Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Religious Tests From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Religious Tests (1): The constitution of the United States provides that "no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States."61 Resources Notes and References [...]...
2. Subsequent Constitution, Subsequent Laws From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Constitution, Subsequent Laws (1): An ecclesiastical society formed before the adoption of the state constitution is not by that constitution and subsequent laws concerning religious societies divested of [...]...
3. Religious Society Church, Religious Society From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church, Religious Society (1): Bouvier's definition of "Church" is: "A society of persons who profess the Christian religion." Chief Justice Shaw's definition is: "The church [...]...
4. Ecclesiastical Corporations Ecclesiastical Corporations, Religious, Quasi-public Corporations From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Ecclesiastical Corporations, Religious, Quasi-public Corporations (1): Ecclesiastical corporations, in the sense in which the word is used in England, Germany, and [...]...
5. Restrictions In the United States For information about Restrictions in the context of international trade, click here...
6. Doctrine Doctrine, Constitution From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Doctrine, Constitution (1): A church in law is a mere fraternal organization. It may or may not have a written constitution, but it must have some central doctrine as its foundation or constitution.25 Many of the [...]...
7. Excommunication Major Excommunication From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Major Excommunication (1): As excommunication non tolerati affects the rights of citizenship, it is not lawful in England nor the United States. To say that A. has been excommunicated in any form, if untrue, is [...]...
8. Hand Vote Ballot, Hand Vote From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Ballot, Hand Vote (1): The vote of a religious society at an annual meeting for the election of officers that the officers shall always be chosen by ballot, does not vitiate an election of officers by hand vote at a [...]...
9. Religious Tenets Conditions, Religious Tenets From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Conditions, Religious Tenets (1): In order to determine the conditions of a trust the religious tenets of the donor may be shown to aid in construction of ambiguous provisions.572 Resources Notes and [...]...
10. Religious Tolerance Religious Tolerance, Established Church From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Religious Tolerance, Established Church (1): The English law and English ideals prevailing in the original thirteen colonies,21 there was a strong effort made by many of the delegates to the [...]...
11. Religious Liberty Religious Liberty, Bible, Religious Garb, Wages From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Religious Liberty, Bible, Religious Garb, Wages (1): The authorities are not uniform as to what constitutes a violation of religious liberty. The question of whether the reading of the [...]...
12. Religious Membership Business, Religious Membership From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Business, Religious Membership (1): Unless there is some other law or rule to the contrary, the male members of the congregation over twenty-one years of age constitute the business membership of a [...]...
13. Unincorporation Unincorporated, Trustee From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Unincorporated, Trustee (1): The question whether an unincorporated religious society may take a gift or devise, is determined by the law of domicile.458 Generally an unincorporated religious association can not [...]...
14. Supporting Church Supporting Church, Mississippi From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Supporting Church, Mississippi (1): In the early ages of the States several of them had laws for taxing all the property in parishes laid out by the State for the support of Protestant churches. Gradually [...]...
15. Aid Aid, Contracts From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Aid, Contracts (1): Under the constitution of the United States, Congress cannot make appropriations for nor give aid to any denomination. Also, similar provisions are in many of the constitutions of the States. However, [...]...
16. Bequests Corporations, Bequests From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Corporations, Bequests (1): Foreign religious corporations may be entitled to recover bequests made to them in some States; but the general rule is that a foreign religious society has no better right to take [...]...
17. Legal Notice Notice, Legal From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Notice, Legal (1): All the proceedings of a corporation, including notice, must be in accordance with the constitution and by-laws, and no business transacted contrary thereto is legal.129 Resources Notes and References [...]...
18. Corporators Corporators, Change From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Corporators, Change (1): In isolated cases here and there it has been held that a majority of the corporators of a religious society has the right to change the form of church government, as from the Congregational [...]...
19. Constitutional Rights Introduction to Constitutional Rights Constitutional Rights, those protections and privileges under law which are set out in a constitution or based on constitutional provisions as interpreted by a court." (1) Resources Notes and References Information about &......
20. Disturbances Injunction, Closing Church, Paying Money, Disturbances From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Injunction, Closing Church, Paying Money, Disturbances (1): A court of equity will issue an injunction against the trustees of a church from wrongfully closing it or keeping it [...]...
