Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. Currency Adjustment Factor A surcharge imposed on ocean freight by a carrier to offset or mitigate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations upon his freight revenue.......
2. Forward Exchange Contract An agreement to exchange, at a specified future date, a fixed number of units of one currency for a fixed number of units of another currency. Such contracts are often procured by merchants when they must settle future accounts in a foreign currency and wish to protect against possible losses [...]...
3. Rationing Of Exchange An exchange control imposed by governmental authority to regulate transactions in foreign exchange. Under a rationing of exchange scheme, only the government may issue exchange to importers, and holders of bills of exchange denominated in a foreign currency must surrender them to the government in e......
4. Freight Tariff Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) in International Trade Meaning of Not Otherwise Specified (NOS), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): This expression and abbreviation is often applied to air freight tariffs, indicates that the rate stated in the tariff applies [...]...
5. Differential Exchange Rates A scheme in which a government prescribes different rates of exchange for the local currency, depending upon the transaction involved. The government may assign its currency a given value in terms of gold for capital transfers, for example, but provide for a less favorable rate of exchange for impor......
6. Exchange Control The system by which a government regulates possession of and dealings in foreign exchange. The principal objective of exchange control is to allocate foreign exchange to necessary imports and expenditures. Normally, the finance ministry or central bank is invested with the authority to issue [...]...
7. Gold Standard Summary of Gold Standard A system under which a nation's currency is freely convertible into gold. The quantity of gold per unit of currency is fixed by law. Most major trading nations, however, abandoned the gold standard because of the constraints it imposes upon liquidity, although [...]...
8. Purchasing Power Parity An equal relationship of prices between two countries. Price levels in both countries are substantially the same, considering the rate of exchange.......
9. Dirty Float Also known as managed float, the process whereby national monetary authorities intercede in the foreign exchange markets to prevent significant fluctuations in the values of their own or other currencies. The process is accomplished by selling reserves of currencies rising in value, or the [...]...
10. Memorandum Tariff An abstract of a freight tariff. This document, usually published by carriers in a given trade, contains selected rates and other information extracted from the official tariff. The purpose of a memorandum tariff is to highlight information of wide interest.......
11. Blocked Exchange An exchange restriction, imposed by governmental authority, that forbids the unlicensed purchase of bills of exchange, currency, or negotiable instruments denominated in a foreign currency. The object of this measure is to prevent transmission of foreign currency reserves out of the country. [...]...
12. Tariff (Freight) A document issued, usually in booklet form, by a Common Carrier (read this and related legal terms for further details) listing its charges for transportation services. Commonly, the rate, or cost of transportation, vari......
13. Forward Exchange Option Forward Exchange Option in International Trade Meaning of Forward Exchange Option, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contractually agreed right to buy (put) or to sell (call) a specific amount of one currency for a specified amount of another [...]...
14. Key Currency The currency of a major trading nation widely accepted in settlement of international accounts. At present, eight currencies are regarded as key currencies and are known as the Big Eight ("https://lawin.org/list-of-international-trade-law-terms/">read this and related legal [...]...
15. Drawing Rights Special Drawing Rights (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Special Drawing Rights means: are supplementary foreign exchange reserve assets defined and maintained by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Not a currency, SDRs instead represent a claim to currency held by IMF member [...]...
16. Labor Law Glossary Most Popular Entries related to Labor Law Glossary Labor Law (in the World) Labor Law Outline (in the World) Labor Law Career (in the World) Labor Law Overtime (in the World) Child Labor Law (in the World) Labor Law Key Terms (in the World) Labor Law Glossary (in the World)...
17. Exchange Rates Multiple Exchange Rates (also known as Differential Exchange Rates) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Multiple Exchange Rates (also known as Differential Exchange Rates): [...]...
18. Cross-Currency Exposure Obligations denominated in terms of a given currency that are not matched by equivalent revenues in terms of that currency. For example, a firm with obligations of 10 million Japanese yen but revenues of only 8 million yen are exposed to the degree that they must purchase, in the foreign exchange ma......
19. General Tariff A tariff schedule in which a single rate of duty applies to a given commodity irrespective of the country of origin. A general tariff makes no provision for preferential duties.......
