Related Entries of the International Encyclopedia:

1. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Embracing mainstream international law, this section on united nations office on drugs and crime explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "united nations office on drugs and crime" in the Parry and Grant [...]...
2. Goals of Criminology Goals of Criminology The classical criminologists of the 18th century were primarily concerned with ending brutality and inequality against criminals ... Read more...
3. List of Criminal Biographies (Gangs) Entries ContentsList of Criminal Biographies (Gangs) EntriesSee AlsoFurther Reading List of Criminal Biographies (Gangs) Entries Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation ... Read more...
4. Criminal Deterrence Criminal Law: Theories of Criminal Punishment DeterrenceIntroduction to Criminal DeterrenceThose who support the deterrence theory believe that if punishment is imposed upon a person who has committed a crime, the pain inflicted will dissuade the offender (and others) from repeatin......
5. Criminology Goals The Goals of CriminologyIntroduction to Criminology GoalsThe classical criminologists of the 18th century were primarily concerned with ending brutality and inequality against criminals by enforcing limitations on government power. They believed that criminal behavior was the produ......
6. Modern Criminology Development of Criminology: Modern CriminologyIntroduction to Modern CriminologyAt the beginning of the 19th century, scholars began to apply the concepts and technologies of the rapidly developing biological and behavioral sciences to the study of crime. For the first time crimino......
7. Criminal Punishment Theories Criminal Law: Theories of Criminal PunishmentIntroduction to Criminal Punishment TheoriesVarious theories have been advanced to justify or explain the goals of criminal punishment, including retribution, deterrence, restraint (or incapacitation), rehabilitation, and restoration. So......
8. United Nations Convention Against Torture The United Nations Convention Against Torture Name The United Nations Convention Against Torture is the standarized name of one of the International Courts and Tribunals (see the entries in this legal Encyclopedia about court rules and procedural law for more information on some aspects of the [...]...
9. Drug Trafficking Drug Trafficking and the Financing of Terrorism: United Nations For information on Financing of Terrorism and the United Nations efforts against such financing, see here. UN Instruments UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES. [...]...
10. United Nations University UNU – United Nations University Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including United Nations University , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including United Nations University [...]...
11. United Nations Volunteers UNV – United Nations Volunteers Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including United Nations Volunteers , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including United Nations Volunteers [...]...
12. Un Absolute Immunity The United Nations Enjoys Absolute Immunity in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): The United Nations General Convention, to which the United States is a party, explicitly provides that the United [...]...
13. UN Convention Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
14. Criminal Punishment Retribution Criminal Law: Theories of Criminal Punishment RetributionIntroduction to Criminal Punishment RetributionThe theory of retribution holds that punishment is imposed on the blameworthy party in order for society to vent its anger toward and exact vengeance upon the criminal. Supporter......
15. United Nations Population Fund UNFPA – United Nations Population Fund Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including United Nations Population Fund , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including United [...]...
16. Unicef The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) UNICEF supports governments and civil society in some 155 countries to implement the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other international standards. UNICEF’s rule of law work includes support to child rights legislative reform; justice [...]...
17. Social Learning Theories Psychological Theories of Crime: Social Learning TheoriesIntroduction to Social Learning TheoriesSocial learning theories propose that people internalize moral codes more through the process of socialization-learning behaviors through interaction with others-rather than through a s......
18. Social Causes Environmental and Social Theories of Crime Social CausesIntroduction to Social CausesOne of the first theories describing the influence of social factors on crime came from French sociologist Gabriel Tarde. In the late 1880s Tarde criticized the physical typology theories of Lombro......
19. List of United Nations Cross References List of United Nations Cross References Economic and Social Council General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade International Bank for Reconstruction ... Read more...
20. Drug Control ContentsDrug ControlInternational PartnershipsOffice of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP)Drug Control PolicyNotes and ReferencesFurther ReadingSee also Drug Control International Partnerships While ... Read more...
21. Restoration Criminal Law: Theories of Criminal Punishment RestorationIntroduction to RestorationThe theory of restoration takes a victim-oriented approach to crime that emphasizes restitution (compensation) for victims. Rather than focus on the punishment of criminals, supporters of this theor......
