Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, abbreviated as UNECE, is one of five regional commissions of the United Nations. UNECE was set up in 1947 to promote pan-European economic integration. To do so, it groups 56 countries [...]...
2. United Nations Environment Programme UNEP – United Nations Environment Programme Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including United Nations Environment Programme , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including [...]...
3. UN The United Nations, abbreviated as UN, was established on 24 October 1945 by 51 countries committed to preserving peace through international co-operation and collective security. Today, there are 193 member states, or nearly every country in the world When countries join the United Nations [...]...
4. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
5. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
6. United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
7. United Nations Economic and Social Council Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
8. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law United Nations Commission On International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Outline The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law was set up in 1966 by the General Assembly of the United Nations to deal with conflicts of national laws [...]...
9. Asylum Law ContentsRefugee & Asylum LawLegislation on Refugee & Asylum LawIn relation to Inter-American Treaties, Conventions and Agreements adopted within the framework ... Read more...
10. United Nations Convention Against Torture The United Nations Convention Against Torture Name The United Nations Convention Against Torture is the standarized name of one of the International Courts and Tribunals (see the entries in this legal Encyclopedia about court rules and procedural law for more information on some aspects of the [...]...
11. UN Convention Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
12. Organization For European Economic Cooperation Organization For European Economic Cooperation Summary of Organization For European Economic Cooperation A post-World War II organization established to coordinate the reconstruction of Europe. The OEEC arose in response to an Anglo-French declaration in 1947 calling for European [...]...
13. Food And Agriculture Organization Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Introduction to Food and Agriculture Organization Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), specialized United Nations agency whose main goal is to eliminate hunger on a world scale. The organization's mandate is [...]...
14. United Nations Industrial Development Organization Introduction to United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), international agency established by the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) in 1966 to promote industrialization in developing nations. The organization offers [...]...
15. United Dredging Company (united States) V. United Mexican States United Dredging Company (united States) v. United Mexican States Embracing mainstream international law, this section on united dredging company (united states) v. united mexican states explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The [...]...
16. Trade Barrier Summary of Trade Barrier Constraints upon the exchange of goods among nations imposed by governments; such constraints are manifested in the form of tariffs, quotas, exchange controls, and a variety of so-called nontariff barriers. Barriers usually arise to protect domestic industries, [...]...
17. Economic Vulnerability Economic Vulnerability and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Economic Vulnerability: In the context of trade relations, the proportion of a country's GNP accounted for by exports and imports [...]...
18. United Nations Secretariat ContentsUnited Nations SecretariatCharterConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these EntriesStructure of the United Nations: SecretariatIntroduction to ... Read more...
19. Intemperance Intemperance Intemperance in 1889 The following information about Intemperance is from the Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the ... Read more...
20. International Trade Center International Trade Center (ITC) This section provides an overview of international trade center (itc) within the legal context of Development Institutions in international economic law, with coverage of Architecture. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations [...]...
21. List of international public law topics ContentsList of international public law topicsOther topics:ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries List of ... Read more...
22. International Trade Organization International Trade Organization (ITO) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of International Trade Organization (ITO): (Not to be confused with Multilateral Trade "Organization, Sec. I). An [...]...
23. Unctad Concept of Unctad An introductory definition of Unctad is provided here: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development: formed 1964: first Secretary General Raul Prebisch: called for reform of system of international trade based on liberalism and comparative advantage, in order to assist [...]...
24. Unesco Unesco Unesco, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Unesco, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization means: _s specialized agency of the United Nations, UNESCO contributes to the building of [...]...
25. United Nations Children's Fund United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) The United Nations Children's Fund, abbreviated as UNICEF, is a United Nations (UN) agency that provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries. Headquartered in New York City, UNICEF [...]...
26. United Nations Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees ContentsUnited Nations Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees Legislation on Refugee & Asylum Law Which are the main US ... Read more...
27. International Economic Institutions Institutions Related to International Economic Law In international economic law, institutions related to international economic law includes the following legal areas, with coverage in this world legal encyclopedia: li> International Labour Organization (ILO) Food and Agriculture Organization [...]...