20. Exchanger Exchanger ContentsExchanger in the E-Commerce LawResourcesSee AlsoBiography Exchanger in the E-Commerce Law An exchanger (also sometimes called a virtual currency ... Read more...
21. Floating Currency Floating Currency in International Trade Meaning of Floating Currency, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): One whose value in terms of foreign currency is not kept stable (on the basis of the par value or a fixed relationship to some other currency) but [...]...
22. Guest Currency The currency in which a Eurobond (read this and related legal terms for further details) or other financial obligation is issued. The currency is selected to be acceptable to both the foreign borrower and the lender, and......
23. Freight of All Kinds Freight of All Kinds in International Trade Meaning of FAK (Freight of All Kinds), according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Freight rate applicable to all types of goods and therefore is not restricted to a particular commodity. FAK freight rates are quoted [...]...
24. Currency Risk The economic risk assumed by a lender or seller who is to be paid in units of a foreign currency that, when translated at some future date into his own currency, he will have sustained a loss (in terms of his own currency) because the foreign currency has depreciated in value prior to settlement of ......
25. Par Value The nominal value assigned to a currency by its issuing authority. Normally, this value is expressed as a quantity of gold, or another currency convertible into gold. When the market value of a currency, expressed in terms of other convertible currencies, deviates significantly from its par [...]...
26. Economic Development Economic Development of Society (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Economic Development of Society means: is a multidimensional process, covering economic growth, structural changes in economy, improvement of conditions and quality of life. Legal Issues in the Third World’s [...]...
27. Unemployment Unemployment (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Unemployment means: refers to all people above a specified age who are not in paid employment or self-employed, but are available for work and have taken specific steps to seek paid employment or self-employment. Long-term [...]...
28. Ocean Freight Differential A sum rep resenting the difference in freight costs associated with moving subsidized agricultural exports on American rather than cheaper foreign vessels. The differential is provided for shipments under the Agricultural Trade Development And Assistance Act (...
29. Currency Future Currency Future in International Trade Meaning of Currency Future, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A contract for the future delivery of a commodity, currency, or security on a specific date. In contrast to forward contracts, future contracts are for [...]...
30. Undeclared Labor Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy Employment...
31. Debt Service Total Debt Service (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Total Debt Service means: the sum of principal repayments and interest actually paid in foreign currency, goods or services on long-term debt (having a maturity of more than one year), interest paid on short-term debt and [...]...
32. Breach Date A doctrine in law that holds that, in disputes involving sums denominated in a foreign currency, a court shall require settlement in local currency at the rate of exchange in effect at the time the contract was abrogated.......
33. Covered Transaction A transaction denominated in terms of a foreign currency, payable at a future date, in which protection against loss on exchange has been procured, usually in the form of a Forward Exchange Contract (read this and related le......
34. Tariff Act Of 1930 Also known as the Smoot- Hawley Act, this established the highest rates of duty ever imposed by the United States. Its passage was essentially a response to domestic unemployment during the Depression and protectionist forces in the agricultural and certain manufacturing sectors. Other nations accom......
35. International Currency Trends in International Political Economy: International CurrencyIntroduction to International CurrencyExplosive growth in the exchange of foreign currencies in international markets has also transformed the global political economy (see foreign exchange). Advanced telecommunicatio......
36. Adult Adult Illiteracy Rate (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Adult Illiteracy Rate means: _alculated as 100 minus the adult literacy rate. Mortality Rate, Adult (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Mortality Rate, Adult means: probability per 1,000 that a 15-year-old [...]...
37. Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No 8 A far-reaching and controversial pronouncement by the Financial Accounting Standards Board governing accounting practices used by American firms in transactions involving foreign currencies. The pronouncement, known commonly as FASB 8, came into effect for fiscal years beginning January 1, 1976. Am......
38. Roosa Bonds Bonds sold by the U.S. Treasury in the 1960s to foreign central banks for dollars as part of a Swap Arrangement (read this and related legal terms for further details) to relieve exchange rate instability. The bonds prov......
39. Soft Currency A national currency that, because of exchange controls, is not freely convertible into gold or other currencies. Such controls are usually manifest in officially set rates of exchange that do not reflect the price of the soft currency, were it permitted to trade freely.......
