Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Card Voter Card in Election Law Document issued after voter registration, entitling a person to vote. The card usually mentions the name, date of birth, address and sometimes the polling station where the cardholder must vote. Some legislations require the person to show their voter card as well as [...]...
2. Postal Vote Postal Vote in Election Law Process by which a voter exercises his or her right to vote from home by sending in his or her ballot by mail. It implies previous identification of the voter. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
3. Election Process Election Process in Election Law Set of legal measures and concrete operations needed to hold an election. A starting point may be a writ or decree calling voters to vote in a particular election and may require the adoption of an electoral law. The election process includes voter [...]...
4. Credibility Credibility in Election Law In the context of elections, voter confidence in the electoral process, including voter registration, the electoral system, procedures, vote count, etc., and also in the main actors: political parties, candidates, the Election Management Body (EMB) and the media, [...]...
5. Proxy Voting Proxy Voting or Vote by Proxy in Election Law Vote cast by a person on behalf of another, as stipulated by law, when he or she cannot exercise his or her right to vote in person. To vote by proxy, the voter must nominate a trusted person whom he or she delegates to vote on his or her behalf. [...]...
6. Protest Vote Protest Vote in Election Law A voter's choice that expresses his or her dissatisfaction or mistrust of the candidates in the race or of the election process itself. A protest vote may take the form of a blank or spoilt ballot in the ballot box, or a vote for a candidate who has no chance [...]...
7. Ordinary Vote Ordinary Vote in Election Law Vote cast by a voter on election day in the appropriate polling station. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
8. Ballots Challenged Ballot in Election Law Any type of ballot paper that is contested. These are temporarily excluded from the count and set aside to clarify their validity. Discarded Ballot in Election Law Ballot paper issued to a voter and recorded as such but not placed in the ballot box. For [...]...
9. Electoral Roll Display of The Voter List or Electoral Roll in Election Law Procedure in which an election authority makes voter lists available to the public, for example in towns and villages, after the process of voter registration has been completed. The purpose is to allow citizens who registered to make [...]...
10. Secret Ballot Secret Ballot in Election Law A fundamental principle in democratic elections, by which the voter is entitled to vote without being seen by others, a potential source of pressure and intimidation which could invalidate the freedom of choice. An election authority is therefore obliged to [...]...
11. Advance Voting Advance Voting in Election Law Method by which a registered voter who cannot vote on election day may do so earlier. This can be done in several ways, including by postal vote or at a specific location. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
12. Invalid Ballot Invalid Ballot in Election Law Voting paper that is marked incorrectly, in a way that does not conform with the electoral law and procedures, or is illegible so that the voter's choice cannot be determined. Several things can invalidate a ballot, according to the electoral law: (1) a [...]...
13. Open Voting Open Voting in Election Law Situation whereby a voter casts his or her vote in front of everybody in the polling station, meaning the vote is no longer secret. This may happen due to a voter's own carelessness (does not fold his or her ballot paper when leaving the polling booth or simply [...]...
14. Absentee Vote Absentee Vote or Ballot in Election Law Method by which a person may vote without going to the polling station on election day. Depending on national laws, the voter has a certain period of time during which he or she can obtain a ballot before the election. The ballot paper is filled out and [...]...
15. Electoral Rights Electoral Rights in Election Law All the civil rights and liberties that a citizen may enjoy in the context of an election, including the right to register as a voter, the right to vote, stand as a candidate, join a political party and campaign. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws [...]...
16. Participation Spanish Translation of participationThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to participation and / or a definition of this topic: Participación (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
17. Deadline Deadline For Voter Registration in Election Law Date after which citizens may no longer register to exercise their right to vote. Voter registration occurs over a specific period, defined by electoral law. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
18. Preliminary Preliminary Results in Election Law Total or partial results released by the electoral administration. They cannot be considered final or official until all complaints and appeals have been resolved. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
19. Targeting Targeting and International Trade Economy Resources See Also industrial targeting...
20. Eligibility In the United States For information about Eligibility in the context of international trade, click here Eligibility (to be Elected) in Election Law The legal capacity to be a candidate. Eligibility (to Vote) in Election Law The legal capacity to be a voter. Resources See Also Disability [...]...