22. United Nations Industrial Development Organization Introduction to United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), international agency established by the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) in 1966 to promote industrialization in developing nations. The organization offers [...]...
23. Independent Criminology Development of Criminology: Independent CriminologyIntroduction to Independent CriminologyIn the late 1960s and early 1970s criminology began to emerge from the more established social sciences and became a discipline in its own right. The number of instructional programs in crimin......
24. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, abbreviated as UNECE, is one of five regional commissions of the United Nations. UNECE was set up in 1947 to promote pan-European economic integration. To do so, it groups 56 countries [...]...
25. United Dredging Company (united States) V. United Mexican States United Dredging Company (united States) v. United Mexican States Embracing mainstream international law, this section on united dredging company (united states) v. united mexican states explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The [...]...
26. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
27. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
28. United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
29. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
30. United Nations Environment Programme UNEP – United Nations Environment Programme Further Reading A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including United Nations Environment Programme , H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (TG Weiss - 2007) International Law: A Dictionary (including [...]...
31. Criminal Law and Procedure Criminal Law and Procedure: Summary In this entry, Criminal Law and Procedure covers: The Right to Counsel and to Confront Hostile Witnesses The Right to a Speedy and Public Trial The Right to Trial by Jury Defenses Bail Habeas Corpus Crime and Punishment...
32. United Nations Center for Human Settlement Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
33. United Nations Economic and Social Council Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
34. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
35. United Nations Human Settlements Programme Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
36. United Nations Disaster Relief Office Introduction to United Nations Disaster Relief OfficeUnited Nations Disaster Relief Office (UNDRO), organization founded in 1971 by the General Assembly of the United Nations to mobilize and coordinate relief activities from various sources in times of disaster. UNDRO was established to coo......
37. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
38. The Un Inter-Regional Crime Research Institute (Unicri) : The United Nations Inter-Regional Crime Research Institute (Unicri) in 2016 The focus of UNICRI's work has been on rehabilitation efforts in prison. The United States has provided assistance support to a UNICRI-led global effort to strengthen state capacity to implement the good practices [...]...
39. Drugs Embracing mainstream international law, this section on drugs explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Introduction This entry provides an overview of the legal framework of drugs, with a description of the most significant features of drugs at [...]...
40. United Nations Interregional Crime Justice Research Institute Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
41. Defective Drugs Law Defective Drugs Law......
42. Narcotic Drugs Embracing mainstream international law, this section on narcotic drugs explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "narcotic drugs" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, [...]...
43. Drugs international conventions ContentsDrugs international conventionsThe United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)ConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in ... Read more...
44. United Nations Office for Project Services United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) UNOPS supports partners to build a better future by providing services that increase ... Read more...
45. U.N. Guidelines on Justice in Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime U.N. Guidelines on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime Embracing mainstream international law, this section on u.n. guidelines on justice in matters involving child victims and witnesses of crime explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law [...]...
46. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
47. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Hello The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees The Introduction to Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, The (UNHCR), a subsidiary organ of the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, [...]...
48. Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Organization United Nations United Nations System...
49. Office Office, God From the book The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law, about Office, God (1): The constitutions of Arkansas, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas, prohibit a man from holding office who denies the existence of a Supreme Being; and the constitutions of Delaware, [...]...
50. Assay Office Bar A bar of gold or silver of a specified degree of fineness having undergone examination by a recognized assay office that attests to the stated purity of the metal. Customarily, assay office bars of gold are offered in 400 troy ounce units, while silver is offered in 1,000 troy ounce bars.......
51. Representative Office Introduction A representative office is an alternative form to the legal entity, designed for representation of foreign companies. It is often used in the initial stages of an overseas company’s establishment in the targeted market providing the foreign company with a physical presence in [...]...
52. Taxation Office Other Popular Tax Definitions in the World Legal Encyclopedia Adjusted Gross Income (sometimes, including Taxation Office) ...
53. Convention on the Prevention And Punishment Of the Crime Of Genocide Human Rights Conventions: Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of GenocideFurther ReadingA concise encyclopedia of the United Nations (including Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, H Volger, KA Annan -2010) The Oxford Handbook on the United [...]...