40. Unemployment Benefit Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State...
41. Unemployment Insurance Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State Unemployment...
42. Literacy Rate, Adult Adult Literacy Rate (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Adult Literacy Rate means: the proportion of the adult population aged 15 years and older which is literate, expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population, total or for a given sex, in a given country, territory, [...]...
43. Literacy Rate, Youth Youth Literacy Rate (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Youth Literacy Rate means: the percentage of people aged 15 — 24 years who can, with understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement related to their everyday life....
44. Mortality Rate Mortality Rate, Overall (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Mortality Rate, Overall means: is the annual number of deaths per 1,000 population....
45. Export Unemployment A conscious program to relieve domestic unemployment or economic stagnation through the stimulation of export sales. The term is used generally in relation to improper export promotion vehicles such as dumping (read this and......
46. Structural Unemployment Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
47. Cyclical Unemployment Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy Employment...
48. Disguised Unemployment Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy Employment...
49. Frictional Unemployment Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy Employment...
50. Seasonal Unemployment Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy Employment...
51. Youth Unemployment Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy Employment...
52. Partial Unemployment Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State Unemployment...
53. Long Term Unemployment Resources See Also Labor Employment Law International Labor Law Industrial Safety Labour Labor Right Labor Policy Employment...
54. Through Rate A freight rate that is the total rate from origin to destination; in some cases, surcharges may be applicable to the basic freight, and are additional to the through rate.......
55. Tax Rate Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Tax Rate) Ad......
56. Rate Spanish Translation of tariff and rateThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to tariff or rate and / or a definition of this topic: Tarifa (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
57. Actual Value Rate A freight rate applicable to certain commodities where, depending upon the actual goods, value may vary greatly. For example, the classification "scientific instruments" may embrace low-value laboratory glassware or high-value precision instruments. In such cases, the shipper must declare ......
58. Any Quantity Rate A freight rate applicable to a specific commodity irrespective of the quantity shipped, without provision for quantity discounts.......
59. Bank Rate The rate at which the Bank of England and the Bank of Canada lend to commercial banks.......
60. Base Rate The specific commodity or general class rate applicable to a product in a common carrier's tariff. Various surcharges, fuel adjustments, currency adjustment factors, et cetera, may be imposed on top of the base rate; they are often expressed as a percentage of the base rate.......
61. Block Rate A reduced rail freight rate levied on movements of ten or more cars at one time from one shipper to a simple consignor.......
62. Cable Rate The exchange rate quoted for a given currency transferred by cable. The cable rate is higher than the rate for checks or bills of exchange denominated in the same currency because cable transfers are virtually instantaneous, thereby denying the bank or broker use of the funds during the collection p......
63. Central Rate Each currency affiliated with the EUROPEAN monetary system (read this and related legal terms for further details) is assigned a value in terms of the European currency unit (ECU). The central rate is the range within wh......
64. Check Rate The rate of exchange applicable to bankers' checks. This rate is lower than the cable rate but higher than the rate applicable to time bills of exchange, owing to the time value of money.......
65. Column 1 Rate The rate of duty applied by U.S. Customs to imports from nations enjoying Most Favored Nation (read this and related legal terms for further details) status. See TARIFF (CUSTOMS); Tariff Schedules of the United States.......
66. Column 2 Rate The rate of duty applied by U.S. Customs to imports from nations not enjoying Most Favored Nation (read this and related legal terms for further details) status. The Column 2 rate is the statutory rate of duty provided i......
67. Combination Rate An inland freight rate from point of origin to destination derived by adding two or more intermediate rates.......
68. Contract Rate In the steamship industry, the freight rate applicable to goods shipped by a firm that has executed an exclusive patronage contract (read this and related legal terms for further details) with a Conference (...
69. Cross Rate The ratio between the exchange rate of two currencies in relation to a third currency.......
70. Customs Rate The rate of exchange employed by U.S. Customs in converting foreign currency invoices for the purpose of arriving at a value, in U.S. dollars, for imported merchandise. Ad valorem duties are applied on the dollar value. In accordance with the Customs Simplification Act of 1956, the secretary of the......
71. Differential Rate A freight rate derived by compiling existing intermediate rates; this process is used where no through rate exists between the points of origin and destination.......