21. By-laws By-Laws By-Laws From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about By-Laws (1): By-laws of the different religious organizations differ widely, from the decrees of the great councils of the Catholic Church down to the vote of the congregation of an independent denomination. By-Laws, [...]...
22. Monks Monks, Missions, Title From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Monks, Missions, Title (1): The fact that the monks or priests were at the head of the missions in California when it was acquired by the United States, does not prove that the Catholic Church had universal [...]...
23. Presumptions Presumptions, Usage From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Presumptions, Usage (1): The usage of a church or the laws of its organization as a religious society, if they are to be considered in deciding legal controversies, must be proved as facts.407 In the absence of [...]...
24. Purposes Purposes, Exempt From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Purposes, Exempt (1): Only church property that is actually used for church or charitable purposes, is exempt from taxation. Property held for its increase or profit is not exempt.587 Land bought for a church on which [...]...
25. Religious Courts True Religion, Courts From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about True Religion, Courts (1): Ordinarily the civil courts do not interfere where there is a question as to which of two or more parties is adhering to the true religious teaching of the denomination. If no question [...]...
26. Misuse Perversion, Misuse, Suit From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Perversion, Misuse, Suit (1): Unless there is substantial departure from the purpose of the trust which amounts to a perversion of it, a court of equity will not interfere to prevent the misuse or abuse of a [...]...
27. Trust Dissolution Dissolution, Resulting Trust From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Dissolution, Resulting Trust (1): On dissolution of a religious society, the money collected or derived from the sale of property goes back as a resulting trust to the contributors.585 Resources Notes and [...]...
28. Factions Factions, Authority From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Factions, Authority (1): Where two factions of a church, each claiming to be the church, try members of the other faction, a court may determine which of the factions is the authorized authority or that the action [...]...
29. Incorporation Incorporation, Evidence From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Incorporation, Evidence (1): The certificate of incorporation or charter of a religious society or a certified copy thereof from the public record, is the proper evidence thereof.115 Secondary evidence and [...]...
30. Bishop Protestant, Ministers, Bishop From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Protestant, Ministers, Bishop (1): In most church organizations the authority is divided into superior and inferior. In countries where there is an established Protestant church, the superior authority is [...]...
31. Disturbing Disturbing a Religious Meeting From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Disturbing a Religious Meeting (1): Under a statute against disturbing a religious meeting, it has been held that it should define what disturbance is punishable.709Also, mere want of attention or [...]...
32. Protestant From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Protestant (1): In the early days, under the constitution of the State, the courts of Massachusetts practically held that the Protestant religion was the religion of that State.69 Also, the constitution of New Hampshire referred to [...]...
33. Harmony Title, Harmony, Division From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Title, Harmony, Division (1): The title to church property in a divided congregation is in that part of the congregation which acts in harmony with the law of the denomination; and the ecclesiastical laws and [...]...
34. Usage By-Laws, Usage From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about By-Laws, Usage (1): If there is no law of a religious society determining the mode of conducting an election, the corporation may provide by-laws therefor; and if the corporation should fail to make such by-laws, a long [...]...
35. Parish From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Parish (1): A parish has two meanings. In some States it is a minor division of public territory; but in States where there is no such division of territory, the State using instead "county" or "town," a parish [...]...
36. Sale Restrictions Sale, Restrictions From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Sale, Restrictions (1): In some States when not restricted by the laws of the organization the parish corporation may sell the premises in order to pay the church debts. However, it is not a common law right.467 [...]...
37. Sins Sins, Crimes, Discipline From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Sins, Crimes, Discipline (1): Crimes are offenses against the civil law. The fact that the church organization may try and punish a member for sinning, or acquit him, has nothing whatever to do with the [...]...
38. Mortgage Introduction to Mortgage Mortgage, legal instrument that pledges a house or other real estate as security for repayment of a loan. By providing a guarantee that the loan will be paid back, a mortgage enables a person to buy property without having the funds to pay for it outright. If the [...]...
39. Decisions Citation Notes The International Court of Justice publishes its decisions in Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders (abbreviated 'ICJ Rep'). The Permanent Court of International Justice published its decisions in series A, series B and series A/B of Publications of the Pe......
