Trade Liberalization

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Contents

Trade Liberalization

Introduction

Trade liberalisation involves removing or reducing barriers to trade between different countries. One of the opposing forces that have shaped the changing pattern of world trade over the last 200 years was the promotion of free trade.

The Relative Impact of Trade Liberalization on Developing Countries

Some research have studied the costs associated with trade liberalization in developing countries and finds that developing countries may benefit at least as much from free trade than other countries.

Free Trade Agreements

Find information about:

Rules of Origin and Rules of Preference and the World Trade Organization: the Challenge to Global Trade Liberalization and the World Trade Organization

Rules of Origin and Rules of Preference and the World Trade Organization: the Challenge to Global Trade Liberalization in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) covers several issues.

Resources

See Also

  • International Trade
  • Trade Regulation
  • International Economic Law
  • Export License
  • International Trade Law
  • Foreign Trade
  • Safeguard

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2 thoughts on “Trade Liberalization”

  1. The history of international economic relations has travelled all the way, from the Kennedy Round in the 1960s to the present stalemate of the Doha Agenda, from the plurilateral days of GATT, to the multilateral rule-based system, and today back to bilateralism and preferential trade agreements and newly emerging forms of plurilateral agreements, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TTP), the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP).

    Globalization eventually placed the topic with all its linkages center stage and found a powerful home in the WTO.

  2. The increasing importance of trade related rules is due to a shift of what I should like to call the process from trade liberalization to trade regulation. I believe this. The growing stature of international economic law is due to underlying changes in the normative structure. No longer is the field limited to guide and contain nations in what we call negative integration. No longer is the field limited to tariff negotiations, and long gone are the days when negotiators in a cosy club in Geneva were able to broker deals behind the scene and off the lime lights of the global stage. I believe this. The focus on non-tariff barriers, beginning in the Kennedy Round, and the turn to services, intellectual property and domestic support levels in agriculture shifted the emphasis to what today we call behind the border measures, in fact to domestic legislation properly speaking. Market access increasingly is defined by means and in terms of domestic regulation. Modern trade rules harness and shape the foundations of domestic law. Much of international economic law shares this trait: trade, investment, labor, finance, and monetary affairs. Looking ahead to potential topics of a post-Doha agenda, this is likely to further increase: Climate change mitigation essentially focuses on Processes and Production Methods (PPMs), taxation and a stable framework for renewable energy, and climate change adaption turns to food security and migration. Further work on equal and fair conditions of competition— the core of WTO law—will turn to anti-trust, unfair competition, labor standards, and Corporate Social Responsibility, framing and partly harmonizing the law for business corporations. This is my point of view, at least. Aid for trade and trade facilitation will need to focus on product innovation and education and more effective ways of technology and knowledge transfers. Inextricable linkages to other fields—monetary, financial, environment, human rights, seeking a proper balance of competing constitutional interests, will bring about a more coherent architecture among different international organizations. But foremost, the effect of these linkages, again, will be felt behind the borders of States or Unions.

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