72. Directional Rate A freight rate reduced for cargo moving in a direction where cargo is light, for the purpose of stimulating movements. Under such circumstances, it is quite possible that the rate for the same product moving in the other direction (where tonnage is heavy) may be significantly higher.......
73. Discount Rate Also known as the re-discount rate, the rate of interest charged by the Federal Reserve to member banks for advances. The rates are set every fourteen days by the regional Federal Reserve banks upon approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve system.The discount rate is a p......
74. Effective Interest Rate Also known as the real interest rate, the return to capital derived by adjusting the nominal rate of interest for inflation. For example, a bond may bear a nominal rate of interest (the rate that the instrument pays) of 10 percent; by deducting the rate of inflation—say, 4 percent—we derive the ......
75. Effective Lending Rate The actual cost of a loan when such factors as commitment fees and compensating balances are computed on top of the interest rate.......
76. Effective Rate Of Exchange The true cost of acquiring a unit of a given currency in terms of another currency. The effective rate includes taxes and other costs that are factored into the price of the currency converted.......
77. Effective Rate of Protection The net protection afforded by a nation's tariff system to any given domestic product. For example, the higher the rate of duty, the greater the protection against foreign imports; conversely, as rates are increased on raw materials or production inputs, the costs of domestic production are [...]...
78. Extraction Rate The proportion, on a weight basis, between a finished or processed product and the raw materials from which it was manufactured.......
79. Freight, All Kinds Rate A fixed charge levied by a carrier to ship a container, trailer, car, et cetera, from one point to another, irrespective of the contents. A FAK rate supersedes class or commodity rates. The shipper, in effect, pays a flat charge to move the unit and may ship whatever he wishes up to the rated capaci......
80. Green Rate A special rate of exchange used in converting agricultural prices fixed in units of account into national currencies, within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further deta......
81. Interest Rate Risk The risk borne by the holder of fixed rate securities that interest rates will rise above those paid by his holdings, thereby depriving him of interest that might otherwise have been earned.......
82. Joint Rate Summary of Joint Rate A single factor rate applicable to the movement of goods through two or more carriers.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Resources See Also Joint through rate Rate...
83. Lombard Rate The interest rate charged West German commercial banks on loans from the central bank using securities as collateral.......
84. Long Rate The rate paid by a bank or foreign exchange broker for long bills of exchange (i.e., those having a tenor of more than thirty days) payable abroad.......
85. Minimum Lending Rate The rate at which the Bank of England lends to members of the discount market against the security of treasury bills or other government paper with less than five years to mature.......
86. Missionary Rate A freight rate established a: a particularly low level as an impetus to an infant industry.......
87. Nominal Interest Rate The rate of interest earned by an investment, without adjustment for inflation. Deducting the inflation factor from the nominal rate yields the effective or real interest rate, which is a more accurate reflection of the return on the investment.......
88. Noncontract Rate The freight rate applicable to commodities shipped by a firm that has not executed an exclusive patronage contract (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
89. Open Rate A freight rate that is not set by a Conference (read this legal term for further details) and is therefore negotiable. An open rate may result from the absence of a conference rate agreement, or similar rate-setting scheme over a given trade route......
90. Paper Rate A rate in a tariff under which no cargo moves.......
91. Predatory Rate An ocean freight rate set intentionally low so as to drive out competition. Soviet flag carriers, animated by motives other than commercial profit, were widely criticized for establishing predatory rates. Certain noncommunist carriers, enjoying heavy state subsidies, were also suspected of setting p......
92. Prime Rate The rate of interest on business loans by commercial banks to their most creditworthy customers. The maintenance of a COMPENSATING BALANCE (read this and related legal terms for further details) by the borrower is custom......
93. Proportional Rate A freight rate that is constructed by adding separate joint or local rates applying to a through movement. A proportional rate, unlike a Combination rate (read this and related legal terms for further details), is applic......
94. Real Interest Rate Synonymous with effective interest Rate (read this and related legal terms for further details).......
95. Released Valuation Rate A lower tariff rate provided by a common carrier to a shipper in return for a reduced claim liability on the part of the carrier. For example, a carrier may offer a reduced rate if the shipper agrees to release the value of the product at fifty cents per pound. The Interstate Commerce Commission mus......