40. Collateral Attack From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Collateral Attack (1): A devise of land to a religious society which will increase the title beyond the amount that is allowed by statute, can not be attacked collaterally by a private individual.548 It is for the State and not for the [...]...
41. Redress Bishop, Priest, Redress From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Bishop, Priest, Redress (1): When a bishop removes a priest in the regular way according to the rules and discipline of his church, the priest has no redress.358 Also, when a priest has submitted his case to the [...]...
42. Undertaker Sexton, Undertaker, Authorities From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Sexton, Undertaker, Authorities (1): The sexton who has charge of the church property may lawfully remove from the church an undertaker who, after being warned to desist and leave, persists in conducting [...]...
43. Church Tribunal Church Tribunal, Courts From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Church Tribunal, Courts (1): Courts are reluctant to interfere in the church doctrine or discipline or inquire into the regularity of the proceedings of the church tribunal. When such tribunal has deposed a [...]...
44. Lot Isolated Lot Isolated, Not Exempt From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Lot Isolated, Not Exempt (1): A lot isolated from the other property of the church of a congregation, is not exempt because the congregation intends to build a church thereon in the future, and actually did [...]...
45. Officers Officers, Discipline, Property From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Officers, Discipline, Property (1): When a church society incorporates it becomes a private corporation, and the officers are bound to manage the property in the most upright and careful manner according [...]...
46. Suits Suits, Parties From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Suits, Parties (1): When a church is incorporated, it should be sued in its corporate name; but when the bishop of the Catholic church holds the legal title to the land in litigation, he should be made a party.144 And if [...]...
47. Gambling The Legal History of Gambling in Chinese Law This section provides an overview of Gambling in Chinese Law "Fair," Chances, Gambling From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about "Fair," Chances, Gambling (1): A church "fair" at which chances are sold, [...]...
48. Lease Lease, Purposes From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Lease, Purposes (1): A religious literary society and scientific corporation has power to lease part of a building owned by it for theatrical and operatic purposes.532 Resources Notes and References Charles M. [...]...
49. Societies Societies, Secular Work From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Societies, Secular Work (1): Business meetings of benevolent and church societies for benevolent or church work may be held on Sunday. Even the constitution of such societies may be amended on Sunday. However, [...]...
50. Uses Uses and Trusts From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Uses and Trusts (1): The chapter of the Wisconsin statutes on religious societies, although not included in the same title as the chapter abolishing all uses and trusts excepting as therein created, was not intended to [...]...
51. Deficiency Judgment Mortgage, Deficiency Judgment From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Mortgage, Deficiency Judgment (1): Where a mortgage had been foreclosed against church property before the congregation was incorporated, a deficiency judgment can not be rendered against such church [...]...
52. Masonic Order Masonic Order, Charity, Elks From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Masonic Order, Charity, Elks (1): A charity which is confined exclusively to the members of the Masonic Order and their families or to the widows and children of deceased members or those who are directly [...]...
53. Revenues Control, Revenues From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Control, Revenues (1): The trustees of a corporation of a church or of a religious society have entire control over the revenues of such body.501 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The [...]...
54. Suit Sect, Suit, Property From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Sect, Suit, Property (1): A number of people formed a congregation and became incorporated in 1810, the members being mostly of Presbyterian extraction. This independent congregation bought and paid for property, [...]...
55. Ground Charter, Ground, Members From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Charter, Ground, Members (1): An application for a charter to incorporate a cemetery need not specifically locate the ground.761 The charter or the articles of incorporation, or by-laws made under them, [...]...
56. Board Control Board, Control From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Board, Control (1): When the laws of the organization give control of matters to the board of trustees, the majority of the members of the church can not control the action of the trustees contrary to the usages and [...]...
57. Lands Limitation, Lands From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Limitation, Lands (1): A statute of the State prohibiting a religious society from holding more than twenty acres, applies to a single parish or congregation and not to the entire denomination when it consists of more [...]...
58. Name Change Name, Change From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Name, Change (1): The name of an ecclesiastical corporation is arbitrary and a change or alteration in its name does not affect its identity.126 A charter will not be granted to a church with a name so like another church [...]...