21. Escort Voter Escort in Election Law Person whose role is defined by electoral law and who is authorised to accompany disabled, elderly or illiterate voters and assist them in exercising their right to vote. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
22. Blank Ballot Blank Ballot in Election Law Voting paper on which a voter makes no mark, so as to not indicate a choice. Blank ballots are sometimes treated and counted as invalid, in the same way that a ballot paper marked twice is disqualified. In some countries, a blank vote can be seen as a political [...]...
23. Preferential Vote Preferential Vote in Election Law System used in list-based voting which gives a greater choice to the voter, who is not obliged to keep candidates in the order in which they are presented by their parties. Voters may mark a preference for one or more candidates or may themselves rank all [...]...
24. Timetable Electoral Calendar or Timetable in Election Law A schedule according to which all the phases of a specific election process will take place, such as the day on which voter registration begins and ends, the day on which individuals register their candidacy, the election campaign period, [...]...
25. Voice Vote Introduction to Voice VoteVoice Vote, vote that is tallied by the vocal responses of its participants. Voice voting is accomplished either by a general count of "ayes" versus "nays" or by asking each participant one by one to announce his or her vote, a procedure that is......
26. Single Ballot Single Ballot in Election Law Unlike the multiple ballot, this is a ballot paper on which all possible choices open to the voter are printed. The voter selects one or more options, depending on the electoral system. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
27. Reader Optical Reader in Election Law Machine to scan and identify prerecorded data. In an election, this technology can be used to read the ticks or other signs marked on a ballot paper by voters to indicate their choice of candidate(s). An optical reader can also be used to process voter [...]...
28. Family Vote Family Vote in Election Law Type of vote where one family member instructs others how to vote, or even in some cases votes in place of family members (e.g. by collecting all their voters' cards). This practice is considered a type of electoral fraud. Resources See Also Election Law [...]...
29. Electronic Voting Introduction to Electronic Voting Electronic Voting, a balloting system that allows votes to be entered and recorded in an electronic form. These balloting systems are also referred to as e-voting or direct-recording electronic systems (DREs). The voter uses a direct entry device to register......
30. Electoral Court Electoral Court in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: A court set up to decide electoral disputes, usually ex post....
31. Exclusion Exclusion in Election Law Event which occurs when a potential voter cannot exercise his or her right to vote on election day because his or her name does not appear on the voter list. This can be due to several reasons: an oversight on the part of the voter, the result of his or her refusal to [...]...
32. Universal Suffrage Universal Suffrage in Election Law A fundamental principle in democratic elections, by which every citizen has the right to vote in periodic and regular elections and referenda. This right must be established by law. Restrictions may apply (minimum age, mental capacity), but the right to vote [...]...
33. Electoral Fraud Ballot Tampering in Election Law A method of electoral fraud which consists of manipulating the ballot in any manner which would invalidate the vote or alter the counting results. It may happen at different stages of the polling and counting operations. Resources See Also Election Law [...]...
34. Apathy Voter Apathy in Election Law Partial or total lack of interest on the part of certain voters in an election or in politics in general. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
35. Election Day Election Day in Election Law Day on which voters go to polling stations to vote and elect their leaders or representatives. (See: Voting period). Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
36. Electronic Voting Origins Electronic Voting Origins of Electronic VotingIntroduction to Electronic Voting OriginsElectronic voting has been used in United States elections since the mid-1970s. The first electronic voting system is believed to be the Video Voter, an electromechanical device. The incentive fo......
37. Military Voting Military Voting in Election Law In some countries, members of the military are allowed to vote. Given that they are often based far from their electoral constituencies, polling centres are sometimes set up inside military bases. In other cases, military personnel vote by mail or proxy. This [...]...