28. Political Risk An economic risk assumed by foreign creditors that political or military conditions in a debtor's country may preclude settlement of the obligation when due.......
29. United Nations University UNU – United Nations University Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including United Nations University , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including United Nations University [...]...
30. United Nations Volunteers UNV – United Nations Volunteers Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including United Nations Volunteers , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including United Nations Volunteers [...]...
31. UNECE The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, abbreviated as UNECE, is one of five regional commissions of the United Nations. UNECE was set up in 1947 to promote pan-European economic integration. To do so, it groups 56 countries located in the European Union, non-EU western and eastern [...]...
32. United Nations Interregional Crime Justice Research Institute Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
33. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
34. United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugee ContentsUnited Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugee (1951)Legislation on Refugee & Asylum Law Which are the main US ... Read more...
35. UN Convention against Corruption UN Convention against Corruption Title United Nations Convention Against Corruption About the Convention The purposes of the Convention are to promote and strengthen measures to prevent and combat corruption [...]...
36. United Nations and Economic Development Functions of the UN: Economic and Social Development Economic DevelopmentIntroduction to United Nations and Economic DevelopmentThe UN operates under the principle that promoting economic and social development will help bring about lasting world peace. The organization's chart......
37. Deindustrialization Deindustrialization and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Deindustrialization: A term denoting a negative impact of international competition on the overall size of a country's manufacturing [...]...
38. Un Absolute Immunity The United Nations Enjoys Absolute Immunity in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): The United Nations General Convention, to which the United States is a party, explicitly provides that the United [...]...
39. United Nations Center for Human Settlement Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
40. United Nations Human Settlements Programme Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
41. United Nations Development Program Introduction to United Nations Development Program United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), permanent arm of the United Nations General Assembly. The conference, established in December 1964, followed an earlier meeting in which 120 nations participated in discussions of [...]...
42. United Nations Economic and Social Development Functions of the UN: Economic and Social DevelopmentIntroduction to United Nations Economic and Social DevelopmentThe second major function of the UN is to promote economic and social development worldwide. The UN engages in a myriad of activities and sponsors a large number of age......
43. Wipo Wipo Wipo in International Trade Meaning of Wipo, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The World Intellectual Property Organization is specialized agency of the United Nations system that seeks to promote international cooperation in the protection of [...]...
44. United Nations Institutes Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
45. United Nations Convention On The Recognition And Enforcement Of Arbitral Awards United Nations Convention On The Recognition And Enforcement Of Arbitral Awards. ......
46. Absolute Advantage Absolute Advantage and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Absolute Advantage: The ability of a country to supply a particular product or class of goods at lower costs than competing nations. See [...]...
47. Mercantilism Mercantilism and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Mercantilism: A once-prominent economic philosophy that equated national wealth and prowess with the accumulation of gold and other [...]...
48. International law index U Contents International law index UConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries International law index U ... Read more...
49. Economic Nationalism A conscious, articulated national drive toward economic self-sufficiency. Economic nationalism is comparable to Autarchy (read this and related legal terms for further details) but does not mandate the economic isolation......
50. Export Trading Company Export Trading Company and International Trade Economy In relation to international trade economy, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of Export Trading Company: (Also known as an export management company.) A private firm that provides related-related services to other [...]...
51. Un Immunities Plaintiff's Arguments to Limit or Disregard the UN's Immunities Under the General Convention Lack Merit in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): There is no merit to Plaintiff's contention [...]...
52. A Concise Encyclopedia of the United Nations ContentsA Concise Encyclopedia of the United NationsReview of “A Concise Encyclopedia of the United Nations”Contents of the EncyclopediaSee AlsoFurther ReadingConclusionNotesReferences ... Read more...
53. UN Resolution Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
54. UN Structure Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
55. UNCDF Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
56. UNCHS Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
57. UNDRO Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
58. UNWTO Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
59. Peru The Legal History of Peru This section provides an overview of Peru Implementation: United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement ("ptpa") In relation to the international law practice and Implementation: United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement ("ptpa") in this world [...]...
