The entries below offer descriptions and cross-references of the criminal justice systems of countries around the world. Main topics include Genocide, Habeas corpus, Mandatory sentencing, Treaties and International Agreements on criminal law, Computer Crime, Death Penalty, Drug Trafficking, Financial Intelligence, Anti-Corruption and, in general, International Criminal Law issues.
Corruption Definition Corruption, wrongdoing by those in a special position of trust. The term is commonly applied to self-benefiting conduct by public officials and others dedicated to public service. (1) Corruption is not a technical term; it is not considered a criminal offence in most […]
"In full operation since 1999, Europol is associated with the European Union as the result of a decision by the political and legislative bodies of the Union. EuropolÂ’s activities are legally framed and bound to certain areas of investigation. Yet, Europol is nonetheless […]
Introduction to Criminology According to Encarta, "Criminology, the scientific study of criminals and criminal behavior. Criminologists attempt to build theories that explain why crimes occur and test those theories by observing behavior. Criminological theories help shape society's […]
Introduction to Extradition Extradition, in law, surrender by one sovereign power to another of a fugitive from justice. Between nations, the right of one power to demand of another the extradition of a fugitive accused of crime, and the duty of the country in which the fugitive has found […]
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) Interpol-Washington "Presently providing cooperation among police agencies of 181 nations, Interpol is in the United States represented by the U.S. National Central Bureau, also called Interpol-Washington, which is directed by the […]
Introduction to Criminal Procedure Criminal Procedure, body of law regulating the inquiry into whether a person has violated criminal law. Criminal procedure governs the investigation of crimes; the arrest, charging, and trial of accused criminals; and the sentencing of those convicted (found […]
See Transnational crime . The first precise attempt to codify piracy was in 1958 when the Convention on the High Seas was adopted in order to clarify the legal status of pirates and the competence to arrest pirates. These articles in the Convention on the High Seas have been incorporated into […]
International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) It is an independent, quasi-judicial expert body established by the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 by merging two bodies: the Permanent Central Narcotics Board, created by the 1925 International Opium Convention; and the Drug […]
Tax evasion is when someone has deliberately misled us about their activities to reduce their tax liability, or have not paid tax that is due. tax evasion is escaping payment by illegal means. This is obviously unlawful and is usually a criminal offence Tax evasion is when a person or a […]
International Criminal Law
Main source: Duff, Antony, "Theories of Criminal Law", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . We have focused so […]
Introduction to Criminal Law Criminal Law, branch of law that defines crimes, establishes punishments, and regulates the investigation and prosecution of people accused of committing crimes. Criminal law includes both substantive law, which is addressed in this article, and criminal […]
"From a criminological perspective, pornography has been investigated in its relationship to criminal behavior or as a form of crime itself. Research on the relation between pornography and crime has primarily focused on the impact which the exposure to pornographic materials has on […]
Extenuations Extenuations, by Bentham Text of one of the sections, titled “Extenuations” in the “Specimen of a Penal Code”, edited … Read more
Private Ethics Limits between Private Ethics and the Art of Legislation Text of the Chapter XIX, § 1, titled “Limits … Read more
References See Also Criminal Law Criminal Procedure Resources See Also Criminal Law Criminal Procedure
Criminal Procedure: Habeas Corpus Introduction to Habeas Corpus A person who has been convicted, sentenced to imprisonment, and incarcerated may apply to a court for a writ of habeas corpus, a court order to release the defendant from imprisonment. (Habeas corpus is a Latin phrase meaning […]
Congressional Regulation of Commerce as Traffic in U.S. Constitutional Law A list of entries related to Congressional Regulation of Commerce as Traffic may be found, under the Congressional Regulation of Commerce as Traffic subject group, in the United States constitutional law platform of the […]
Definition Definition of “Trafficking in persons” based on the concept provided by the United Nations Protocol To Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking In Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized […]
Trafficking in Persons Report in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On June 27, 2011, the Department of State released the 2011 Trafficking in Persons Report pursuant to § 110(b)(1) of the […]
Alibi Explained References See Also Criminal Law (in international or comparative law) Criminal Procedure (in international or comparative law) Defenses (in international or comparative law) Description of Alibi Resources See Also Criminal Law Criminal Procedure Defenses Resources See […]
Bigamy, in law, the criminal offense of marrying while one is still a partner in a valid earlier marriage. A person is not guilty of bigamy, however, if the prior marriage has been terminated by divorce or annulment. Bigamy is a crime in most Western nations, including the United States, the […]
Arraignment and Probable Cause: Main Elements The coverage of Arraignment and Probable Cause includes the following element(s): Miranda Rights For detailed information on this issue, please read the corresponding entry. References See Also Criminal Law (in international or comparative law) […]
Child Abuse, intentional acts that result in physical or emotional harm to children. The term child abuse covers a wide range of behavior, from actual physical assault by parents or other adult caretakers to neglect of a child's basic needs. Child abuse is also sometimes called child […]
Description of Aggravation In this reference work, aggravation is a sort of the Ecclesiastical law category. Resources See Also e.g. Aggravated assault Resources See Also Ecclesiastical law