38. Mobilisation Mobilisation in Election Law Action taken to encourage citizens to participate in the electoral process, or support an individual or party in an election to secure their vote. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
39. Spoilt Spoilt Ballot in Election Law A ballot which is invalid due to printing irregularities, tearing or ink stains or that is damaged in any other way, for example if the voter makes a mistake. Spoilt ballots are set aside and cannot be used in the vote. (See: Discarded ballot). Resources See Also [...]...
40. Electoral Quotient Electoral Quotient in Election Law Method used to calculate the number of votes necessary to obtain a seat in a proportional representation system. It can be determined at constituency level by dividing the number of valid votes cast (V) by the number of seats (S) in the constituency, or at [...]...
41. Electoral Advertising Electoral Advertising in Election Law Used by candidates of public or private, free or paid media or advertising to promote their political programme and mobilise voters before an election starts, according to electoral law and the election calendar. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral [...]...
42. Disqualification Spanish Translation of disqualificationThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to disqualification and / or a definition of this topic: Inhabilitación (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
43. Cumulative Voting Cumulative Voting in Constitutional Law From the Comparative Constitutions Project: A semiproportional system of voting in which each voter has as many votes as there are seats to fill, but each voter may give all of his/her votes to one candidates, or split them up as s/he desires. Cumulative [...]...
44. Media Access to Media in Election Law The right and ability of each candidate to appear in audiovisual media and use any other means to communicate his or her political programme, values and principles to the public. Equal access to media is one of the prerequisites of a fair election. Media in [...]...
45. Verified Verified Vote in Election Law A vote whose validity requires supporting documentation from the proper authority of the country of citizenship. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
46. Call for Election Call For Election in Election Law A formal writ issued by the legally competent authority, calling on voters to go to the polls on a specified day or period to exercise their right to vote, as defined by the law. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
47. Civic Education Civic Education in Election Law Didactic programme that takes into account the relationship between citizen participation and democracy, in particular the role and responsibility of the individual, government, political organisations, interest groups and the media. The objective is both to [...]...
48. Judicial Action Judicial Action in Election Law A judicial process initiated to address a specific legal problem. With respect to an election, legal action can be taken regarding any phase of the process, including voter registration, candidate nomination, voting operations, a dispute over results or any [...]...
49. Handbook Voter Handbook or Guide in Election Law Document usually issued to voters by the election authority to explain the steps they must follow and voting procedures in layman's terms. The handbook may also include recommendations to explain to voters what rules must be obeyed, and how they can [...]...
50. Disenfranchisement Disenfranchisement in Election Law The revocation of the right of suffrage (the right to vote) of a person or group of people, or through practices that prevent a person from exercising his or her right to vote. Disfranchisement can be explicit, for example as a result of legal provisions, or [...]...
51. Mark Mark or Tick in Election Law A sign defined by electoral law which the voter writes next to or on the name of the candidate or party of their choice on the ballot. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
52. Rally An increase in stock or commodity prices following a decline.......
53. Observer Observer and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Observer: An observer to the GATT is a country or international organization that has been authorized by the GATT Council (Sec. [...]...
54. Buying Vote Buying in Election Law Illegal act involving the payment of money or the promise of benefits by a candidate to voters who, in exchange, promise to vote for him or her. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
55. Integrity Integrity Cost in Election Law Expenses that a country incurs to ensure that elections take place in an environment of fairness and to guarantee a level playing field for all. Such costs can be related to providing equitable media access for parties, party funding, voter education and, in some [...]...
56. Block Party Block Vote (pbv) in Election Law A plurality/majority system using multi-member districts in which voters cast a single party-centred vote for a party of choice and do not choose between candidates. The party with the most votes will win every seat in the electoral district. Resources [...]...
57. Election Campaign Election Campaign in Election Law Series of activities, occurring before a vote, carried out by political parties or individuals, in order to promote their political programme and principles. These activities can include meetings, rallies, interviews, debates, etc., in order to attract the [...]...
