The Legal History of Church and State in United States Law This section provides an overview of Church and State in United States Law Church, Religious Society From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church, Religious Society (1): A church in one sense is more limited than a […]
Introduction to Constitutional Law Constitutional Law, system of fundamental principles on the organization of a country's government and the limitations of its powers. In the United States, constitutional law refers to legal rights that are directly addressed in the Constitution of the […]
Introduction Censorship, supervision and control of the information and ideas that are circulated among the people within a society. In modern times, censorship refers to the examination of books, periodicals, plays, films, television and radio programs, news reports, and other […]
Introduction Electoral Reform, elimination of undemocratic, dishonest, and corrupt practices in the conduct of public elections. Reform is usually effected by statutory enactments that contain provisions for accomplishing one or more of the following ends: a change in the qualification […]
Amendment Definition Amendment, in legislation, the alteration of an existing statute. In the United States Although the U.S. Congress has no power to alter the Constitution, it does have the power to repeal and alter laws. The method of amending the Constitution is provided by Article […]
The Legal History of Religion This section provides an overview of Religion. Religion & Law Pages Online Legal Resources
The Islamic Law entry The Jewish Law entry U.S. Federal Religion Law Decisions Recent U.S. Supreme Court Religion Law Decisions – at the Legal […]
Legal Materials For information on Finnish legal materials, see Finnish Law on the Internet. Constitutional Text: Finland 1919, Amendments 1930,1934,1937,1944, 1947 and 1948 1930 AMENDMENT TO FINLAND'S CONSTITUTION OF 1919, NOVEMBER 18, 1930 Number 337 Act on Amending 7 § of […]
The Legal History of Donation (Gift) This section provides an overview of Donation (Gift) Donation, Hostile, Religion From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Donation, Hostile, Religion (1): On the other hand the United States Supreme Court declared the legal right of donees […]
Anarchism, political theory that is opposed to all forms of government. Anarchists believe that the highest attainment of humanity is the freedom of individuals to express themselves, unhindered by any form of repression or control from without. They hold that the perfection of humanity will […]
Nationalism Definition Nationalism, movement in which the nation-state is regarded as the most important force for the realization of social, economic, and cultural aspirations of a people. Nationalism is characterized principally by a feeling of community among a people, based on common […]
Plebiscite Definition Plebiscite, a vote by the electorate of a nation, region, or locality on a specific question. Historical Introduction In modern times, plebiscites have been held to determine the wishes of the inhabitants of a country or area as to their choice of sovereignty and […]
Oligarchy Definition Oligarchy, in political philosophy, form of government in which the supreme power is vested in a few persons. Political writers of ancient Greece used the term to designate the debased form of an aristocracy, or government by the best citizens. In an oligarchy, the […]
Main source: Campbell, Kenneth, "Legal Rights", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . Legal rights are, clearly, rights which exist under the rules of legal systems. They raise a number of different philosophical issues. (1) […]
Description of Absolute Disparity In this reference work, absolute disparity is a sort of the Constitutional law category. Resources See Also FAIR-CROSS-SECTION REQUIREMENT DUREN TEST STATISTICAL-DECISION THEORY Comparative Disparity Jury Constitutional law
Aid, Contracts From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Aid, Contracts (1): Under the constitution of the United States, Congress cannot make appropriations for nor give aid to any denomination. Also, similar provisions are in many of the constitutions of the States. However, […]
References See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights Statutory Protection Individual Rights Resources See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights Statutory Protection Individual Rights
From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Protestant (1): In the early days, under the constitution of the State, the courts of Massachusetts practically held that the Protestant religion was the religion of that State.69 Also, the constitution of New Hampshire referred to […]
Attainder, in former English law, penalty following judgment of outlawry or sentence of death for treason or felony. Attainder required the forfeiture of the property of a condemned person and of the person's civil rights to inherit or transmit property to an heir, a condition known as […]
Description of Anti-evolution Statute In this reference work, anti-evolution statute is a sort of the Legal History category. Resources See Also Creationism Constitutional Law Schools Legal History
Libertarianism Definition Libertarianism, political philosophy emphasizing the rights of the individual. The doctrine of libertarianism stresses the right to self-ownership and, by extension, the right to private ownership of material resources and property. Advocates oppose any form of […]
References See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights Statutory Protection Individual Rights Resources See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights Statutory Protection Individual Rights
As interpreted by the US Supreme Court, the Bill of Rights is the most extensive charter of liberties in the world today. Many other nations observe most of the same rights, but not necessarily in the same way or to the same degree. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, for example, […]
Establishment of Religion, Free Exercise From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Establishment of Religion, Free Exercise (1): The first amendment to the United States constitution provides that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or […]
References See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights Statutory Protection Individual Rights Resources See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights Statutory Protection Individual Rights
