LAWIN

Category: Political Science

  • Early Roman Censorship

    Censorship Early History Roman CensorshipIn Rome the general attitude was that only persons in authority, particularly members of the Senate, enjoyed the privilege of speaking freely. Public prosecution and punishment, supported by popular approval, occurred frequently. The Roman poets Ovid…

  • Communist Governments

    Communism: Communist Governments in Other RegionsOutside of the USSR, China, and Eastern Europe, Marxist-Leninists scored victories in a string of other countries. Successful communist movements were mostly tied to the Soviet camp, which supplied them with arms, economic aid, and advisers. …

  • Communism Future

    Communism: The Future of Communism:In the classic writings of Marx and Engels, capitalism was a dark presence and communism a thinly sketched picture of a radiant future. The intellectual forefathers of the communist regimes of the 20th century purported to study and criticize capitalism by…

  • Communist Governments In Cuba

    Communism: Communist Governments in Other Regions Latin America CubaIn 1959 a guerrilla force commanded by Fidel Castro, a leftist revolutionary, unseated Cuba's dictatorial ruler Fulgencio Batista in the Cuban Revolution. In 1961 Castro declared himself a Marxist-Leninist and pronounce…

  • Comunist States

    Communism: Features of Comunist StatesCommunist regimes have ruled many countries, so it is not surprising that the practice of communism has varied widely among them. The societies in which communists have exercised control have themselves been diverse, although none has been among the adv…

  • Communist Governments In Nicaragua

    Communism: Communist Governments in Other Regions Latin America NicaraguaThe only other Latin American country to be governed along communist lines was Nicaragua. An uprising led by the Sandinista National Liberation Front in 1979 deposed the dictatorial regime of Anastasio Somoza Debayle a…

  • Communist Manifesto

    Communist ManifestoCommunist Manifesto (German Manifest der kommunistischen Partei), declaration of principles and objectives of the Communist League (a secret organization of émigré German artisans and intellectuals), published in London in 1848, shortly before the February R…

  • Communist Party Leader

    Communist Party LeaderCommunist Party Leader, individual who attains a high position in the Communist political party, dominant in Eastern Europe during most of the 20th century and in parts of Asia beginning in the 1940s. (1)Resources<…

  • Communist Influence

    Communism: Communist Influence in Noncommunist CountriesCommunist parties have existed in many countries of the world, but in most of them communists have failed to win control of the government and have existed as opposition parties. A report by the U.S. Department of State in 1970 identif…

  • Communist Influence In Other Countries

    Communism: Communist Influence in Noncommunist Countries Other CountriesCommunist parties have organized in many other countries and regions. In Asia, the most important of the nonruling communist parties were in India, Indonesia, Japan, and the Philippines. The Indonesian party, known as t…

  • Communism Early Forms

    Communism Early Forms of CommunismCommunist ideas can be traced back to ancient times. In his 4th-century bc work The Republic, Greek philosopher Plato maintained that minimizing social inequality would promote civil peace and good government. In Plato's ideal republic, an elite class o…

  • Censorship Early History

    Censorship Early HistoryCensorship and the ideology supporting it go back to ancient times. Every society has had customs, taboos, or laws by which speech, play, dress, religious observance, and sexual expression were regulated. (1)Resources…

  • Censorship In The World

    Censorship Censorship in the Modern WorldThe 18th century marks the beginning of the modern period, with its emphasis on toleration and liberty-a beginning that reflects the influence of the Age of Enlightenment and the American and French revolutions (see Enlightenment, Age of). Although t…

  • Centrally Planned Economy

    An economy in which basic economic decisions are made by a central planning commission or a similar state agency. Price mechanism does not determine the allocation of resources; instead the planning agency assesses resource availability and reports this to the level of government that determines pri…

  • Censors

    CensorsCensors, Roman magistrates. The Romans elected two censors, usually ex-consuls, every five years. The first task of the censors was to assess the property of the citizens as a basis for assigning individuals to the proper tribes and classes. Censors could thus place a person guilty o…