58. Electoral Budget Electoral Budget in Election Law Financial resources allocated for conducting an election according to provisions established by the legal framework. There is always an ordinary budget for day-to-day functioning of the electoral administration and a special electoral budget which is drafted [...]...
59. Tabulation Tabulation of Votes in Election Law The process of compiling the result of a vote count at an election. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
60. Electronic Voting Problems Electronic Voting Problems with Electronic VotingIntroduction to Electronic Voting ProblemsScientific concerns about the reliability of electronic vote tallying were raised early on, in a 1975 report by voting technology consultant Roy Saltman at the U.S. National Bureau of Standar......
61. Registration Introduction to Registration Registration, in electoral systems, method usually used to identify voters who are qualified to participate in an election. The act of registration is not, in a strict legal sense, a qualification for voting in the way that age, residence, race, literacy, and rel......
62. Ballot Paper Mock Ballot Paper in Election Law Ballot paper used during civic and voter education campaigns to familiarise voters with the real ballot papers used on election day. It shows the ballot structure, how it should be marked and how to avoid marking it in a way that would render it invalid. [...]...
63. Constituency Ad Hoc Electoral Constituency in Election Law Constituency established specifically for one particular election, which is therefore redefined periodically. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
64. Leaflet Flyer or Leaflet in Election Law A form of paper advertisement intended for wide dissemination and typically distributed in public places or posted through letter boxes. They are used to persuade or send political messages as part of political campaign activities, on behalf of a political [...]...
65. Optical Mark Recognition Optical Mark Recognition (omr) Device in Election Law A scanner that can read specific marks in a defined set of locations on a page. The computer software used by an OMR scanner is programmed to recognise the meaning of the various marks and to convert scanned images into computer-readable [...]...
66. Administrative Court Administrative Court in Election Law Type of court specialised in ruling on disputes between the public authorities and individuals. It can be mandated by electoral law to rule on election-related disputes. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
67. Impersonation Identity Theft or Impersonation in Election Law Type of election fraud in which an individual's identity is stolen in order to usurp his or her vote. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
68. Teller Teller in Election Law Party representative who waits outside polling stations and asks people for their number on the voter register. This is to help parties ensure that all their supporters have voted. A teller has no official status and no one is obliged to give them any information. [...]...
69. Public Financing Public Financing in Election Law Sums of money provided by the state to parties or candidates running in an election to cover costs incurred by their participation, in particular during the election campaign. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
70. District District Magnitude in Constitutional LawFrom the Comparative Constitutions Project: The number of candidates to be elected from an electoral district....
71. Ballot Reconciliation Ballot Reconciliation in Election Law Verification technique aiming to ensure that the number of ballots contained in the ballot box matches the number of signatures on the voter list. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
72. Political Rights International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (iccpr) in Election Law The ICCPR builds on the right to political participation by further detailing the requirements associated with elections that are a key part of this right. Article 25 of the ICCPR has been referred to as 'the [...]...
73. Sensitive Material Sensitive Material in Election Law All material without which polling cannot take place. This includes ballot papers, the voter list, ballot boxes, seals, stamps and indelible ink. Sensitive materials can contain information about individuals or be used for fraudulent purposes. These materials [...]...
74. Carousel Voting Carousel Voting in Election Law A method of vote rigging which involves multiple voting, in particular when voters are transported to different polling stations so that they can cast their votes for the same candidate or the same list more than once. Another example is voters using a ballot [...]...
75. Compulsory Compulsory Voting in Election Law Legal measure by which citizens are obliged to vote. In certain countries, individuals who abstain from voting without good and sufficient reason can be subject to a fine. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
76. Cost Core Cost (elections) in Election Law Direct expenses incurred by a country for the preparation and conduct of an election, largely for the compilation of voter registers, candidate registration, voting and counting of election results. This does not include other costs covered by the [...]...
77. Court of First Instance Court of First Instance in Election Law Court of original or primary jurisdiction which can be mandated by electoral law to rule on certain election-related disputes. The Court of First Instance Name The Court of First Instance is the standarized name of one of the International Courts and [...]...