54. Treaties Office Treaties Office and the Treaties of the European Union Description of Treaties Office provided by the European Union Commission: The Treaties Office of DG External Relations of the European Commission, has two main roles: to advice on practice and procedural matters relating to the different [...]...
55. Cops Office Cops Office in Community Policing In this area, a meaning of Cops Office is available: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, the component of the U.S. Department of Justice responsible for advancing the practice of community policing by the nation's state, local, territory, and [...]...
56. Post Office Post Office in U.S. Constitutional Law A list of entries related to Post Office may be found, under the Post Office subject group, in the United States constitutional law platform of the American legal encyclopedia....
57. Office Audit Description of Office Audit Resources See Also Internal Revenue...
58. Front Office Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to front office in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
59. Office Machine Resources See Also Further Reading Information related to office machine in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law(MPEPIL), Germany, United Kingdom...
60. By Color of Office Resources See Also Color of law Color of office...
61. Color of Office Resources See Also Color of law...
62. Office Grant Resources See Also Office...
63. Office Management Resources See Also Business Company Corporation Enterprise...
64. Office Worker Resources See Also Business Company Corporation Enterprise...
65. Central Boycott Office An agency of the Arab League established in 1951 to orchestrate the ARAB BOYCOTT (read this and related legal terms for further details) of Israeli industry. The CBO has its headquarters in Damascus, Syria, with offices ......
66. Home Office Expense A tax deduction accorded to a local subsidiary of a foreign firm for certain administrative expenses incurred by a parent; such an allowance is permitted in some countries on the grounds that the services would probably have been provided locally, perhaps at greater expense, had they not been undert......
67. Office Of Export Control A branch of the Department of Commerce charged with reviewing, approving, or denying validated export licenses.......
68. Office of Management and Budget Concept of Office of Management and Budget Note: explore also the meaning of this legal term in the American Ecyclopedia of Law....
69. Social Security Office Most Popular Entries related to Social Security Office Social Security (in the World) Social Security Benefits (in the World) Social Security Office (in the World) Social Security Disability (in the World) Social Security Eligibility (in the World) Health (in the World) Social Security [...]...
70. Foreign Office Certificate Embracing mainstream international law, this section on foreign office certificate explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "foreign office certificate" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
71. International Labour Office Embracing mainstream international law, this section on international labour office explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "international labour office" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of [...]...
72. General Land Office Resources See Also Bureau of Land Management...
73. Office of Faith-based Community Initiatives Launch of the Office of Faith-based Community Initiatives in 2013 United States views on international law [1] in relation to Launch of the Office of Faith-based Community Initiatives: On August 7, 2013, Secretary Kerry announced the creation of the Department of State Office of [...]...
74. Administrative Office of the United States Courts Description of Administrative Office of the United States Courts Resources See Also Judicial Conference Of The United States Courts...
75. Law, War and Crime ContentsLaw, War and CrimeConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Law, War and Crime Gerry ... Read more...
76. Crime Introduction to Crime Crime, commission of an act or act of omission that violates the law and is punishable by the state. Crimes are considered injurious to society or the community, as distinguished from torts (see Tort) and breach of contract. As defined by law, a crime includes both the [...]...
77. Sex Crime Law Sex Crime......
78. War Crime Embracing mainstream international law, this section on war crime explores the context, history and effect of the area of the law covered here. Resources Further Reading The entry "crime, war" in the Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (currently, the [...]...
79. International Crime law resources ContentsInternational Crime law resourcesGeneralWar CrimesConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries International Crime law resources ... Read more...
80. Crime: International Conventions ContentsCrime: International ConventionsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries Crime: International Conventions Convention on the ... Read more...
81. Environmental Crime ContentsEnvironmental CrimeEnvironmental Crime: Factors for Presecution in the United StatesIntroduction to Factors to be ConsideredVoluntary Disclosure FactorCooperation FactorPreventative Measures and ... Read more...
82. Transnational Crime Transnational crime From a criminological perspective, the concept of 'transnational crime' originates from the mid-1970s when the United Nations used the term in order to identify certain criminal activities which transcend national jurisdictions. In 1995, the United Nations identified [...]...