96. Riskless Rate Of Return The rate of interest paid by government securities; it constitutes a base against which other rates of return may be judged in assessing the effective use of capital.......
97. Royalty Rate The return that a firm receives from granting license for the use of its processes, trademarks, et cetera, to another firm.......
98. Sight Rate The rate of exchange used by a bank or foreign exchange dealer in purchasing a sight bill of exchange or similar instrument denominated in a foreign currency.......
99. Statutory Rate Of Duty The rate of duty on the given product specified by the Smoot- Hawley Act (read this and related legal terms for further details) of 1930. The rates established by this act are applied to Column 2 countries, i.e., those t......
100. Step-Down Rate A financing agreement in which a lower rate of interest is charged later in the life of the loan than at the beginning.......
101. Step-Up Rate A financing arrangement in which a higher rate of interest is charged later in the life of the loan than at the beginning.......
102. Tariff Rate A rate for insurance coverage specifically prescribed by local regulation. Usually the rate is higher than might be derived through negotiations with a nonadmitted (read this and related legal terms for further details) ......
103. Time Volume Rate A contract between a shipper of cargo and a steamship line or conference in which the shipper pledges to ship a specific quantity of cargo aboard the carrier's vessels between agreed ports, during a given time period for a fixed sum of money per freight unit.......
104. Variable Rate Loan A loan on which the rate of interest is adjusted periodically in accordance with market rates.......
105. Rate Schedule Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Rate Schedule) ...
106. Tariff Rate Quota Tariff Rate Quota (TRQ) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Tariff Rate Quota (TRQ): Alternative term for tariff quota....
107. Applied Tariff Rate Applied Tariff Rate and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Applied Tariff Rate: The tariff rate actually used to determine the amount of duty owed on a particular import [...]...
108. Abstention Rate Abstention Rate in Election Law Percentage of voters who did not go to the polls on election day. This percentage is highly important in that it is an indication of the degree of citizens' lack of interest in an election. It may also be an indication of how confident citizens are in the [...]...
109. Exchange Rate Exchange Rate in International Trade Meaning of Exchange Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The price of one currency expressed in terms of another, i.e., the number of units of one currency that may be exchanged for one unit of another currency. [...]...
110. Floating Exchange Rate Floating Exchange Rate in International Trade Meaning of Floating Exchange Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A rate of exchange that is determined by market forces. See also clean float and dirty float. Concept of Floating Exchange Rate An [...]...
111. Forward Rate Forward Rate in International Trade Meaning of Forward Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The price of a foreign currency that is bought or sold for delivery and payment at a fixed future time, usually 30, 60 or 90 days. Forward transactions enable [...]...
112. Freight Rate LCL/fcl in International Trade Meaning of LCL/fcl, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A way of quoting container freight rates in which the carrier agrees to pack the container at the outset (LCL) but unpacking at destination must be carried out by the [...]...
113. General Cargo Rate General Cargo Rate in International Trade Meaning of General Cargo Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The rate a carrier charges for the shipment of cargo that does not have a special class rate or commodity rate....
114. Spot Exchange Rate Spot Exchange Rate in International Trade Meaning of Spot Exchange Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The price of one currency expressed in terms of another currency at a given moment in time....
115. Spot Rate Spot Rate in International Trade Meaning of Spot Rate, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Rate of exchange quoted for purchases and sales of a foreign currency for immediate delivery and payment....
116. Fixed Exchange Rate Concept of Fixed Exchange Rate An introductory definition of Fixed Exchange Rate is provided here: the rate of exchange of a currency or currency is set by agreement between governments or by government policy (see also gold standard) Resources See Also Foregin Policy Foreign Affairs...
117. Internal Rate of Return Literature Review on Internal Rate of Return In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] William G. Albrecht offers the following summary about the topic of Internal Rate of Return: Internal rate of return (IRR) is one of the several benefit–cost techniques that are [...]...
118. Exchange Rate Mechanism Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) and Europe There is an entry on exchange rate mechanism (erm) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
119. Area-rate Clause Description of Area-rate Clause In this reference work, area-rate clause is a sort of the Oil, Gas, Energy Law category. Resources See Also Gas Oil Gas Energy Law...
120. Wage Rate Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to wage rate in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...