60. UNV Embracing mainstream international law, this section on unv explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
61. UN: Purposes, principles and membership ContentsUN: Purposes, principles and membershipConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries UN: Purposes, principles and ... Read more...
62. United Nations System Part 1 Contents United Nations System Part 11 LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW2LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW3LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW4LAW JOURNAL ... Read more...
63. Innovation Innovation and the Laws of International Trade The relationship between antitrust law and intellectual property Intellectual Property and Competition Law Three general principles When antitrust concerns arise The three markets The horizontal/vertical distinction Rule of [...]...
64. United Nations Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) United Nations Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) (in the Human Development Area) In this context, United Nations Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) means: of the United Nations constitutes one of the six (one is not active at the moment) principal organs of the United Nations and it is [...]...
65. Freedom of Trade Freedom of Trade and Commerce In relation to the freedom of trade and commerce and constitutional law, Gonzalo Villalta Puig[1] made the following observation: The freedom of trade and commerce is a constitutional norm that conceives the sale and purchase of goods and services among or [...]...
66. Holding Company Holding Company in International Trade Meaning of Holding Company, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Holding companies are corporations that are created for the sole purpose of obtaining and managing a controlling interest in other companies. There are [...]...
67. Anti-dumping Anti-dumping Anti-Dumping and Competition Law and the World Trade Organization Anti-Dumping and Competition Law in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues. The Anti-Dumping Agreement and the World Trade Organization The Anti-Dumping Agreement in relation to the [...]...
68. UNAIDS Embracing mainstream international law, this section on unaids explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
69. UNEP Embracing mainstream international law, this section on unep explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
70. UNFPA Embracing mainstream international law, this section on unfpa explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
71. UN-HABITAT Embracing mainstream international law, this section on un-habitat explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further Reading The [...]...
72. UNIDO Embracing mainstream international law, this section on unido explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System Resources Further Reading The entry [...]...
73. Economy Related Fields Related topics include: International Economic Law Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Economy Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Foreign Direct Investment Find this subject in this World legal encyclopedia. Economic Law Find this subject in this [...]...
74. Knowledge Economy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
75. Parallel Economy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
76. Rural Economy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
77. Shadow Economy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
78. Mature Economy A developed economy in which population growth is declining and new capital investment is slowing. Mature economies tend to be highly urban and industrial. Many economists hold that limited new investment in productive capital will, over time, result in economic stagnation and high unemployment.......
79. Mixed Economy Summary of Mixed Economy An economy that possesses the elements of both public and private ownership of the means of production.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism...
80. Nonmarket Economy Essentially, an economy that is centrally planned, i.e., allocation of resources is directed by a governmental authority, rather than by market forces. For purposes of trade reporting and other reasons, the U.S. government defines the following states as nonmarket economies:China Bulgari......
81. Political Economy International Political Economy The Study of International Political Economy Liberalism and Mercantilism Introduction to International Political Economy: The Study of International Political Economy Liberalism and Mercantilism Advocates of liberal policies in international economics support [...]...
82. Green Economy Green Economy (in the Human Development Area) In this context, Green Economy means: as one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. A green economy can be thought of as one which is low carbon, [...]...
83. Black Economy Black Economy and Europe There is an entry on black economy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Black Economy" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
84. Globalization of the Economy Resources See Also Economic Development Social development...
85. Collective Economy Resources See Also Political Doctrine Economic Doctrine Fundamental Right Doctrine...
86. Hidden Economy Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism...
87. Informal Economy Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism...
88. Market Economy Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism...
89. Planned Economy Resources See Also Economy Economic System Legal System Capitalism...
90. Dual Economy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
91. Agricultural Economy Resources See Also Rural Development Rural Community Land Law Farm Agricultural Law Agriculture...