59. Pew Members Members, Pew From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Members, Pew (1): Members of the congregation may be required to pay for a pew or sitting in the church, and where a priest ejected a member from the church because he would not rent a pew, he was sustained by the [...]...
60. Unincorporated Unincorporated, Authority From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Unincorporated, Authority (1): When a church is not incorporated, all its elections and proceedings, so far as they are not contrary to the laws of the State, must be in accordance with the rules and [...]...
61. Manumission The Legal History of ManumissionThis section provides an overview of Manumission ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Manumission in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford University Press) The Oxford [...]...
62. Ambiguous Provision Donor, Ambiguous Provision From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Donor, Ambiguous Provision (1): The religious convictions of the donor may be shown for the purpose of construing an ambiguous provision of a deed or will.488 Resources Notes and References Charles M. [...]...
63. Arrears Voting, Pew-Rent, Arrears From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Voting, Pew-Rent, Arrears (1): Where a church is incorporated and by its charter or the laws of the State it has authority to make reasonable by-laws, a by-law which prohibits any person from voting whose [...]...
64. Standard Doctrine, Standard From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Doctrine, Standard (1): To ascertain the tenets and doctrines of a church, resort must be had to history and to prior and contemporary standard writings of its members on theology.31 Resources Notes and References [...]...
65. Temporal Affairs Temporal Affairs, Management From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Temporal Affairs, Management (1): A majority of a religious corporation at a regularly called meeting may, by a vote taken, bind the minority in all temporal affairs.120 The character of membership in the [...]...
66. Y M C A From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Y M C A (1): The Y. M. C. A. on account of giving lunches, lectures, and having a gymnasium, for which charges are made, is not a charitable institution so as to be exempt from liability in case of negligence. Property is exempt only [...]...
67. Discipline Use, Change, Parsonage, Discipline, Doctrine, Curate From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Use, Change, Parsonage, Discipline, Doctrine, Curate (1): When a fee simple is acquired by a religious corporation, without restriction as to quantity, but limiting the purpose of its [...]...
68. Special Law Special Law, General Laws From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Special Law, General Laws (1): In most of the States there is a special law under which congregations may be incorporated. New York is a good example.111 Where such law does not exist, the congregation may be [...]...
69. Mutilation The Legal History of Mutilation in Chinese LawThis section provides an overview of Mutilation in Chinese Law ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Mutilation in Chinese Law in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History [...]...
70. Special Damages Business or Property, Special Damages From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Business or Property, Special Damages (1): A company incorporated for the purpose of transacting business which would include hospitals, schools, and industrial institutions, may maintain an action [...]...
71. Nuns Nuns, Vows, Property From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Nuns, Vows, Property (1): When joining a society of nuns, one of the vows taken was that all property should be held in common and whatever property was received after taking the vows should belong to the society. [...]...
72. Official Communication Official Communication, Privileged From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Official Communication, Privileged (1): An official communication between authorities of the church or an authority and a member of the church concerning a church matter or church members and not made [...]...
73. Proper Record From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Proper Record (1): A book kept by a minister, which contained a regular statement in proper form of the admission of members, choice of officers, and transaction of business of the church, which was the only book kept by the parish, is [...]...
74. Sacraments From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Sacraments (1): To publish of a person that he has been deprived of the sacraments of the church to which he belongs, is libelous.692 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law. The Law [...]...
75. Undue Influence The Legal History of Undue Influence in Medieval and Post-Medieval Roman LawThis section provides an overview of Undue Influence in Medieval and Post-Medieval Roman Law ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Undue Influence in Medieval [...]...
76. Minister From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Minister (1): A minister is one who acts as, or performs some of the functions of, a clergyman.55 Resources Notes and References Charles M. Scanlan, The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law. The Law of Church and Grave (1909), Benziger [...]...
77. Politics Politics Politics From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Politics (1): A minister who had been expelled by his congregation for voting the Democratic ticket, had some of the members of the church arrested under the election laws for intimidating a voter. The court held that [...]...
78. Uniformity From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Uniformity (1): Every entry required to be kept by the laws of the State as well as the rules of the Church, should be kept as to births, marriages, and death. Every diocese should have uniform record books in all parishes and every [...]...