Hello Due Process of Law, as administered through courts of justice in accordance with established and sanctioned legal principles and procedures, and with safeguards for the protection of individual rights. It is often referred to in such terms as the "law of the land"and […]
Organized Crime Investigation Below are some information on how the police can effectively investigate organized crime. For references to general … Read more
Criminal Justice System The Concept “Criminal justice,” was born of the mid-20th century in the United States. The first school … Read more
Road Traffic Conventions, International Agreements and Treaties A list of Road Traffic Conventions, International Agreements and Treaties Convention on Road … Read more
Defenses: Summary in the United States of America (In the U.S. law) In this entry, Defenses covers: Justification, Necessity, and Duress Defense of Property or Persons Alibi Entrapment Insanity and Diminished Capacity Defenses: Main Elements The coverage of Defenses includes the […]
Arraignment, in the law of Great Britain and the United States, the bringing of a person who has been formally accused of a crime before the court that has jurisdiction to try the person to answer the accusations of the indictment. After the accused is identified, the indictment is read, and […]
Criminal Law and Procedure: Main Elements The coverage of Criminal Law and Procedure includes the following main elements: The Right to Counsel and to Confront Hostile Witnesses For detailed information on this issue, please read the corresponding entry. The Right to a Speedy and Public Trial […]
Capture (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme), in international law, the taking possession by a belligerent vessel of an enemy or neutral merchant or non-fighting ship. If an enemy ship is captured she becomes forthwith lawful prize (q.v.); when a neutral ship, the […]
Prosecution and Trial: Main Elements The coverage of Prosecution and Trial includes the following element(s): The Right against Self-Incrimination For detailed information on this issue, please read the corresponding entry. References See Also Criminal Law (in international or comparative […]
The Right to Counsel and to Confront Hostile Witnesses Explained References See Also Criminal Law (in international or comparative law) Criminal Procedure (in international or comparative law) Resources See Also Criminal Law Criminal Procedure
Financial Crime Money laundering and terrorism financing are the two most common forms of financial crimes in developing countries. In … Read more
Transnational crime From a criminological perspective, the concept of 'transnational crime' originates from the mid-1970s when the United Nations used the term in order to identify certain criminal activities which transcend national jurisdictions. In 1995, the United Nations identified […]
Introduction to Age A perpetrator's youth has long been a defense to criminal charges because children are deemed incapable of making rational decisions for which they should be held accountable. Under the common law, a child under 7 years of age is deemed too young to be criminally […]
References See Also Criminal Law Criminal Procedure Parole Probation Mandatory Sentencing Resources See Also Criminal Law Criminal Procedure Parole Probation Mandatory Sentencing
The Right to a Speedy and Public Trial Explained References See Also Criminal Law (in international or comparative law) Criminal Procedure (in international or comparative law) Resources See Also Criminal Law Criminal Procedure
UN Convention against Corruption
United Nations Convention Against Corruption
The purposes of the Convention are to promote and strengthen measures to prevent and combat corruption […]
Female Genital Mutilation as an U.S. State Statute Topic This term is one of the topics in some U.S. State Statutes. Other topics of the World Encyclopedia of Law which are topics of some State Statures are: Licensed Public Accountants (State statute topic) Guardians Ad Litem (State […]
Introduction to Probation Probation, in U.S. criminal law, a method of substituting supervision by a court-appointed agent in lieu of imprisonment. As a general rule, probation is used mostly in instances of misdemeanors committed by youthful offenders and first offenders. A probation officer […]
Introduction to Parole Parole, in criminal law, pledge of good conduct given by a person convicted of crime as a condition of release from imprisonment before the expiration of the term of confinement. The word parole is also broadly used to denote such a conditional release or period of […]
The Legal History of Search and Seizure This section provides an overview of Search and Seizure Search and Seizure Explained References See Also Criminal Law (in international or comparative law) Criminal Procedure (in international or comparative law) Resources See Also Criminal Law […]
Bail, in law, obtaining the release from custody of a prisoner by depositing a security to guarantee the prisoner's surrender to proper legal authorities at a given time. The security itself is termed bail or bail bond monies. A prisoner may be released on bail at the discretion of the […]
Defenses to Crimes: Entrapment Introduction to Entrapment A person who is induced by the police to commit a crime that he or she would not have otherwise undertaken can claim the defense of entrapment. To prove the defense, the person must show that the idea for committing the crime originated […]
• Why is duress a problem? We want to know people actually agreed to contract of their own free will. (either under subjective or objective theory). Also violates pareto superior economic model, where at least one of the parties is better off and the other is at least not worse off. […]
Because international extradition is not compulsory in case of lack of a formal treaty (at least for the United States traditional point of view -see Extradition History), there are hundreds of bilateral extradition treaties. No country has a network of bilateral treaties that cover all […]
Introduction Capital Punishment, legal infliction of death as a penalty for violating criminal law. Throughout history people have been put to death for various forms of wrongdoing. Methods of execution have included such practices as crucifixion, stoning, drowning, burning at the stake, […]
Corruption in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Corruption: Conference of States Parties to the UN Convention against Corruption As explained in a November 25, 2013 State Department media note available at (Secretary of State website) […]