A subgroup of the OECD Trade .Committee,comprising all OECD [...]...
57. Export Trading Company Export Trading Company and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export Trading Company: (Also known as an export management company.) A private firm that provides related-related services to other [...]...
58. Export-Led Growth Export-Led Growth and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export-Led Growth: A macroeconomic strategy focusing on expansion of the export sector --such as through export subsidies or competitive [...]...
59. Export Quota Export Quota and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Quota: A specific restriction or ceiling imposed by an exporting country on the value or volume of certain exports. [...]...
60. Export Enhancement Program Export Enhancement Program (EEP) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Enhancement Program (EEP): A system of agricultural export subsidies maintained by the United [...]...
61. Export Guarantees Export Guarantees and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Guarantees: Assurances by an exporter's government that financing provided by a private lender will be [...]...
62. Export Controls Export Controls and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Controls: Regulations or restrictions applied to exports by the government of the exporting country to limit [...]...
63. Export Administration In the United States For information about Export Administration in the context of international trade, click here...
64. Export Cartels In the United States For information about Export cartels in the context of international trade, click here...
65. Export Clearance In the United States For information about Export clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
66. Export Companies In the United States For information about Export Companies in the context of international trade, click here...
67. Export Compliance Programs In the United States For information about Export Compliance programs in the context of international trade, click here...
68. Export Control Enforcement In the United States For information about Export Control Enforcement in the context of international trade, click here...
69. Export Control Regulations In the United States For information about Export Control Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
70. Export Control System In the United States For information about Export Control System in the context of international trade, click here...
71. Export Customs Clearance In the United States For information about Export Customs Clearance in the context of international trade, click here...
72. Export Documentation In the United States For information about Export Documentation in the context of international trade, click here...
73. Export Due Diligence In the United States For information about Export due diligence in the context of international trade, click here...
74. Export Licenses In the United States For information about Export Licenses in the context of international trade, click here...
75. Export Procedures In the United States For information about Export Procedures in the context of international trade, click here...
76. Export Regulations In the United States For information about Export Regulations in the context of international trade, click here...
77. Export Sanctions In the United States For information about Export Sanctions in the context of international trade, click here...
78. Export Trading In the United States For information about Export Trading in the context of international trade, click here...
79. Export Business Plan Export Business Plan in International Trade Meaning of Export Business Plan, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The purpose of an export business plan is to prepare companies, specially middle and small to enter the international market place or to better [...]...
80. Export Contract Export Contract in International Trade Meaning of Export Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The export contract is used for the international sale of certain products (industrial supplies, raw materials, manufactured goods), which are projected [...]...
81. Export Credit Insurance Export Credit Insurance in International Trade Meaning of Export Credit Insurance, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Special insurance coverage for exporters to protect against non payment by the importer (coverage may extend to certain other risks, [...]...
82. Export Entry Modes Export Entry Modes in International Trade Meaning of Export Entry Modes, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): In establishing export channels a company has to decide which functions will be the responsibility of external agents and which will be handled by [...]...
83. Export License Export License in International Trade Meaning of Export License, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A government document granting the licensee the right to export a specific quantity of a commodity to a specified country. This license may be require in a [...]...
84. Export Manager Export Manager in International Trade Meaning of Export Manager, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An export manager serves as intermediary between foreign buyers and domestic sellers. Unlike trading companies who buy the products before selling directly [...]...
85. Export Marks Export Marks in International Trade Meaning of Export Marks, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Words or symbols placed on the outside of a export packed goods to indicate the shipment's destination. Typical marks for vessel shipments include the [...]...
86. Export Packing Export Packing in International Trade Meaning of Export Packing, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The preparation of goods for international shipping. The degree of export packing required greatly depends on the kind of product, the mode of [...]...
87. Export-performance Measure Export-performance Measure in International Trade Meaning of Export-performance Measure, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Requirement that a certain quantity of production must be exported....
88. Export Control Reform Export Control Reform in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Export Control Reform: On April 16, 2013, the Department of State announced that the U.S. Government had issued the first in a series of new rules regarding the export of munitions and commercial [...]...
89. Export Control Violations Aeroflex: Resolution of Export Control Violations in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Aeroflex: Resolution of Export Control Violations: On August 9, 2013, the State Department announced that it had entered into a consent agreement with Aeroflex Incorporated [...]...
90. Export Oriented Industry Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
91. Export Promotion Resources See Also Industry Industrial Unionism Labor Law Industrial Disputes Business Law...
92. Export Earnings Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
93. Export Insurance Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
94. Export Planning Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
95. Export Volume Resources See Also International Trade Trade Regulation International Economic Law Export License International Trade Law Foreign Trade Safeguard...