79. Void Devise, Void From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Devise, Void (1): A parent may leave money to a child payable in yearly instalments on condition that said child shall continue to be a member of a particular church and attend the regular meetings thereof, and in case he [...]...
80. Adverse Possession Adverse Possession, Color of Title From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Adverse Possession, Color of Title (1): A religious corporation may obtain title to land by adverse possession. The length of such possession is determined by the laws of the State, the usual period [...]...
81. Disturbance Profane Language, Smoking, Disturbance From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Profane Language, Smoking, Disturbance (1): Rude behavior or profane language if audible,700 smoking in the church or during services,701 cracking and eating nuts in church,702 and fighting near [...]...
82. Fraternity Fraternity, Excommunicated, Bequest From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Fraternity, Excommunicated, Bequest (1): Where a church member was also a member of an insurance fraternity connected with his church, the constitution of which required that every member of the [...]...
83. Mail Mail, Obscene Language From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Mail, Obscene Language (1): Under the United States postal laws against sending "obscene, lewd or lascivious" books or papers through the mail, a person can not be convicted without proof that the [...]...
84. Vest Burned, Revert, Vested From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Burned, Revert, Vested (1): The fact that a church on lands donated to the parish, on condition of sustaining the church, burned down, the title did not revert to the grantor's heirs.524 Also land granted a [...]...
85. Withdrawal Price A floor price at which European Economic Community producers of certain food products may withhold their goods from the market. The withdrawal price is generally below the base price (i.e., the target price set for a given commodity) and the purchase price at which EEC governments will intervene in ......
86. Withdrawal of Finding Withdrawal of Finding: Vef Banka in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): On August 1, 2011, FinCEN withdrew a finding of primary money laundering concern and repealed the rule imposing a special measure [...]...
87. Withdrawal of Recognition Embracing mainstream international law, this section on withdrawal of recognition explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "recognition, withdrawal of" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
88. Withdrawal From Treaty Embracing mainstream international law, this section on withdrawal from treaty explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "withdrawal, treaty from" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International [...]...
89. Withdrawal From International Organizations Embracing mainstream international law, this section on withdrawal from international organizations explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "withdrawal, international organizations, from" in the Parry and [...]...
90. Compensatory Withdrawal The cancellation of a trade concession by a nation in retaliation for the withdrawal of a concession by a trading partner.......
91. Negotiable Order of Withdrawal Resources See Also N.O.W. account...
92. Will Introduction to Will Will, in law, disposition by an individual of his or her property, intended to take effect after death. A disposition of real property by will is termed a devise; a disposition of personal property by will is termed a bequest. The person making a will, called the testato......
93. Wills The Legal History of Wills This general section provides an overview of Wills and its historical context. History of Wills in the English Common Law See the main entry of this legal history topic here. Testamentary Disposition in Islamic Law See the main entry of this legal history [...]...
94. Division Division in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: By divisions, we mean something that is uniform throughout the constitution, not subsections that only appear sporadically....
95. Majority Majority (By an unspecified method) in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: In any majority electoral system, there is necessariliy a method of deciding the winner when no single option has a majority of the votes cast. However, the method is not always specified in the [...]...
96. Control Mother Church, Control From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Mother Church, Control (1): A majority of the members of a congregation can not by their vote leave the church and transfer the property of the congregation to another church so long as any portion of the [...]...
97. Heresy and Secession Heresy And Secession In relation to religious matters, find out about Heresy And Secession and the following issues in this world legal Encyclopedia: Mother Church, Control Seceders, Funds Society, Foreign Language, Independent Subordinate, Incorporated "Church," Seceders, Debt ...
98. Independent Society, Foreign Language, Independent From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Society, Foreign Language, Independent (1): The formation of a society distinct from the rest of the congregation for the purpose of instruction in a portion of the doctrine of the same church in [...]...
99. Quarrel Methodist, Slaveholding, Non-Slaveholding, Quarrel, Schism, Secession From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Methodist, Slaveholding, Non-Slaveholding, Quarrel, Schism, Secession (1): The division of the Methodist church into distinct organizations of slaveholding and [...]...
100. Seceder Seceders, Funds From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Seceders, Funds (1): Nor can seceders from a religious denomination retain the funds in their hands as trustees on the ground that they were members of the society when the funds accrued.222 The title to church property [...]...
