Search results for: “anti trust rules”
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Berlin Rules
The Berlin Rules The Berlin Rules on Water Resources Introduction In 1966, the International Law Association approved the Helsinki Rules on the Uses of International Rivers (ILA 1966). The Helsinki Rules quickly came to be seen as the authoritative summary of the customary international […]
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Berlin Rules
The Berlin Rules The Berlin Rules on Water Resources Introduction In 1966, the International Law Association approved the Helsinki Rules on the Uses of International Rivers (ILA 1966). The Helsinki Rules quickly came to be seen as the authoritative summary of the customary international […]
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Anti-Corruption
Anti-Corruption Introduction By Anne Peters The 172 ratifications of the UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), which was adopted in 2003, shows that States around the world are – at least verbally – committed to the international fight against corruption… In the 1990s, the United States achieved adoption of a treaty to criminalize foreign bribery, namely…
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Jurisdiction in Cross-Border Antitrust Disputes
Jurisdiction in Cross-Border Antitrust Disputes Dispute Settlement in Trade Overview This secton covers the extent to which international rules and procedures can be and are used to solve difficult inter-firm and inter-governmental problems in international trade and investment. Topics This section provides an in depth examination of cases that have been litigated either at the…
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General Anti Avoidance Rule
General Anti-avoidance Rule The general anti-avoidance rule (“GAAR”) in the taxation system The GAAR allows Tax Authorities to override the tax consequences that would otherwise apply in a given situation, if those tax consequences are the product of tax avoidance. A General Anti-avoidance Rule can perform a useful role in the tax system, as a…
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Outline of Trust and Estates
Outline of Trust and Estates Note: this is based in United States law I. POLICY AND INTRODUCTION A. Dead Hand Control 1. Controlling consideration in determining meaning of a donative document is donor’s intention 2. Courts cannot consider wisdom, fairness, or reasonableness of donation 3. Courts can only bar donations if they are prohibited or…
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Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic 2
Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic ARTICLE 3 POLLUTION FROM LAND-BASED SOURCES The Contracting Parties shall take, individually and jointly, all possible steps to prevent and eliminate pollution from land-based sources in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, in particular as provided for in Annex I.…
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Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic 2
Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic ARTICLE 3 POLLUTION FROM LAND-BASED SOURCES The Contracting Parties shall take, individually and jointly, all possible steps to prevent and eliminate pollution from land-based sources in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, in particular as provided for in Annex I.…
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Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area
Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area Article III Meeting of the Parties 1. The Meeting of the Parties shall be the decision-making body of this Agreement. 2. The Depositary shall convene, in consultation with the Secretariat of the Convention, a session of the Meeting…
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Interest on lawyer trust accounts
Interest on lawyer trust accounts Interest on Lawyer Trust Accounts is a program where the interest earned from money held in lawyer trust accounts is paid to the state bar association rather then to the owners of the money itself. The program is mandatory, and administered by each individual state. The rules and regulations vary…
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Should Trusts file income tax returns to the IRS?
Should Trusts file income tax returns to the IRS? Trusts must file a Form 1041, U.S. Income Tax Return for Estates and Trusts, for each taxable year where the trust has $600 in income or the trust has a non-resident alien as a beneficiary. However, if the trust is classified as a grantor trust, it…
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Rule of Law
Rule of law Definition Rule of law means that any act of the government must be done through laws, that no one is above the law. However this principle has many controversial aspects, the core of it requires that fair laws should apply to all persons in a given jurisdiction. It also means […]
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Rule of Law
Rule of law Definition Rule of law means that any act of the government must be done through laws, that no one is above the law. However this principle has many controversial aspects, the core of it requires that fair laws should apply to all persons in a given jurisdiction. It also means […]
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Pre-packaging
Hierarchical Display of Pre-packaging Trade > Marketing > Preparation for market Concept of Pre-packaging See the dictionary definition of Pre-packaging. Characteristics of Pre-packaging [rtbs name=”xxx-xxx”] Resources Translation of Pre-packaging Spanish: Preacondicionamiento French: […]
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Pre-packaging
Hierarchical Display of Pre-packaging Trade > Marketing > Preparation for market Concept of Pre-packaging See the dictionary definition of Pre-packaging. Characteristics of Pre-packaging [rtbs name=”xxx-xxx”] Resources Translation of Pre-packaging Spanish: Preacondicionamiento French: […]