Statutory Law Definition Statutory law is written and set by a legislative act. Statutes can originate with a local municipality or with the state or national legislatures. Read more about the definition of Statutory Law in the legal dictionary. Statutory Law Updating Due to the number […]
1. Record – Fernandez – Vargas v. Gonzales 2. Fernandez-Vargas v. Gonzales 3. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld 4. United States v. Noriega 5. Islamic American Relief Agency v. Gonzales 6. Al-Marri v. Wright 7. El-Masri v. United States 8. […]
Description of Amish Exception Resources See Also Compulsory-Attendance Law Free Exercise Clause Constitutional Law Schools
Ballot Definition Ballot, in modern usage, a sheet of paper used in voting, usually in an electoral system that allows the voter to make choices secretly. The term may also designate the method and act of voting secretly by means of a mechanical device. Used in elections in all democratic […]
Preamble in the National Constitutions Most constitutions start with a short preamble. Some countries, notably the scandinavian ones, do not use preambles at all. Others use the preamble for long introductions or even very long descriptions of historical events. Preambles are also the […]
The Legal History of Equal Protection This section provides an overview of Equal Protection Due Process and Equal Protection: An Overview: Main Elements in the United States of America (In the U.S. law) The coverage of Due Process and Equal Protection: An Overview includes the following main […]
Description of Ashwander Rules Resources See Also Constitutional Law
Jobs, Salaries and Careers See more about legal careers here. Constitutional Lawyer Jobs Constitutional Lawyer Salary Constitutional Lawyer Career How to Become a Constitutional Lawyer Constitutional Lawyer Description What a Constitutional Lawyer Do? Law Clerks In the United […]
In the Sphere of Government The business of judicature, requiring as it does the possession of a high degree of technical skill and knowledge, is generally entrusted by the sovereign body or people to a separate and independent class of functionaries. In England the appellate jurisdiction of […]
Constitutional Law: Individual Rights: Main Elements The coverage of Constitutional Law: Individual Rights includes the following main elements: Due Process and Equal Protection: An Overview For detailed information on this issue, please read the corresponding entry. Statutory Protection of […]
Other Individual Rights Explained References See Also Constitutional Law (in international or comparative law) Individual Rights (in international or comparative law) Resources See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights
Bolshevism Definition Bolshevism, Communist doctrine based on the theories of Karl Marx as formulated by Lenin. Background These theories were outlined at the second congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party held in London in 1903. The divergent viewpoints of the delegates […]
Office, God From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Office, God (1): The constitutions of Arkansas, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas, prohibit a man from holding office who denies the existence of a Supreme Being; and the constitutions of Delaware, […]
References See Also Constitutional Law Individual Rights Freedom of Speech Press Media Law
Legal Materials Most large and medium sized U.S. and Canadian libraries are listed in the American Library Directory (Information Today, Inc.), available in print or online. Libweb links to the websites for thousands of libraries around the world. U.S. Depository Libraries: […]
Introduction to Freedom of Religion Freedom of Religion, right of a person to form personal religious beliefs according to his or her own conscience and to give public expression to these beliefs in worship and teaching, restricted only by the requirements of public order. Religious liberty […]
Statutory Protection of Individual Rights: Summary In this entry, Statutory Protection of Individual Rights covers: Freedom of Religion Establishment Clause Free Exercise Clause Tension between the Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses Statutory Protection of Individual Rights: Main […]
Legal Issues International treaties and conventions are, or should be, based on the presumption that all sovereign states are equal. This presumption forms the basis for the operation of the rules of conflict of laws.5 No country can directly enforce its domestic law within the territory of […]
From the article "Judicial Appointments and Judicial Independence", authored by Tom Ginsburg for US Institute for Peace (January 2009) "Judicial independence is a central goal of most legal systems, and systems of appointment are seen as a crucial mechanism to achieve this […]
Introduction to Attorney General Attorney General, in the United States and the United Kingdom, the chief law officer of the government. The duties of the attorney general are to advise and represent the government in important legal matters and to initiate and supervise legal proceedings […]
Introduction to Constitutional Rights Constitutional Rights, those protections and privileges under law which are set out in a constitution or based on constitutional provisions as interpreted by a court." (1) Resources Notes and References Information about &…
From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Christian Scientist (1): A law requiring a person to be a physician to treat the sick, is constitutional; and the defense of a person who has no license to practise, that he is a Christian Scientist, is not good. Also, a parent must […]
From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Religious Tests (1): The constitution of the United States provides that "no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States."61 Resources Notes and References […]
Hospitals, Sisters, Appropriation From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Hospitals, Sisters, Appropriation (1): In 1864, Providence Hospital, of Washington, was incorporated by an act of Congress, for general hospital purposes. In 1897, $30,000 was appropriated for the […]
Religious Liberty, Bible, Religious Garb, Wages From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Religious Liberty, Bible, Religious Garb, Wages (1): The authorities are not uniform as to what constitutes a violation of religious liberty. The question of whether the reading of the […]
Lawyer or legislator? "How it chanced that a man who reasoned on his premises so ably should assume his premises so foolishly, is one of the great mysteries of human nature. The same inconsistency may be observed in the schoolmen of the middle ages. Those writers show so much […]