101. Seceders "Church," Seceders, Debt From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about "Church," Seceders, Debt (1): Where a religious society amended its constitution as provided therein, those who adhered to the amended constitution constituted the"church," and [...]...
102. Subordinate Subordinate, Incorporated From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Subordinate, Incorporated (1): A religious society subordinate to church judicatures, which declares itself independent and becomes incorporated under the general law of the state and subsequently purchases [...]...
103. Wages Minimum-wage laws Minimum-wage laws are a traditional bête noire of free-market economists because a government-mandated wage floor interferes with freedom of contract between employers and employees. Moreover, a law that increases wages is expected to reduce employment, because the [...]...
104. Worship The Legal History of Worship in Islamic LawThis section provides an overview of Worship in Islamic Law ResourcesSee AlsoLegal Biography Legal Traditions Historical Laws History of Law Further Reading Worship in Islamic Law in the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (Oxford [...]...
105. Waiver Waiver and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Waiver: A legal exception in GA n whereby a contracting party --with the approval of other GATT members --may maintain a specific [...]...
106. Wards Indians, Citizens, Wards From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Indians, Citizens, Wards (1): There are a great number of statutory provisions concerning Indians, both in the United States statutes and in the statutes of the several States, most of which are not of great [...]...
107. Wedding Pranks Charivari, Wedding Pranks From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Charivari, Wedding Pranks (1): Charivari, assaults, and disorderly conduct are unlawful at all times, and can not be justified by custom.841 A newly wedded man who was serenaded (charivaried) by his neighbors [...]...
108. Written Notice Written Notice, Prayer Meeting From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Written Notice, Prayer Meeting (1): Where a five days' written notice is required to hold church meetings, an oral notice given on Sunday evening at the prayer meeting is not sufficient for a meeting [...]...
109. African Convention for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Contents African Convention for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources   Article I The Contracting States hereby establish an ... Read more...
110. WIPO Copyright Treaty Part 2 Contents WIPO Copyright Treaty Part 2   6 Technological Protection Measures in the United States, the European Union and Germany: ... Read more...
111. Wikipedia in the Courtroom Contents Wikipedia in the Courtroom Is Wikipedia a reference in the courtroom? In “The Citation of Wikipedia in American Judicial ... Read more...
112. Libel A lawsuit in admiralty jurisdiction.......
113. Wisemen's Group Known formally as the Japan-United States Economic Relations Group, a semi-official committee consisting of four members each from Japan and the United States which considers economic relations between the two countries and makes recommendations to their governments. The group was created by joint a......
114. Answer Answer Answer (law), response of a defendant to a plaintiff's complaint. In an answer, the defendant may offer a defense disputing the allegations, or confess to the allegations but allege new matter that renders the complaint moot. A confession of guilt also constitutes a form of answer. [...]...
115. Attainder Attainder, in former English law, penalty following judgment of outlawry or sentence of death for treason or felony. Attainder required the forfeiture of the property of a condemned person and of the person's civil rights to inherit or transmit property to an heir, a condition known as [...]...
116. Church and State Political Theory: Church and State Introduction to Church and State Important shifts of emphasis have usually been related to the challenges of concrete historical and social problems. In the Middle Ages, for example, much political writing dealt with the outstanding political issue ......
117. Constitutional Law Introduction to Constitutional Law Constitutional Law, system of fundamental principles on the organization of a country's government and the limitations of its powers. In the United States, constitutional law refers to legal rights that are directly addressed in the Constitution of the [...]...
118. Debt Introduction to Debt Debt, in law, obligation, enforceable by legal action, to make payment of money. In modern law the term debt has no precisely fixed meaning and may be regarded essentially as that which one person legally owes to another. Under common law, however, an action for debt was a [...]...
119. Deed Introduction to Deed Deed, in law, written instrument that transfers an interest in real estate. The term deed was formerly applied also to other solemn written instruments, including trust indentures, contracts, and bills of sale. A modern deed usually consists of several distinct parts. It......
120. Error Introduction to Error Error, act, assertion, or function that unintentionally deviates from what is correct, right, or true." (1) From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Error (1): A clerical error in the name of the grantee will not make a deed void. However, when such [...]...