Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe

Article XIV

1. For the purpose of ensuring verification of compliance with the provisions
of this Treaty, each State Party shall have the right to conduct, and the
obligation to accept, within the area of application, inspections in accordance
with the provisions of the Protocol on Inspection.

2. The purpose of such inspections shall be:

(A) to verify, on the basis of the information provided pursuant to the
Protocol on Information Exchange, the compliance of States Parties with the
numerical limitations set forth in Articles IV, V and VI;

(B) to monitor the process of reduction of battle tanks, armoured combat
vehicles, artillery, combat aircraft and attack helicopters carried out at
reduction sites in accordance with Article VIII and the Protocol on Reduction;
and

(C) to monitor the certification of recategorised multi-purpose attack
helicopters and reclassified combat-capable trainer aircraft carried out in
accordance with the Protocol on Helicopter Recategorisation and the Protocol on
Aircraft Reclassification, respectively.

3. No State Party shall exercise the rights set forth in paragraphs 1 and 2
of this Article in respect of States Parties which belong to the group of States
Parties to which it belongs in order to elude the objectives of the verification
regime.

4. In the case of an inspection conducted jointly by more than one State
Party, one of them shall be responsible for the execution of the provisions of
this Treaty.

5. The number of inspections pursuant to Sections VII and VIII of the
Protocol on Inspection which each State Party shall have the right to conduct
and the obligation to accept during each specified time period shall be
determined in accordance with the provisions of Section II of that Protocol.

6. Upon completion of the 120-day residual level validation period, each
State Party shall have the right to conduct, and each State Party with territory
within the area of application shall have the obligation to accept, an agreed
number of aerial inspections within the area of application. Such agreed
numbers and other applicable provisions shall be developed during negotiations
referred to in Article XVIII.

Article XV

1. For the purpose of ensuring verification of compliance with the provisions
of this Treaty, a State Party shall have the right to use, in addition to the
procedures referred to in Article XIV, national or multinational technical means
of verification at its disposal in a manner consistent with generally recognised
principles of international law.

2. A State Party shall not interfere with national or multinational technical
means of verification of another State Party operating in accordance with
paragraph 1 of this Article.

3. A State Party shall not use concealment measures that impede verification
of compliance with the provisions of this Treaty by national or multinational
technical means of verification of another State Party operating in accordance
with paragraph 1 of this Article. This obligation does not apply to cover or
concealment practices associated with normal personnel training, maintenance or
operations involving conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty.

Article XVI

1. To promote the objectives and implementation of the provisions of this
Treaty, the States Parties hereby establish a Joint Consultative Group.

2. Within the framework of the Joint Consultative Group, the States Parties
shall:

(A) address questions relating to compliance with or possible circumvention
of the provisions of this Treaty;

(B) seek to resolve ambiguities and differences of interpretation that may
become apparent in the way this Treaty is implemented;

(C) consider and, if possible, agree on measures to enhance the viability
and effectiveness of this Treaty;

(D) update the lists contained in the Protocol on Existing Types, as
required by Article II, paragraph 2;

(E) resolve technical questions in order to seek common practices among the
States Parties in the way this Treaty is implemented;

(F) work out or revise, as necessary, rules of procedure, working methods,
the scale of distribution of expenses of the Joint Consultative Group and of
conferences convened under this Treaty and the distribution of costs of
inspections between or among States Parties;

(G) consider and work out appropriate measures to ensure that information
obtained through exchanges of information among the States Parties or as a
result of inspections pursuant to this Treaty is used solely for the purposes of
this Treaty, taking into account the particular requirements of each State Party
in respect of safeguarding information which that State Party specifies as being
sensitive;

(H) consider, upon the request of any State Party, any matter that a State
Party wishes to propose for examination by any conference to be convened in
accordance with Article XXI; such consideration shall not prejudice the right of
any State Party to resort to the procedures set forth in Article XXI; and

(I) consider matters of dispute arising out of the implementation of this
Treaty.

3. Each State Party shall have the right to raise before the Joint
Consultative Group, and have placed on its agenda, any issue relating to this
Treaty.

4. The Joint Consultative Group shall take decisions or make recommendations
by consensus. Consensus shall be understood to mean the absence of any
objection by any representative of a State Party to the taking of a decision or
the making of a recommendation.

5. The Joint Consultative Group may propose amendments to this Treaty for
consideration and confirmation in accordance with Article XX. The Joint
Consultative Group may also agree on improvements to the viability and
effectiveness of this Treaty, consistent with its provisions. Unless such
improvements relate only to minor matters of an administrative or technical
nature, they shall be subject to consideration and confirmation in accordance
with Article XX before they can take effect.

6. Nothing in this Article shall be deemed to prohibit or restrict any State
Party from requesting information from or undertaking consultations with other
States Parties on matters relating to this Treaty and its implementation in
channels or fora other than the Joint Consultative Group.

7. The Joint Consultative Group shall follow the procedures set forth in the
Protocol on the Joint Consultative Group.

Author: international

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