78. General Elections General or National Elections in Election Law Two terms used to indicate democratic selection of representatives or officials at a national level. The term general election is more often used in republican parliamentary systems, while the term national election is more common in republican [...]...
79. International Election International Election Assistance in Election Law Financial and/or technical support provided by international organisations or specialised NGOs to a country in order to help it organise elections. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
80. Remote Remote Voting in Election Law See: Absentee vote Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
81. Identification Introduction to Identification Identification, proof of identity: something, especially a card or document, to prove that somebody is who he or she claims to be. In law, proof that a person or item before the court is the same as alleged. Witness recognition of a defendant is an example of i......
82. Limited Voting Limited Voting in Election Law Voting system used in multi-member constituencies. Voters have more than one vote but fewer votes than the number of seats to be filled. The candidates with the most votes get elected, but not necessarily with absolute majority. Under a variant of Limited Vote [...]...
83. Constitutional Referendum Constitutional Referendum in Election Law Direct vote by the electorate to adopt, revise or reject the constitution or any of its article(s). Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
84. Election Management Executive Director of The Election Management Body (emb) in Election Law Person responsible for managing the election authority to ensure it works effectively. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
85. Election Irregularity Election Irregularity in Election Law Acts of inadvertence or negligence by election officers or actors in the electoral process that violate the procedures or the electoral law. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
86. Ballot Counting Ballot Counting in Election Law Series of operations performed after voting has closed to count the number of ballots in a ballot box, compare that number to the signatures on the voter register and count the number of votes obtained by each list or candidate. Resources See Also Election Law [...]...
87. Candidacy Candidacy Withdrawal in Election Law Situation of a person who stood as a candidate but decides to stand down from the electoral race before election day. This can come as the result of a personal decision or the result of a decision by the political party to which the person belongs. In many [...]...
88. Subsidiary Subsidiary or Subordinate Election Management Body in Election Law An Election Management Body (EMB) that is not the primary or principal entity responsible for the organisation of elections within a given state. It may be regional or local. Subsidiary in International Trade Meaning of [...]...
89. Voter Eligible Voter in Election Law Individual who satisfies the legal requirements to participate in an election. These requirements are usually related to nationality, age, mental health, etc. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
90. Voter Registration Election: Voter Registration Introduction to Voter Registration In addition to differences in political party strength, these national differences in voter participation result from variations in registration rules and the organization of elections. In Europe, governments automatical......
91. Voter List Final Voter List in Election Law A final list of eligible voters for an upcoming election or referendum updated, after the display and challenge period, with neccesary actions of correction, addition and removal. Resources See Also Election Law Electoral Laws Electoral Legislation ...
92. Information Officer Information Officer in Election Law Person appointed by the election authority to provide information to the public, generally in every polling station. The information officer guides voters and provides assistance to those who experience difficulties in exercising their right to vote. [...]...
93. Vocational Information Resources See Also Education Policy Training Policy...
94. Freedom of Information Act Freedom of Information Act (to change) See Sunshine law (1966), law requiring that U.S. government agencies release their records to ... Read more...
95. Census Information Uses of Census InformationGovernments use census information in almost all aspects of public policy. In some countries, the population census is used to determine the number of representatives each area within the country is legally entitled to elect to the national legislature. The Constit......
96. Public Information Public Information of the United Nations Further ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Public Information, H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including Public Information, Boczek, [...]...
97. Information Spanish Translation of provide information [obligation to] This is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to provide information [obligation to] and / or a definition of this topic: Información (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry). [...]...
98. First Information Report Contents First Information Report (FIR) Introduction to FIR FIR stands for First Information Report. It is the document that the ... Read more...
99. Information Governance Contents Information Governance Information Governance for Lawyers By Susan Kuchinskas. She covers business and the business of technology for publications ... Read more...
100. Information Society Information Society and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Information Society provided by the European Union Commission: The information society is synonymous with what is meant by "new information and communication technologies" (ICT). Since the beginning of the 90s, [...]...