96. Export Control Classification Numbers In the United States For information about Export Control Classification Numbers in the context of international trade, click here...
97. Export International Restrictions Issues Communication to the Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1718 In relation to the international law practice and Communication to the Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1718 in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Sanctions, Export Controls, [...]...
98. Export-Import Bank Of The United States Commonly known as Eximbank, an independent, self-funding agency of the U.S. government created to facilitate exports of American products. Originally chartered under the laws of the District of Columbia in 1934, Eximbank was rechartered by an act of Congress in 1945. The bank provides short-, medium......
99. Privileges The Legal History of Privileges This section provides an overview of Privileges Resources See Also Legal theory Jurisprudence Theory of Law Philosophy of Law Resources See Also Legal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Privileges in the Oxford [...]...
100. Jurisdiction Privileges Jurisdiction, Privileges From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Jurisdiction, Privileges (1): It is usual for every fraternity to have a tribunal of its own for the trial of members who break its laws or violate its discipline. Within their jurisdiction, the laws of the [...]...
101. Consular Privileges Diplomatic and Consular Privileges and Immunities in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On February 24, 2011, the United States filed a statement of interest in the U.S. District Court for the Central [...]...
102. Privileges, Immunities Cross References of Privileges, Immunities in International Law Litigation under the Alien Tort Claims Act and the Torture Victim Protection Act, information on Foreign Relations in this legal Encyclopedia.B. Act of state, information on Foreign Relations in this legal Encyclopedia.C. Nazi [...]...
103. Privileges Issues U.S. Brief as Amicus in the U.S. Court of Appeals For the Fourth Circuit In relation to the international law practice and U.S. Brief as Amicus in the U.S. Court of Appeals For the Fourth Circuit in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Privileges, Immunities About [...]...
104. Export Control and Related Border Security (Exbs) Program Export Control And Related Border Security (Exbs) Program in 2016 Through the EXBS Program, the Department of State leads the interagency effort to strengthen adherence to nonproliferation norms by helping to build effective national strategic trade control and border security systems in [...]...
105. Diplomatic Privileges Diplomatic, Consular, and Other Privileges and Immunities In relation to the international law practice and diplomatic, consular, and other privileges and immunities in this world legal Encyclopedia, please see the following section: Privileges and Immunities About this subject:AIT-TECRO [...]...
106. Consular Privileges and Immunities Embracing mainstream international law, this section on consular privileges and immunities explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "consular privileges and immunities" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
107. Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities Embracing mainstream international law, this section on diplomatic privileges and immunities explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "diplomatic privileges and immunities" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic [...]...
108. Privileges and Immunities of Consuls Embracing mainstream international law, this section on privileges and immunities of consuls explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "privileges and immunities of consuls, diplomats" in the Parry and Grant [...]...
109. Privileges and Immunities of Diplomats Embracing mainstream international law, this section on privileges and immunities of diplomats explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "privileges and immunities of consuls, diplomats" in the Parry and Grant [...]...
110. Combination Export Manager . A service organization that acts as the export department of a manufacturing or trading firm. The CEM undertakes to find overseas buyers, negotiates contracts on behalf of its principal, and is often operationally indistinguishable from a branch of the manufacturer.......
111. Export Platforms Export Platforms and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export Platforms: Refers to countries such as Mexico, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, and South Korea that established incentive programs [...]...
112. Export Restraints Export Restraints and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Restraints: Also referred to as bilateral restraint agreements. Quantitative restrictions applied by exporting [...]...
113. Export Credits Arrangement Export Credits Arrangement and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Credits Arrangement: Formal title is the Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export [...]...
114. Export Restrictions Export Restrictions and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Export Restrictions: While usage varies, this term is often used to denote quantitative limits or charges on exports [...]...
115. Export Requirements Export Performance Requirements and International Trade Resources See Also performance requirements...
116. Export Laws In the United States For information about Export laws in the context of international trade, click here...
117. Export Statutes In the United States For information about Export statutes in the context of international trade, click here...
118. Export Trade Certificates In the United States For information about Export trade certificates in the context of international trade, click here...
119. Export Broker Export Broker in International Trade Meaning of Export Broker, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee but does not take part in actual sales transactions....
120. Export Declaration Export Declaration in International Trade Meaning of Export Declaration, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A government document declaring designated goods to be shipped out of the country. This document should be completed by the exporter and filed with [...]...