83. Crime against international law ContentsCrime against international law1LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW2LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW3LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW4LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW5LAW ... Read more...
84. Nature of Crime ContentsThe Nature of CrimeDefinition of a CrimeCriminal LawParties in a CrimeElements of a Crime The Nature of Crime Definition of ... Read more...
85. Biological Theories of Crime ContentsBiological Theories of CrimeBackgroundGenetic FactorsNeurological AbnormalitiesSee AlsoCriminology: Biological Theories of CrimeIntroduction to Biological Theories of CrimeResourcesNotes and ReferencesGuide to Biological ... Read more...
86. Psychological Theories of Crime ContentsPsychological Theories of CrimeBackgroundMoral Development TheoriesSocial Learning TheoriesPersonality TheoriesSee AlsoCriminology: Psychological Theories of CrimeIntroduction to Psychological Theories of CrimeResourcesNotes and ... Read more...
87. Crime Detection Introduction to Crime DetectionCrime Detection, discovery, identification, and analysis of criminal evidence as a means of law enforcement. The responsibility of law enforcement agencies is to detect crimes, apprehend the perpetrators, and provide evidence that will convince judges and juri......
88. Crime Detection History Crime Detection Historical BackgroundIntroduction to Crime Detection HistoryEarly criminal investigation was a crude process, relying on eyewitnesses, inferences, and confessions extracted under torture. In early 19th-century France, for instance, the principal technique for catchi......
89. Crime Detection Records Introduction to Crime Detection RecordsCriminal records represent an important data base for police activities throughout the U.S. and the world. Each time an arrest is made, the suspect is fingerprinted (see Fingerprinting) in multiple copies; a copy is sent to the state identification sys......
90. Crime Deterrence Purposes of Imprisonment Societal Protection and Crime DeterrenceIntroduction to Crime DeterrenceLocking up dangerous criminals or persistent nonviolent offenders means that society will be protected from them for the duration of their sentences. Thus, imprisoning criminals tempora......
91. Crime Document Examination Crime Detection: Scientific Crime Investigation Document ExaminationIntroduction to Crime Document ExaminationDocument examination consists largely of comparing questioned handwriting with known handwriting to determine the writer's identity; it also includes the examination of......
92. Crime Genetic Factors Biological Theories of Crime: Genetic FactorsIntroduction to Crime Genetic FactorsThe evidence for an association between genetic makeup and criminality comes from empirical studies of identical twins (who have the same genetic makeup) and adopted children (who are genetically diss......
93. Crime Metallurgical Investigations Crime Detection: Scientific Crime Investigation Metallurgical InvestigationsIntroduction to Crime Metallurgical InvestigationsMetallurgical examinations make it possible to identify the source of an item-whether made of metal, plastic, ceramic, or other material-found at a crime sc......
94. Crime Parties Parties to a CrimeIntroduction to Crime PartiesCriminal law distinguishes levels of responsibility based on the individual's degree of involvement in the crime. A person who enters the bank, aims a gun at the teller, and asks for all the money is classified differently than the......
95. Economic Causes of Crime Environmental and Social Theories of Crime: Economic CausesIntroduction to Economic Causes of CrimeStudies concerning the influence of economic factors on criminal behavior have attempted to link economic deprivation to increased motivation to commit crimes (especially property cri......
96. Juvenile Crime Introduction to Juvenile CrimeJuvenile Crime, in law, term denoting various offenses committed by children or youths under the age of 18. Such acts are sometimes referred to as juvenile delinquency. Children's offenses typically include delinquent acts, which would be considered crimes ......
97. Scientific Crime Investigation Crime Detection: Scientific Crime InvestigationIntroduction to Scientific Crime InvestigationIn recent times, science has provided substantial aid to crime detection. Because anything in the physical universe has the potential of becoming an item of evidence in an investigation, a ......
98. White-Collar Crime Introduction to White-Collar CrimeWhite-Collar Crime, illegal acts committed by middle- or upper-class persons in conjunction with their ordinary occupational pursuits. The term, which has no legal significance, was first popularized by the American criminologist Edwin H. Sutherland in his ......