101. Company Information Contents Company Information Legal Materials: Some Basics When someone asks for information about a company, a complete answer will include: ... Read more...
102. Country Information Country Information Basic information on almost every country is available in the Statesman’s Yearbook (inprint or online) and World Development ... Read more...
103. Information Exports In the United States For information about Information exports in the context of international trade, click here...
104. Confidential Information Confidential Information in International Trade Meaning of Confidential Information, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A classification that identifies sensitive information that, if disclosed, could damage the person or organization it relates to. In a [...]...
105. Information Theft Theft of Digital Information and Related internet Crimes in the Context of Internet Law Read, in this legal Encyclopedia, about the topic of this section, and, specially, about Criminal and Related Civil Remedies for Software and Digital Information Theft...
106. Request for Information Request For Information in International Trade Meaning of Request For Information (RFI), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A market research tool. A formal request from a potential buyer (public or private) to the market asking for information to get an [...]...
107. Digital Information Stolen Corporate Data in Cyberlaw Detecting and Retrieving Stolen Corporate Data Information Theft in Cyberlaw Criminal and Related Civil Remedies for Software and Digital Information Theft Malicious Code in Cyberlaw Crimes Directed at Computer Networks and Users: Viruses and Malicious Code, [...]...
108. Freedom of Information References See Also Administrative Law Freedom US Freedom of Information Act Case: American Civil Liberties Union v. US Department of Defense In relation to the international law practice and Freedom of Information Act Case: American Civil Liberties Union v. Department of Defense in this [...]...
109. Information Assurance Overview of Information Assurance in relation to cyber crime: [1]Protecting critical information infrastructure (CII) has occurred since at least World War II, during which the United States relied on wired and wireless communications systems. Some writers have even observed that CII began [...]...
110. Information Technology Law Most Popular Entries related to Information Technology Law Technology Law (in the World) Information Technology Law (in the World) Technology Law Degree (in the World) Technology Lawyer (in the World) Technology Law Schools (in the World) Computer Technology Law (in the World) Science [...]...
111. App Personal Information Contents App Personal Information GoogleSearch App: Personal Information in Android In December 2012, Google Inc. (“Google”) released an update for ... Read more...
112. Information Science Related Fields Related topics include: Computer Fraud Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Computer Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Electronic Surveillance Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Electronic Commerce Find this subject in [...]...
113. Information Systems Literature Review on Information Systems In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Mary Maureen Brown and Piper S. Charles provide the following summary about the topic of Information Systems: Information systems can provide accurate, reliable, and timely [...]...
114. Information Technology Literature Review on Information Technology: State Government Use and Management In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Paul M. Chalekian offers the following summary about the topic of Information Technology: State Government Use and Management: The effective [...]...
115. Information Warfare Literature Review on Information Warfare In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Alan Chong offers the following summary about the topic of Information Warfare: Information warfare is a systematic attempt to penetrate the enemy's secrecy and to displace his [...]...
116. Right to Access to Information In relation to the right to access to information and constitutional law, Lana Ofak[1] made the following observation: The right to access to information is the right of the individual to have access to information held by the public authorities. Peled and Rabin identified four major [...]...
117. Health Information Cyber Behaviors in Seeking Health Information, the Law and other Social Sciences This paper discusses health information seeking (HIS) behavior in general, and then followed with collaborative HIS behavior in terms of the current status, the representative researchers and their work, [...]...
118. Information Age Encouraging Digital Literacy and Ict Competency in the Information Age, the Law and other Social Sciences This article determines the overview of digital literacy and ICT competency, the encouragement of digital literacy in the information age, and the encouragement of ICT competency in the [...]...
119. Information Seeking Information Seeking Models in the Digital Age, the Law and other Social Sciences A model may be defined as a structure for thinking about a problem and may evolve into a statement of the relationships among theoretical propositions. Most models of information behavior are generally the [...]...
120. Information Industry Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to information industry in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...