92. Social Economy Resources See Also Social Protection Social Security Employment Affairs Welfare State...
93. International Political Economy Introduction to International Political EconomyInternational Political Economy, field of study that deals with the interaction of politics and economics among the world's nations. The most important of these interactions concerns foreign trade. Students of international political econom......
94. Global Political Economy Introduction to International Political Economy The Study of International Political EconomyThe study of international political economy developed rapidly as an academic discipline in the 1980s and 1990s. Scholars in this subject area generally adopt the theoretical perspectives of either ......
95. International Political Economy Theories Introduction to International Political Economy The Study of International Political Economy MarxismThe ideas of 19th-century German philosopher Karl Marx offer a third political approach toward understanding economic behavior and policies. Marxism focuses on the inequality of relationship......
96. International Political Economy Issues Introduction to International Political Economy Future DirectionsSince the end of the Cold War, liberalism has generally prevailed over mercantilism and Marxism in academic and policy debates regarding the international political economy. The global expansion in international trade, busines......
97. International Political Economy Trends Trends in International Political EconomyIntroduction to International Political Economy TrendsSince the end of World War II, the pace of international economic transactions has risen steadily. At the same time, different regions of the world have experienced dramatically uneven pa......
98. Social Market Economy Social Market Economy and Europe There is an entry on social market economy in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Social Market Economy" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
99. Steady State Economy Resources See Also International Economic Law Economy Foreign Direct Investment Economic Law...
100. Cultural Political Economy ContentsCultural Political EconomyResourcesSee AlsoFurther Reading Cultural Political Economy W.H. Sewell argued, in “The Concept(s) of Culture” (in V. Bonnell, and ... Read more...
101. Closed Economy The economy of an isolated area that engages in virtually no trade beyond its own borders. This condition is usually the product of geographic remoteness rather than design. See also AUTARCHY.......
102. Control of the Economy Totalitarianism The Party and its Tools Control of the EconomyIntroduction to Control of the EconomyThe centrally controlled economy enables the totalitarian dictatorship to exploit its population for foreign conquest and world revolution. For example, all resources can be concentr......
103. Small Economy Resources See Also Legal System Country Jurisdiction Immigration Consulate...
104. Centrally Planned Economy An economy in which basic economic decisions are made by a central planning commission or a similar state agency. Price mechanism does not determine the allocation of resources; instead the planning agency assesses resource availability and reports this to the level of government that determines pri......
105. Command Directed Economy An economy in which the questions of which goods are to be produced, how they will be produced, and who will receive them are established by governmental fiat. See Centrally Planned Economy.......
106. Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy and the Political History of the United States ContentsCyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy and the Political History of the United StatesCyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy and ... Read more...
107. International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas 3 Contents International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these ... Read more...
108. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 23 Contents United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s United ... Read more...
109. United Nations tags ContentsUnited Nations tagsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s United Nations tags Tags for United Nations United Nations ... Read more...
110. United Kingdom Legal Materials For purposes of this section, the United Kingdom includes England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The following is a compilation of some information concerning any of these jurisdictions into the topics discussed below. For more information, see the U.K. legal [...]...
111. UN: International cooperation and the ESC ContentsUN: International cooperation and the ESCConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries UN: International cooperation ... Read more...
112. United States main topics in the Encyclopedia ContentsUnited States (U.S.) main topics in the Wiki EncyclopediaConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries ... Read more...
113. United States Constitution index ContentsUnited States Constitution indexConclusionNotesSee AlsoAbout the Author/s and Rewiever/sReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s United States Constitution index ... Read more...
114. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 3 Contents United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s United Nations Convention to ... Read more...
115. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 4 Contents United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/s United Nations Convention to ... Read more...
116. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 3 Contents United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and ... Read more...
117. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 4 Contents United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and ... Read more...
118. Unidroit Convention on Agency in the International Sale of Goods ContentsUnidroit Convention on Agency in the International Sale of GoodsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these ... Read more...
119. Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing 2 Contents Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Unidroit ... Read more...
120. Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing 3 Contents Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Unidroit ... Read more...