99. Computer Crime Computer Crime......
100. Juvenile Crime Law Juvenile Crime Law......
101. Violent Crime A violent crime or crime of violence is a crime in which the offender uses or threatens to use violent ... Read more...
102. Continuous Crime Spanish Translation of continuous crimeThis is the legal translation of English to Spanish in relation to continuous crime and / or a definition of this topic: Delito Continuado (in Spanish, without translation of the dictionary entry)....
103. Corporate Crime Corporate Crime Corporate Crime Worldwide and in the United States in 2013 More companies than ever are affected by theft ... Read more...
104. Encyclopedia of Race and Crime ContentsEncyclopedia of Race and CrimeDetailsDescriptionList of Topics of the Encyclopedia of Race and CrimeList of Authors of the Encyclopedia of ... Read more...
105. Proceeds of Crime Proceeds of Crime Definition of Proceeds of Crime “Proceeds of crime” means property which is derived directly or indirectly, in ... Read more...
106. Internet Crime Internet Law framework for Developing New Law in Cyberlaw Context for Developing the Law of the Internet ...
107. Financial Crime ContentsFinancial CrimeImpact of Illicit Financial FlowsThe principles of Fraud and Financial Crime InvestigationProceeds of Crime, Money Laundering and Financial Investigation ... Read more...
108. Transnational Organized Crime ContentsTransnational Organized CrimePenetration of State Institutions, Corruption, and Threats to GovernanceThreats to the Economy, National Competitiveness, and Strategic MarketsCrime-Terror-Insurgency NexusExpansion ... Read more...
109. Cooperation against Organized Crime ContentsCooperation against Organized CrimeBuild International Capacity, Cooperation, and Partnerships against Transnational Organized CrimeUnited Nations Convention against Transnational Organized CrimeUnited States ... Read more...
110. State Crime ContentsState CrimeResourcesNotesSee AlsoFurther Reading State Crime Chambliss, in an article, [1] defines state crime as “acts defined by law as ... Read more...
111. Crime Prevention ContentsCrime PreventionCrime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)Situational Crime Prevention StrategiesFurther Reading Crime Prevention Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) It ... Read more...
112. Crime Science ContentsCrime ScienceThe Relationships Between Crime Science and Related ApproachesEvidence-based crime reductionIntroductionDevelopmentCrime and disorder cluster in ‘hot spots’Crime clusters on ‘hot ... Read more...
113. Crime Facilitators ContentsCrime FacilitatorsCrime Facilitators existResourcesNotes Crime Facilitators Crime Facilitators exist It is also known from research that certain conditions in the ... Read more...
114. Crime Cluster ContentsCrime ClusterCrime and disorder cluster in ‘hot spots’Crime clusters on ‘hot victims’ (repeat victims)ResourcesNotes Crime Cluster Crime and disorder cluster ... Read more...
115. Crime Victimization ContentsCrime Victimization‘Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International ... Read more...
116. Crime and Punishment Crime and Punishment Explained References See Also Criminal Law (in international or comparative law) Criminal Procedure (in international or comparative law)...
117. Organized Crime Organized Crime in 2011 United States views on international law (based on the document "Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law"): See information on Nationality, Citizenship and Immigration in this legal Encyclopedia. for discussion of a new executive order and sanctions [...]...
118. Technology-enabled Crime Theory of Technology-enabled Crime, Policing, and Security Overview of Theory of Technology-enabled Crime, Policing, and Security in relation to cyber crime: [1] Resources Notes and References 1. By Samuel C. McQuade, III See Also Types of Cybercrime Cybercriminal Further Reading [...]...
119. Organized Crime Investigation ContentsOrganized Crime InvestigationOverview of Organised Crime InvestigationsThe Prediction and Control of Organized CrimeOffender InformationVictim InformationPolice Information Organized Crime Investigation Below ... Read more...
120. Crime Control Policy Literature Review on Guatemala: Crime Control Policy In the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, [1] Krystin Krause offers the following summary about the topic of Guatemala: Crime Control Policy: Following the signing of the Peace Accords that ended a 36-year civil [...]...